european ippc bureau seminar on metallurgy and ippc permit – belgrade, 08 december 2011 1...

European IPPC BureauSeminar on Metallurgy and IPPC Permit – Belgrade, 08 December 2011 1

Implementation of best available techniques (BAT)under the new

European Union Industrial Emissions (Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control) Directive

A step forward for controlling pollution from industrial activities

Ivan JankovEuropean IPPC Bureau

Sustainable Production and Consumption Unit Joint Research Centre – Institute for Prospective Technological Studies


European IPPC Bureau (EIPPCB)

20 staff within the Sustainable Production and Consumption (SPC) Unit of the Institute for Prospective

Technological Studies (IPTS)


What is an EU Directive?

A Directive lays down the aims, scope and key requirements that the Member States must transpose into their national legislation

It does not prescribe all details – many detailed issues must be determined by the Member States themselves, e.g. limit values, permit fees, inspections, penalties for breaches

Member States free to:

extend scope of activities covered

implement before Directive deadlines

superimpose national policies / impose stricter requirements

choose different permitting procedures


Evolution of the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) regulatory framework

Council Directive 96/61/EC of 24 September 1996

concerning integrated pollution prevention and control

Directive 2008/1/EC of 15 January 2008

concerning integrated pollution prevention and control

(Codified version)

Directive 2010/75/EU of 24 November 2010

on industrial emissions

(integrated pollution prevention and control) (Recast)


IED amends a number of EU legislations

It amends existing legislation concerning industrial emissions:

Large Combustion Plants (LCP) Directive 2001/80/EC

Waste Incineration (WI) Directive 2000/76/EC

Directive on VOC emissions from solvents 1999/13/EC

Directives related to the titanium dioxide industry 78/176/EEC, 82/883/EEC and 92/112/EEC

European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR) Regulation 166/2006


Annex 1 to the IED

~ 50 000 IPPC installations in Europe

Wide range of industrial activities listed:Energy industries – LCP, refineriesProduction and processing of metalsMineral industries

• Cement, lime, glass, ceramics

Production of chemicals Waste management industries

• Incineration• Some recovery or disposal operations

‘Other’ industries:• Pulp and paper, textile processing• Tanning of hides and skins• Intensive farming of pigs and poultry, slaughterhouses and animal by-product

processing, food drink and milk processing, surface treatment using solvents


Other related legislation

Seveso Directive (industrial accidents)

Water Framework Directive (quality standards for 41 priority substances)

Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive (for municipal sewage)

Air Quality Directive (quality standards for NOX, SO2, PM, lead, benzene, CO)

National Emission Ceilings Directive (national total emission controls for NOX, SO2, VOCs, ammonia)

Landfill Directive (technical requirements for landfills)

Environmental Liability Directive (in the case of environmental damage)

EMAS Regulation (voluntary environmental management, audit and reporting scheme)


Key instrument for minimising emissions and consumptions from most industrial activities.

General framework:

The purpose is to prevent and, if not feasible, reduce pollution from industrial activities;

Achieve a high level of protection for the environment as a whole (avoiding shifting pollution from one environmental medium to another);

Installations must be operated according to an integrated permit issued by competent authorities, containing emission limit values based on Best Available Techniques (BAT).

The Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control System


Definition of BAT

Best Most effective in achieving a high general level of protection of the environment as a whole;

Available Developed on a scale which allows implementation in the relevant industrial sector, under economically and technically viable conditions;

Techniques Both the technology used and the way in which the installation is designed, built, maintained, operated and decommissioned.

