european ict poles of excellence eipe - european ......2014/07/04 · orbis (bureau van dijk) 5....
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JRC-IPTS / CONNECT joint project nr 31786-2010-06
Giuditta De Prato & Daniel Nepelski Institute for Prospective Technological Studies - IPTS Joint Research Centre - European Commission www.jrc.es / is.jrc.es
Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of the presenter and may not in any circumstances be regarded as stating an official position of the European
Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of this
presentation.
European ICT Poles of Excellence
EIPE
Project overview & results
IPTS
Part of the JRC of the EC
Mission
“to provide customer-driven
support to the EU policy-making
process by developing
science-based responses
to policy challenges that have
both a socio-economic as well as
a scientific/technological
dimension”
European Commission – Joint Research Centre
Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS)
Overview of the EIPE project Mapping ICT in the EU City sights of 5 EIPEs London, Paris, Darmstadt, Dublin & Copenhagen
General findings
Some implications
Summary
3
Overview of the EIPE project Mapping ICT in the EU City sights of 5 EIPEs London, Paris, Darmstadt, Dublin & Copenhagen
General findings
Some implications
Summary
4
The question:
What and where
are the European
ICT
Poles of world-class
Excellence?
The challenge:
to identify places generously endowed in ICT activities
across the whole of Europe
on the basis of quantitative indicators..
The EIPE project
5
Agglomeration Globalisation Networking
Use of acknowledged databases and techniques Documented and standard modus operandi
Fully based on available quantitative data Development of indicators
European-wide data used Location data aggregated for 1303 NUTS3 level regions
ICT as technology and as industry ICT R&D, but also Innovation and Businesses
27 Member States; World MNEs; Global networks 42 indicators; 3 sub-indicators; 1 EIPE Composite
Indicator
The project provides a new perspective on ICT activities in Europe
European coverage/ Global and broad scope
ICT focus
Locational purpose
Quantitative approach
Transparent methodology
Founded in past and current literature
The EIPE project
6
Defining the object of investigation:
The European ICT Pole of world-class Excellence (EIPE)
The geographical agglomeration of best performing
Information and Communication Technologies R&D, innovation and business activities,
located in the European Union, playing a central role in global networks
Definition
7
Business
Innovation
R&D
Agglomeration
Internationalisation
Networking
ICT Activities
Ch
ara
cte
risti
cs
of
ICT
acti
vit
ies
Methodological framework
Crépon, Duguet & Mairesse – CDM – Model (1998)
1. R&D centre location (HIS iSuppli)
2. REGPAT (EPO/OECD)
3. QS World University Ranking
4. ORBIS (Bureau van Dijk)
5. European Investment Monitor
(Ernst&Young)
6. Venture source (Dow Jones)
7. FP7 (DG Connect)
8. Web of Knowledge (Thomson
Reuters)
42 Indicators
Indicators
Fully based on a set of acknowledged,
available and broad encompassing
primary data sources
9
ICT R&D activity
Methodological framework
Agglomeration
Internationalization
Networking
• Universities
• Ranking of IT faculties
• R&D expenditures
• FP7 funding
• Location of ICT R&D centres
• ICT-related publications
• QS World University Ranking R&D
• Orbis (Bureau van Dijk)
• FP DB (DG CONNECT)
• R&D centre database (IHS iSuppli)
• Web of Knowledge (Thomson R.)
