european commission infrastructure development bridging the national & international levels: the...
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EUROPEANCOMMISSION
Infrastructure Development
Bridging the National & International Levels:
The Euratom Experience and expertise
Sotiris Synetos, Euratom Safeguards
IAEA Technical Meeting on Infrastructure development
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The Euratom Treaty
Signed at Rome in 1957
One of the founding EU treaties
Formal name is the European Atomic Energy Community
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The Tasks of the Euratom Community
a. promote research …………….b. establish uniform safety standards to protect the health of
workers and of the general public……………….;c. facilitate investment ……………………………………..
g. ……….. the creation of a common market in specialized materials and equipment, ……………………………………….;
h. establish relations with other countries and international organizations ……………………………
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Euratom Safeguards
……..the Commission shall satisfy itself that, in the territories of Member States:
a) nuclear materials are not diverted from their declared uses
b) any obligations assumed under an agreement concluded with a third State or an international organization are complied with.
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Milestones in Euratom Safeguards
1957 The Euratom Treaty
1959 Safeguards Office operational
1978 NPT Safeguards regime
2004 AP implementation commences
2010 Integrated safeguards in the 25 EU NNWS Worldwide standard: CSA +AP
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Euratom safeguards in numbers
2
25
200
1000
1500
2 000 000
nuclear weapons member states
non-nuclear weapons member states
Staff-mostly Inspectors
MBAs
inspections per year
lines of a/c data per year
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Declaration of Facilites
Declaration of Nuclear Materials
Provisions relating to inspections
Sanctions
The Elements of Euratom Safeguards
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Euratom & IAEA – Euratom as RSAC
1977 entry into force of Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement with the IAEA INFCIRC/193
(plus INFCIRC/263 UK, INFCIRC/290 F)
2004EU Additional Protocols
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The benefits of RSACs
Complement to IAEA
Facilitator for IAEA logistics, equipment, maintenance
QC of data passed to IAEA
Confidence building for its members
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Which expertise can Euratom offer ?
• Legal and Regulatory framework
• Experience with integrating new member states (with and without nuclear programs)
• Experience in dealing with the IAEA requirements
• Guidance for states considering a Regional Model
• Robust accountancy system-IAEA compliant-reporting tools developed- from Ores to waste
• Obligation accountancy- to meet bilateral agreements
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Which expertise can Euratom offer ?
• AP implementation-appropriate reporting tools and databases developed
• Equipment development– often together with the JRC and the IAEA-(big) customer perspective
• Training services for inspectors: opening up of in-house or JRC training- about 40 different courses
• Safeguards interfacesnuclear securityexport controlsillicit trafficking