Note: in determining BAT, special consideration should be given to the criteria listed in Annex III of IED


‘BAT reference documents’ (BREFs)

Provide ‘BAT conclusions’ which shall be the reference for setting permit conditions

Structured and prepared on the basis of established guidelines

Based on an intensive exchange of information on:

the performance of installations and techniques in terms of emissions and consumptions, etc.

the techniques used, associated monitoring, economic and technical viability, etc.

best available techniques and emerging techniques identified after considering all the issues concerned


Industrial Emission Directive (IED) operating scheme

Prevention and control of pollution arising

from industrial installations

Application of the best available techniques (BAT)

described in BAT reference documents (BREFs)

BAT-based permit and emission limit values

Industrial Emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control) Directive

1 legislation

35 BREFs

~50 000 installations


TWG• Industry

• Member States• NGOs

• Commission

TWG• Industry


• Commission

TWG• Industry


• Commission

TWG• Industry


• Commission

Purpose and actors (1)

Article 13 Forum

35 Technical Working Groups (TWG)


Article 75 Committee

TWG members:• Collect and exchange information• Provide expert opinions• Contribute to discussions• Participate in TWG meetings• Comment on BREF drafts


TWG• Industry


• Commission

TWG• Industry


• Commission

TWG• Industry


• Commission

TWG• Industry


• Commission


Article 13 Forum



Article 75 CommitteeEIPPCB: •Steer exchange of information and work of TWG•Analyse / validate information from TWG•Actively participate in collection of information•Propose draft texts for BREF•Present BREF at the Forum


TWG• Industry


• Commission

TWG• Industry


• Commission

TWG• Industry


• Commission

TWG• Industry


• Commission


Article 13 Forum



Article 75 Committee Forum:•Oversee exchange of information•Nominate experts to TWG•Give opinion on the BREFs•Give opinion on the guidance documents•Advise on EIPPCB work programme


TWG• Industry


• Commission

TWG• Industry


• Commission

TWG• Industry


• Commission

TWG• Industry


• Commission


Article 13 Forum



Article 75 CommitteeCommittee:•Vote on the BAT conclusions•Vote on the guidance documents


Industry Member States+ EFTA and Accession Countries

Env. NGOs Commission/EIPPCB

TWGkick-off meeting

Draft 1 (D1)

Draft 2 (D2)

Final TWG meeting

The ‘Sevilla process’

Final draft

Bulk of info. needed(incl. questionnaires)

Comments

BREFBREF

BATBATconclu-conclu-sionssions

• Forum opinion on BREF• Adoption of BAT conclusions through the Committee

BATBATconclu-conclu-sionssions


Information exchange tool: BATIS

TWG scattered around Europe => infrequent face-to-face interactions

Electronic tool: BAT Information System (BATIS)


Dynamic aspects of BAT and review of BREFs

BAT is a dynamic concept, e.g.:

New techniques may emerge;

Science and technology in constant evolution;

New environmental processes are being successfully introduced into the industry;

Costs of techniques change.

Since the elements of BAT change over time, BREFs have to be reviewed and updated as appropriate.

Purpose of a BREF review:

Not to rewrite the whole BREF;

Review new information which may affect BAT;

Correct errors and inconsistencies with other BREFs;

Improve user-friendliness and fill possible gaps.


First series (33 documents) completed in 2007

Review process started:

Cement & Lime (2005); Iron & Steel, Pulp and Paper, Glass (2006); Non-Ferrous Metals, Tanneries, Common Waste Water/Waste Gas (2007); Refineries, Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs, Ferrous Metals (2008); Chlor-Alkali (2009); Large Volume Organic Chemicals (2010); Large Combustion Plants, Wood-based Panels (2011).

Work program 2012 – 2013:

2 reviews start per year;

2012-2013: Wood Preservation with Chemicals Products, Waste Treatments, Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals – Solids and others, Waste Incineration.

