european conquest & colonization in americas chapter 20 section 1
TRANSCRIPT
European Conquest & Colonization in Americas
Chapter 20 Section 1
Portugal Spain
England French
Today’s Goal You will be able to…
Explain the methods of conquest and colonization of the Europeans in the New World.
Colonies = land controlled by outside country
Voyages of ColumbusGoal = sea route to India
San Salvador in Caribbean
los indios (Indians)
Colonies
Portuguese Conquest & ColonizationAmerigo Vespucci- Declared S. America was Mundus Novus or “New World”- Americas named after him
Waldseemuller’s Map – labeled S. America after Amerigo
Portuguese Conquest & Colonization
Brazil
No gold, silver, BUT…land was perfect for sugar plantations – High demand for
sugar in Europe
1518 – Vasco Núñez Balboa went through Panama & became first to see the Pacific Ocean1519 – Ferdinand Magellan his crew was first to sail around the world
Spanish ConquistadorsHernando Cortes Aztecs (Montezuma)
Francisco Pizarro Inca (Atahualpa)
Why was Cortes able to conquer the Aztecs?• Misconceptions• Superior weapons (gun)• Support from rival tribes (who despised Aztecs)• Disease!!!
Spanish ConquistadorsFrancisco Pizarro Incan Empire
Kidnapped Atahualpa – ransomed for gold– Killed anyway
Inca retreated
How did Spain rule the natives in the New World?
Similar to Reconquista– Forced assimilation
Encomienda system – serfdom or slavery?
How did success in exploration & conquest affect Spain?
Golden Age in arts & culture
Bigger navy, military, power
Spain’s Religious Purpose in North America
Santa Fe (“Holy Faith”), New Mexico Catholicism!
What was the resistance to Spanish rule in the Americas?
England in N. AmericaEscape religious persecution
Colonize – populate settlements
Natural resources for England
Conflict w/natives
French & Dutch in N. America
Fur trade– French not settlement– Dutch few, small
settlements (diverse)
Better relations w/natives