• ICT R&D centres owned by
companies from a region located
abroad
• ICT R&D centres located in a
region owned by foreign companies
R&D centre database (IHS iSuppli)
Network analysis of
R&D collaboration
Framework Program funding
(DG CONNECT)
Measurement Data source Characteristic
ICT Innovation activity
Agglomeration
Internationalization
Networking
• Investment in intangibles
• VC financing
• ICT patents
• Orbis (Bureau van Dijk)
• Venture Source (DowJones)
• REGPAT (EPO-OECD)
International co-inventions
REGPAT (EPO-OECD)
Network analysis of
international co-inventions
REGPAT (EPO-OECD)
Measurement Data source Characteristic
Methodological framework
ICT Business activity
Agglomeration
Internationalization
Networking
• Employment
• Number of affiliates of ICT SB firms
• Turnover
• New business investments
Orbis (Bureau van Dijk)
EIM (Ernst & Young)
International affiliates in a region
Affiliates located abroad
Orbis (Bureau van Dijk)
Network analysis of
business locations
Orbis (Bureau van Dijk)
Measurement Data source Characteristic
Methodological framework
Generating the EIPE Identity Card of each of the 1303 regions
Indicators
ICT R&D Agglomeration
indicators
ICT R&D Internationalisation
indicators
ICT R&D Networking indicators
ICT Innovation Agglomeration
indicators
ICT Innovation Internationalisation
indicators
ICT Innovation Networking indicators
ICT Business Agglomeration
indicators
ICT Business Internationalisation
indicators
ICT Business Networking indicators
ICT R&D composite indicator
ICT Innovation composite indicator
ICT Business composite indicator
EIPE composite indicator
..and the EIPE composite indicators
Indicators
Overview of the EIPE project Mapping ICT in the EU City sights of 5 EIPEs London, Paris, Darmstadt, Dublin & Copenhagen
General findings
Some implications
Summary
15
Mapping ICT in EU
EIPE Indicator Final Ranking (> 40)
16
Mapping ICT in EU
EIPE Indicator Final Ranking (> 40)
17
201
454
327
124
72
52
2511 8 8 3 7 2 3 2 1 3
0
100
200
300
400
500
Fre
qu
en
cy
0 20 40 60 80 100
18
Mapping ICT in EU
EIPE Indicator Final Ranking: Frequency
1st tier
40<EIPE<100: top 34 regions
2nd tier 3rd tier
EIPE
Atlas of ICT activity in Europe
EIPE
Atlas of ICT activity in Europe
EIPE
Atlas of ICT activity in Europe
EIPE
Atlas of ICT activity in Europe
EIPE
Atlas of ICT activity in Europe
EIPE
Atlas of ICT activity in Europe
EIPE
Atlas of ICT activity in Europe
EIPE
Atlas of ICT activity in Europe
28
Mapear la actividad TICs
en Europa
Benchmarking
Perfiles detallados y
casos de estudio
..mas allá de mapear
Concepts
Methods
Data & Information
The EIPE Tool
Mapping ICT activity
in Europe
Benchmarking locations
Detailed profiles
Beyond Mapping
A monitoring tool to measure and assess
the ICT activity in Europe
The EIPE tool
Overview of the EIPE project Mapping ICT in the EU City sights of 5 EIPEs London, Paris, Darmstadt, Dublin & Copenhagen
General findings
Some implications
Summary
29
Rank NUTS3 code Region name EIPE CI
1 DE212 Munchen, Kreisfreie Stadt 100
2 UKI12 Inner London - East 98
3 FR101 Paris 96
4 DE122 Karlsruhe, Stadtkreis 80
5 UKH12 Cambridgeshire CC 79
6 SE110 Stockholms lan 78
7 DE711 Darmstadt, Kreisfreie Stadt 73 8 NL414 Zuidoost-Noord-Brabant 71
9 FI181 Uusimaa 70
… … … … 14 ITC45 Milano 59
15 DE300 Berlin 59
16 IE021 Dublin 57
17 NL333 Delft en Westland 56
18 DEA21 Aachen, Kreisfreie Stadt 56
… … … … 20 UKM25 Edinburgh, City of 51
21 DE111 Stuttgart, Stadtkreis 51
… … … … 24 DK011 Byen Kobenhavn 49
25 BE100 Arr. de Bruxelles 49
… … … …
30 DE712 Frankfurt am Main 44
City sights
Business
Innovation
R&D
Agglomeration
Internationalisation
Networking
ICT Activities
Ch
ara
cte
risti
cs
of
ICT
acti
vit
ies
Crépon, Duguet & Mairesse – CDM – Model (1998)
City sights Activity Characteristic Name of Indicator Indicator ID Rank
R&
D
Agglomeration
Universities ranked in the QS University Ranking AgRD 1 18
Academic ranking of a Computer Science faculty AgRD 2 7
Employer ranking of a Computer Science faculty AgRD 3 3
Citations ranking of a Computer Science faculty AgRD 4 6
R&D expenditures by ICT firms AgRD 5 7
FP7 funding AgRD 6 18
FP7 participations AgRD 7 17
FP7 funding to SMEs AgRD 8 18
FP7 participations by SMEs AgRD 9 17
Location of ICT R&D centres AgRD 10 314
Ownership of ICT R&D centres AgRD 11 16
Scientific publications in Computer Science AgRD 12 4
Internationalisation Outward ICT R&D internationalisation IntRD 1 16