Review of BREFs


Review processfor the Iron and Steel Industry BREF


Milestones in the review process for the IS BREFOctober 2005 Activation of the TWG for the review of the Iron and Steel

BREF and submission of TWG wishes

September 2006 TWG kick off meeting

February 2008 First draft of the review of the Iron and Steel BREF (1250 comments received)

July 2009 Second draft of the review of the Iron and Steel BREF (1385 comments received)

January 2010 Third draft of the review of the Iron and Steel BREF

February 2010 Final TWG meeting

April 2010 Fourth draft of the review of the Iron and Steel BREF

October 2010 Fifth draft of the review of the Iron and Steel BREF

June 2011 Final draft of the review of the Iron and Steel BREF

September 2011 Forum opinion on the full BREF including BAT conclusions

November 2011 Adoption of the BAT conclusions by the Committee


Restructuring and rewriting of the document, including:

introduction of 115 new references;

improving or replacing of 160 pictures;

improving and updating of 180 tables.

Assessing and consideration of approximately 3000 comments;

Adoption and modification necessary according to the IED:

95 BAT conclusions in one chapter of the BREF with a new format (including description, applicability)

the BAT conclusions will be a stand-alone document);

adapting of standard texts.

Main updates and changes in the revised IS BREF


This document addresses industrial activities specified in Annex I to the IED, namely:

Activity 1.3: Production of coke;

Activity 2.1: Metal ore (including sulphide ore) roasting and sintering;

Activity 2.2: Production of pig iron or steel (primary and secondary fusion) including continuous casting, with a capacity exceeding 2.5 tonnes per hour.

The document also covers pelletisation plants.

Scope of the IS BREF


Casting /

1

ores

fluxes

coal

BlastFurnace

hot blast

reductantinjection

Basic Oxygen Furnace

Steel products

electric energy

PelletisationPlant

hot metal

oxygen

CokingPlant

SinterPlant

SecondaryMetallurgy

Slag Processing

Rolling /Finishing

Casting /SecondaryMetallurgy

Rolling /Finishing

2scrap

hot metal

Electric ArcFurnace

Scope of the IS BREF


The key environmental issues are:

the reduction of emissions to air and water;

efficient energy and raw material usage;

minimisation, recovery and the recycling of process residues;

effective environmental and energy management systems;

nuisance by noise emissions.

The key environmental issues in IS Production


Preface

Scope

Chapter 1: General Information

(Steel production related data and key environmental issues)

Chapter 2: General processes and techniques

Chapter 3: Sinter plants

Chapter 4: Pelletisation plants

Chapter 5: Coke oven plants

Chapter 6: Blast furnaces

Chapter 7: Basic oxygen steelmaking and casting

Chapter 8: Electric arc steelmaking and casting

Structure of the revised IS BREF

Section 1- Applied processes and techniques

Section 2- Current consumption and emission levels

Section 3- Techniques to consider in the determination of BAT

EMS, LCP, materials and water

management, monitoring, noise


Chapter 9: BAT conclusions for iron and steel production

Chapter 10: Alternative ironmaking techniques

Chapter 11: Emerging techniques (related to chapter 2 – 8)

Chapter 12: Concluding remarks and recommendations

References

Glossary

Chapter 13: Annexes

Structure of the revised IS BREF


Example for BAT conclusions: Sinter strand


Sinter plants are the major source for dust, heavy metal and dioxin emissions in IS production from ores

Untreated waste gases from sinter plants are characterized by:

high content of fine particles;

high concentrations of dioxins, Hg, SO2, HF and HCl;

high specific dust resistivity due to high alkaline content.



Typical system arrangement for control of dust, PDCC/F, HCl, HF and SOx emissions

Additives

required:pre -dedusting

Option:

• return tosinter strand

• treatment• disposal

sinter strand

waste gas suction

mixing drum

• Disposal• treatment• return to

sinter strand

Cyclone

ESP

Bag filter

required:

filter internal dust return

optional:pre-dedusting

Option:

• return tosinter strand

• treatment• disposal

sinter strand

waste gas suction

mixing drum

• Disposal• Return to sinter strand

Cyclone

ESP

Cyclone

ESP Bag filter

required:

filter internal dust return

Additive

injection Stack

Lim

e

(HC

l, HF

, precoating)

Ca

rbo

n a

dd

itive

(PC

DD

/F, H

g)

Wa

ter, lim

e

(SO

2 )



20. BAT for primary emissions from sinter plants is to reduce dust emissions from the sinter strand waste gas by means of a bag filter.

