european industrial climates & legal framework
TRANSCRIPT
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7/30/2019 European Industrial Climates & Legal Framework
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A B C D E
8 October 2012
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7/30/2019 European Industrial Climates & Legal Framework
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Austria
Industrial relations climate Freedom of association guaranteed by
law/constitution? Yes
Collective agreements? Yes, at all levels (covering 80% ofworking population) Proportion of workforce in trade unions: 47% Legal protection from discrimination against union
members? Yes (in companies employing 5+ people)
Unions have right to strike? Yes, in practice (but not bylaw). Little strike activity State mediation on disputes? Special arbitration court
for social affairs
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Legal employment framework
Minimum working age: 15
Statutory minimum wage? No
rates set through
collective agreement.
Standard workweek: 40 hours (50% of employeeswork 38-38.5 hours/wk).
Minimum annual holiday entitlement: 25 days (30after 25 yrs service) + public holidays.
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7/30/2019 European Industrial Climates & Legal Framework
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Belarus
Industrial relations climate
Freedom of association guaranteed bylaw/constitution? Yes but not in practice.
Collective agreements? Not freely concluded oreffectively enforced.
Proportion of workforce in trade unions: 80 90%(independent unions strongly discouraged).
Legal protection from discrimination against unionmembers? Not in practice.
Unions have right to strike? Not in practice. Heavyrestrictions on public gatherings.
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7/30/2019 European Industrial Climates & Legal Framework
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Legal employment framework
Minimum working age: 16 (but 14 with parental
consent). Statutory minimum wage? Yes, but very low.
Standard workweek: 40 hours (but many workers onshort-time).
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Belgium
Industrial relations climate Freedom of association guaranteed by
law/constitution? Yes (constitution) no registration required. Collective agreements? Multilevel within private sector
framework. Proportion of workforce in trade unions: 60% Legal protection from discrimination against union
members? Yes but employers may pay an indemnity instead ofoffering reinstatement.
Unions have right to strike? Yes (except merchant marine,police and magistrates).
State mediation on disputes? Civil courts often used to endstrikes.
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Legal employment framework
Minimum working age: 18 (15-18 year olds may carry
out PT work). Statutory minimum wage? Yes.
Standard workweek: 38 hours.
Minimum annual holiday entitlement: 20 days +
public holidays.
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7/30/2019 European Industrial Climates & Legal Framework
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Bulgaria
Industrial relations climate
Freedom of association guaranteed bylaw/constitution? Yes.
Collective agreements? Yes, but weakly adhered to. Proportion of workforce in trade unions: 18% (est).
Legal protection from discrimination against unionmembers? Yes, but may only be resolved through courts
which are very slow. Unions have right to strike? Yes (but only when all other
forms of dispute resolution have broken down) Strikesbanned in key public sector bodies.
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7/30/2019 European Industrial Climates & Legal Framework
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Legal employment framework
Minimum working age: 16 (18 for dangerous work).
Statutory minimum wage? Yes, but very low. Standard workweek: 40 hours.
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7/30/2019 European Industrial Climates & Legal Framework
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Croatia
Industrial relations climate Freedom of association guaranteed by
law/constitution?Yes
Collective agreements? Yes, employers have a duty tobargain in good faith. Proportion of workforce in trade unions: 50% Legal protection from discrimination against union
members? Yes, but high proportion of workers on fixed-
term contracts limits union power. Unions have right to strike? Yes. State mediation on disputes? Mediation required before
strike activity over new contracts.
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7/30/2019 European Industrial Climates & Legal Framework
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Legal employment framework
Minimum working age: 15 (18 for overtime, heavy
work and night shifts). Statutory minimum wage? No, but lowest wage
effectively set by government.
Standard workweek: 40 hours (maximum of 10 hours
overtime/week). Minimum annual holiday entitlement: 18 working
days (miners 24 working days) + public holidays.
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7/30/2019 European Industrial Climates & Legal Framework
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Cyprus
Industrial relations climate
Freedom of association guaranteed bylaw/constitution? Yes (except police and military).
Collective agreements? Yes, but not legally enforceableand limited in the northern zone.
Proportion of workforce in trade unions: 2% in privatesector, 60% in semi-public sector.
Legal protection from discrimination against unionmembers? No.
Unions have right to strike? Yes (but replacementworkers may be hired).
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7/30/2019 European Industrial Climates & Legal Framework
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Legal employment framework
Minimum working age: 16 (15 for apprentices).
Statutory minimum wage? Yes, in occupations notcovered by collective bargaining and all workers innorth of island.
Standard workweek: 38 hours in winter and 36 hours
in summer.
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7/30/2019 European Industrial Climates & Legal Framework
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Czech Republic
Industrial relations climate
Freedom of association guaranteed bylaw/constitution? Yes.
Collective agreements? Yes, mainly companyagreements.
Proportion of workforce in trade unions: 14-15%
Legal protection from discrimination againstunion members? Yes.
Unions have right to strike? Yes, (except certainpublic employees) but only after mediation.
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7/30/2019 European Industrial Climates & Legal Framework
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Legal employment framework
Minimum working age: 15 (14 in some cases).
Statutory minimum wage? Yes. Standard workweek: 40 hours (overtime limited to 8
hours per week).
Minimum annual holiday entitlement:4 weeks (5
weeks for arduous or dangerous occupations) + publicholidays
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7/30/2019 European Industrial Climates & Legal Framework
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Denmark
Industrial relations climate Freedom of association guaranteed by
law/constitution? Yes, including military and police.
Collective agreements? Yes
central to economic life(covers 85% of workers). Proportion of workforce in trade unions: 75% Legal protection from discrimination against union
members? Yes
Unions have right to strike? Yes (except essential servicesand civil servants) State mediation on disputes? Yes extensive conciliation
and mediation system.
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7/30/2019 European Industrial Climates & Legal Framework
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Legal employment framework
Minimum working age: 15 (13 part-time).
Statutory minimum wage? No
subject to collectiveagreements.
Standard workweek: 37 hours (general level incollective agreements).
Minimum annual holiday entitlement: Five weeks(Danish Holiday Act) + public holidays.
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7/30/2019 European Industrial Climates & Legal Framework
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Estonia
Industrial relations climate
Freedom of association guaranteed bylaw/constitution? Yes.
Collective agreements? Yes, but only covers 15% ofworkforce.
Proportion of workforce in trade unions: 10%
Legal protection from discrimination against union
members? Yes (Labour Code). Unions have right to strike? Yes (but not public
servants).
State mediation on disputes? Yes.
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7/30/2019 European Industrial Climates & Legal Framework
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Legal employment framework
Minimum working age: 18, but between 15 and 17with parental consent for normal daywork.
Statutory minimum wage? Yes but low.
Standard workweek: 40 hours.
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7/30/2019 European Industrial Climates & Legal Framework
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to be continued.
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Aspirasi dan berdasarkan gambar yg diberi.