Inward ICT R&D internationalisation IntRD 2 260
Networking
Degree in ICT R&D network NetRD 1 4
Closeness centrality in ICT R&D network NetRD 2 4
Betweenness centrality in ICT R&D network NetRD 3 7
Eigenvector centrality in ICT R&D network NetRD 4 5
Innovation
Agglomeration
Investment in intangibles by ICT firms AgIn 1 15
Venture Capital financing to ICT firms AgIn 2 1
ICT patents AgIn 3 372
Internationalisation International co-inventions IntIn 1 561
Networking
Degree in ICT innovation network NetIn 1 50
Closeness centrality ICT innovation network NetIn 2 30
Betweenness centrality ICT innovation network NetIn 3 76
Eigenvector centrality ICT innovation network NetIn 4 11 Busin
ess
Agglomeration
Location of ICT Scoreboard Headquarters AgBuss 1 20
Ownership of ICT Scoreboard affiliates AgBuss 2 6
Location of ICT Scoreboard affiliates AgBuss 3 1
Location of ICT firms AgBuss 4 1
ICT employment AgBuss 5 5
Growth in ICT employment AgBuss 6 82
Turnover by ICT firms AgBuss 7 5
Growth in turnover by ICT firms AgBuss 8 1264
New business investments in the ICT sector AgBuss 9 2
Internationalisation Outward ICT business internationalisation IntBuss 1 27
Inward ICT business internationalisation IntBuss 2 2
Networking
In-degree in ICT business network NetBuss 1 1
Out-degree in ICT business network NetBuss 2 5
Closeness centrality in ICT business network NetBuss 3 2
Betweenness centrality in ICT business network NetBuss 4 4
Eigenvector centrality in ICT business network NetBuss 5 1
ICT R&D activity
London
• Strong public research infrastructure with high scientific output
• Computer Science faculties high on the employer ranking
Indicator ID
Name of indicator Rank London universities in QS university ranking
AgRD 1 Universities ranked in the QS University Ranking
18
1. Goldsmiths, University of London
2. King's College London
3. University College London
4. Queen Mary, University of London
AgRD 2 Academic ranking of a Computer Science faculty
7 University College London
AgRD 4 Citations ranking of a Computer Science faculty
6 Goldsmiths, University of London
AgRD 12 Scientific publications in Computer Science
4
Total number of publications
% in EU total
10436 8%
Research organizations with the highest number of publications
1. UNIVERSITY OF LONDON (3537)
2. IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON (1787)
3. COLLEGE LONDON (1314)
4. KINGS COLLEGE LONDON (1284)
ICT R&D Agglomeration: Universities & bibliometrics
City sights
ICT R&D activity
London
• Strong public research infrastructure with high scientific output
• Computer Science faculties high on the employer ranking
• Rather average participation in FP7
ICT R&D Agglomeration: FP7 funding and participation Indicator
ID Name of indicator
Rank
AgRD 6 FP7 funding 18
Total amount of funding (in Mln of Euro) % in EU total
358 3.06%
1. UNIVERSITY COLLAGE OF LONDON (50) 2. IMPERIAL COLLEGE (33) 3. NEC EUROPE LTD (32) 4. QUEEN MARY (25) 5. BRITISH TELECOMMUNICATIONS (18)
AgRD 7 FP7 participations
17
Number of participations % in EU total
879 2.94%
1. IMPERIAL COLLEGE (133) 2. UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON (98) 3. NEC EUROPE LTD (64) 4. QUEEN MARY (47) 5. BRITISH TELECOMMUNICATIONS (41)
AgRD 8
FP7 funding to SMEs
18
Total amount of funding (in Mln of Euro) % in EU total
68 2.86%
1. THE SHADOW ROBOT COMPANY LIMITED (2.7) 2. AVANTI COMMUNICATIONS LIMITED (2.4) 3. GOV3 LTD (2.1) 4. IC FOCUS LIMITED (2.1) 5. Q-SPHERE LIMITED (1.8)
AgRD 9 FP7 participations by SMEs
17
Number of participations % in EU total
213 2.93%
1. GLOBAL SECURITY INTELLIGENCE LIMITED (6)
2. THE SHADOW ROBOT COMPANY LIMITED (6)
3. GOV3 LTD (5)
4. IC FOCUS LIMITED (5)
5. Q-SPHERE LIMITED (5)
City sights
ICT R&D activity
London
• Strong public research infrastructure with high scientific output
• Computer Science faculties high on the employer ranking
• Rather average participation in FP7
• Considerable private R&D expenditures and ownership of R&D centers
ICT R&D Agglomeration: R&D expenditures and centres
Indicator ID
Name of indicator Rank
AgRD 5 R&D
expenditures by ICT firms
7
Total amount of funding (in Mln of Euro)
% in EU total
1.044 5%
R&D investors based in London with the highest amount of R&D expenditures
1. TELIT COMMUNICATIONS PLC
2. PREMIER FARNELL PLC
3. ALLOCATE SOFTWARE PLC
4. ARCONTECH GROUP PLC
5. TIKIT GROUP PLC
AgRD 10 Location of
ICT R&D centres
314
Number of R&D centres located in London
% in EU total
n.a. n.a.
