European Imperial Patterns

American History

What is Imperialism?

• Imperial - from “Empire”– A group of countries under a single

authority.

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Europeans in the New World

• In early 1600s European countries entered the Western Hemisphere to expand their rule into new territory.

• Who?– Spanish– French– English – Dutch– Others…

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Spanish• Where? Central and South

America.• When? The first! From 1492

through 1700s.• Why? Precious metals (gold

and silver).• How? Tools of subjugation:

Disease, technology, and lots of confusion– “Requerimiento”

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Spanish in North Americca

• Not interested in terrritory above Mexico– Exception: De Soto,

Coronado– Some settlements in

New Mexico, Arizona, California, Texas.

• 1565 Permanent outpost at St. Augustine, Florida.QuickTime™ and a

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French

• Started permanent settlements in 1600s.

• Wanted gold, but settled for fur.

• Worked with Native Americans as agents.

• Little conflict with Native Americans– Why? Few settlements.– Most French went to the

Caribbean to set up sugar plantations.

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French

• Major explorers: – Champlain

• Founded series of forts, Quebec City (1608)

– Marquette (Jesuit missionary) and Joliet (map maker)

• Explored Great Lakes and upper Mississippi

• Quebec, Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois

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Dutch

• Explorer Henry Hudson went looking for “Northwest Passage”– Northwest Passage: fast way to Asia going north– Worked for Dutch East India Company (1609)– Explored river in New York…Hudson River.

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Dutch

• New Netherlands colony established by Dutch West India Company in 1620s.

• Set up Patroon System: land for people who bring over 50 or more families to New Netherlands

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Dutch

• Trade conflicts arose between Dutch and English.– English takeover

New Netherlands 1660

– New York and New Jersey.

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English• 1st attempt at Roanoke, Virginia (1587) failed.

– Why is it called Virginia?

• Got into colonization after squashing Spanish Armada (1588)

• In early 1600s, successful.• Most colonies were for profit.

– Joint stock companies with investors.– Investors wanted to MAKE MONEY!

• Jamestown (1607)• Massachusetts Bay Colony (1630)

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English • King granted charters to colonies:– Proprietary colonies:

for profit; individuals get land grants (“Hundreds”); investors own colony.

• Maryland (163)• Pennsylvania (1681)

– Royal colonies: crown takes over ownership and control

• 8 of original 13 were royal.

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Maryland is foundedas proprietary colony.

English

• Why come to the colonies?– Religious freedom (Massachusetts)– Make their fortunes (Virginia).

• English – Native Am relationship– Initially, good.– With more and more settlers, it soured.– Disease and war and land claims and pigs!

• Profitable: tobacco, indigo

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