BAT for primary emissions for existing plants is to reduce dust emissions from the sinter strand waste gas by using advanced electrostatic precipitators when bag filters are not applicable.

The BAT-associated emission level for dust is <1 – 15 mg/Nm3 for the bag filter and <20 – 40 mg/Nm3 for the advanced electrostatic precipitator (which should be designed and operated to achieve these values), both determined as a daily mean value.

Bag Filter

Description: Bag filters used in sinter plants are usually applied downstream of an existing electrostatic precipitator or cyclone but can also be operated as a standalone device.

Applicability: For existing plants requirements such as space for a downstream installation to the electrostatic precipitator can be relevant. Special regard should be given to the age and the performance of the existing electrostatic precipitator.

Example for BAT conclusions:Reduction of dust emissions from sinter strands


25. BAT for primary emissions from sinter strands is to reduce emissions of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/furans (PCDD/F) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) by using injection of adequate adsorption agents into the waste gas duct of the sinter strand before dedusting with a bag filter or advanced electrostatic precipitators when bag filters are not applicable.

The BAT- associated emissions level for polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/furans (PCDD/F) is <0.05 – 0.2 ng I-TEQ/Nm3 for the bag filter and <0.2 – 0.4 ng-I-TEQ/Nm3 for the advanced electrostatic precipitator, both determined for a 6 – 8 hour random sample under steady-state conditions.

Example for BAT conclusions:Reduction of dioxin emissions from sinter strands


Example for BAT conclusions: Electric Arc Furnace


Typical system arrangement for control of dust and PDCC/F emissions

Example for BAT conclusions: Electric Arc Furnace


89. BAT for the electric arc furnace (EAF) primary and secondary dedusting (including scrap preheating, charging, melting, tapping, ladle furnace and secondary metallurgy) is to achieve an efficient extraction of dust emissions from all emission sources by using one of the techniques listed below and to use subsequent dedusting by means of a bag filter:

I. a combination of direct off-gas extraction (4th or 2nd hole) and hood systems

II. direct gas extraction and doghouse systems

III. direct gas extraction and total building evacuation (low-capacity electric arc furnaces (EAF) may not require direct gas extraction to achieve the same extraction efficiency).

The overall average collection efficiency associated with BAT is >98 %.

The BAT-associated emission level for dust is <5 mg/Nm3, determined as a daily mean value.

Example for BAT conclusions:Reduction of dust emissions from electric arc furnace


90. BAT for the electric arc furnace (EAF) primary and secondary dedusting (including scrap preheating, charging, melting, tapping, ladle furnace and secondary metallurgy) is to prevent and reduce polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/furans (PCDD/F) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) emissions by avoiding, as much as possible, raw materials which contain PCDD/F and PCB or their precursors (see BAT 6 and 7) and using one or a combination of the following techniques in conjunction with an appropriate dust removal system: I. appropriate post-combustion Applicability of BAT I: In existing plants, circumstances like available space, given off-gas duct system, etc. need to be taken into consideration for assessing the applicability. II. appropriate rapid quenching III. injection of adequate adsorption agents into the duct before dedusting.The BAT-associated emission level for polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/furans (PCDD/F) is <0.1 ng I-TEQ/Nm3, based on a 6 – 8 hour random sample during steady-state conditions. In some cases, the BAT-associated emission level can be achieved with primary measures only.

Example for BAT conclusions:Reduction of dioxin emissions from electric arc furnace


Thank you for your attention

European IPPC Bureau

[email protected]

Tel.: +34 954 488 250

http://eippcb.jrc.es

European IPPC Bureau

european ippc bureau seminar on metallurgy and ippc permit – belgrade, 08 december 2011 1...

Documents

ippc installations

ippc permit belgrade

european ippc bureau

control directive

european ippc bureau

eu directive

directive deadlines

integrated permit