Organizations with the highest number of R&D centres located in London
n.a.
AgRD 11 Ownership of
ICT R&D 16
Number of R&D centres owned by firms based in London
% in EU total
39 5%
Organizations based in London with the highest number of R&D centres owned worldwide
1. BAE
2. Invensys
3. Sony-Ericsson
City sights
ICT R&D activity
London
• Strong public research infrastructure with high scientific output
• Computer Science faculties high on the employer ranking
• Rather average participation in FP7
• Considerable private R&D expenditures and ownership of R&D centers
• Strong outward ICT R&D internationalisation
ICT R&D Internationalisation
Indicator ID
Name of indicator Rank
InRD 1 Outward ICT R&D
internationalisation 16
Number of ICT R&D centres located abroad (outside the country) that are owned by
companies' headquarters located in a region
32
InRD 2 Inward ICT R&D
internationalisation 260
Number of ICT R&D centres located in a region that are
owned by foreign companies n.a.
City sights
ICT R&D activity
London
• Strong public research infrastructure with high scientific output
• Computer Science faculties high on the employer ranking
• Rather average participation in FP7
• Considerable private R&D expenditures and ownership of R&D centers
• Strong outward ICT R&D internationalisation
• Important position in the ICT R&D network despite relatively low participation in FP7
ICT R&D networking
Indicator ID NetRD 1 NetRD 2 NetRD 3 NetRD 4
Indicator Name
Degree in ICT R&D network
Closeness centrality in ICT
R&D network
Betweenness centrality in ICT
R&D network
Eigenvector centrality in ICT
R&D network
Rank 4 4 7 5
City sights
ICT R&D activity
Paris
• Diverse public research infrastructure with considerable scientific output
• Computer Science faculties acknowledged for their scientific output
• Very high private R&D expenditures and ownership of R&D centers
• One of the major hubs of the European ICT R&D network
Darmstadt
• Just one university
• Very high scientific output and all by Technische Universität Darmstadt
• Relatively high private R&D expenditures and ownership of R&D centers
• An important, medium-sized node in the European ICT R&D network
Dublin
• Diverse public research infrastructure
• Highly ranked scientific activity
• Weak participation in FP7
• Strong outward ICT R&D internationalisation
Copenhagen
• Two universities
• High private R&D expenditures
• Weak participation in FP7
• Among the top 10% nodes of • the European ICT R&D network
London
• Strong public research infrastructure with high scientific output
• Computer Science faculties high on the employer ranking
• Rather average participation in FP7
• Considerable private R&D expenditures and ownership of R&D centers
• Strong outward ICT R&D internationalisation
• Important position in the ICT R&D network despite relatively low participation in FP7
City sights
ICT innovation activity
London
• Strong investments in intangibles by ICT firms
• A heavy-weight recipient of VC funding: Nr 1 in Europe
• Rather average innovation performance & average low level innovation internationalisation
• An important position in the ICT innovation network with strong connections to the key nodes
Paris
• Very high investments in intangibles by ICT firms
• Nr 2 in Europe in terms of the VC funding
• Rather average innovation performance & the level of innovation internationalisation
Darmstadt
• Relatively high investments in intangibles
• Important recipient of VC funding
• Very strong innovation performance
• Software AG: the local multinational
Dublin
• Magnet for VC funding: Nr 5 in Europe
• Rather low innovation performance
• Well-connected in the ICT innovation network with linkages to Silicon Valle and Japan
Copenhagen
• Very high investments in intangibles by ICT firms
• One of the prime destinations of VC funding: Nr 4 in Europe
• Rather weak innovation performance
City sights
ICT business activity
Paris
• High level of new investments in the ICT sector
• Strong business base in the ICT sector
• Relatively high level of internationalisation of business activity
• One of the key hubs in the ICT business network
Darmstadt
• Strong industrial base in the ICT sector
• Software AG: the local multinational
• Growing ICT activity
• Nr 1 in new investments in the ICT sector
Dublin
• Very vibrant business location
• An important location for foreign companies, e.g. US, UK, Germany
• Strongly embedded in the ICT business network & connected to key nodes in Europe, US and Japan
Copenhagen
• An important location of business activities with 4 ICT R&D Scoreboard headquarters
• Very high number of new investments in the ICT sector
• An important destination for foreign firms, e.g. US, Germany, the Netherland and Norway
London
• "The place" in the business world
• Important center of corporate ownership
• Low business dynamics
• A key place for "doing business" for companies from all around the world
• And THE HUB of the ICT business network
City sights
40
And so on, and
so on…
Overview of the EIPE project Mapping ICT in the EU City sights of 5 EIPEs London, Paris, Darmstadt, Dublin & Copenhagen
General findings
Some implications
Summary
41
General findings
43
Paris: ~7% of the total FP7 budget
Darmstadt:
0.2% of the EU Venture
Capital funding
(0.03% of the EU population) Copenhagen:
2% of all new investments in
the ICT sector in the EU
(1% of the EU population)
London:
>5% of EU total R&D by
ICT firms
General findings
44
1
General findings
Paris EIPE Scoreboard
New investments by activity
Lo
nd
on
Darm
sta
dt
Paris
Du
bli
n
Co
pen
hag
en
General findings
46
Darmstadt:
internationalisation of
ICT innovation
>10% of patents cover inventions
developed jointly with inventors from
outside of Germany
Paris: Outward ICT R&D
internationalisation
Dublin: Inward ICT business
internationalisation
>320 (71%) affiliates of top ICT
R&D investors belong to foreign
from outside of Ireland
General findings
47
General findings
Global network of
ICT R&D location
Overview of the EIPE project Mapping ICT in the EU City sights of 5 EIPEs London, Paris, Darmstadt, Dublin & Copenhagen
General findings
Some implications
Summary
48
49
Towards policy implications..
European ICT Poles of world-class Excellence show some common characteristics:
1.Concentration / agglomeration Their strength creates problems?
2.Some forms of proximity with neighbouring regions Growth process?
3.Global reach for knowledge and business Role of DSM and "Go global"?
4.Structured networking capacity Join but be selective !
5.ICT activity in close relation to other vertical sectors Diversity can pay off
6.Balanced presence of R&D, Innovation and Business Specialised complementarities?
7.A development rooted in time (decades) No fast emergence
European ICT Poles of world-class Excellence show also diversity in their characteristics:
•In profile (composition, size, specialisation,..)
•In background history (often national, but not only)
•In policies applied (Hands on/off, sectoral, spatial,..)
What do these common characteristis and diversity tell us about tailoring EIPE-related EU-wide policies ?
Torwards policy implications..
50
EIPE policy implications ?
EIPE occupy a justified role in world-class ICT R&D, innovation and business activities
But they deeply lack the necessary "political marketing"
Europe does host several "silicon valleys"
Excellence is not about becoming essential within global networks
EIPE are world-level hubs
Unobservable from the rankings how those hubs co-operate within Europe
Several scenarios are plausible
A European Silicon valley ?
This calls for taking in account the core EIPE, supporting the domestic spillovers, and the EU and global complementarities altogether
FP, ERA or EIT-type policies can try to orient the system
A political will for "new" EIPE might be mistaken
The ranking reflects the slow building up of (local) economies resulting in balanced scores on all activities
The stability of rankings is confirmed by other cases
51
52
Thank
you!
http://is.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pages/ISG/EIPE.html