european marine infrastructures: perspectives for marine ...€¦ · eg2 – large scale array...

EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23

European Marine Infrastructures: European Marine Infrastructures: Perspectives Perspectives

for Marine and Earth Sciences for Marine and Earth Sciences

(1) Istituto Naz. di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Italy

(2) European Science Foundation

(3) IFREMER, France

(4) Universiteit van Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Paolo Favali (1), Laura Beranzoli (1), Paul Egerton (2), Pierre Yves Le Traon (3) & Wouter Los (4)


ESFRIESFRI acts on issues related to the development of high scientific quality European research infrastructures. ESFRI ESFRI gives national authorities the opportunity to exchange news and to explore common and integrated initiatives for the best development and use of research infrastructures of European relevance

ESFRIESFRI mission is to support a coherent and strategy-led approach to policy-making on new and existing pan-European and global research infrastructures

http://cordis.europa.eu/esfri/roadmap.htm

Roadmap 2008 Roadmap 2008 ((44 Projects)44 Projects)


4444Total*(*10 new projects in the Roadmap 2008 with respect to 2006)

1e-Infrastructures 8Physical Sciences & Engineering6Materials & Analytical Facilities

10Biological & Medical Sciences4Energy

10Environmental Sciences5Social Sciences & Humanities

N. projectsScientific fieldsRoadmap 2008Roadmap 2008



DefinitionsDefinitions• European Research Infrastructures (ERI) can

adopt either a single site (SI) or a multiple site structure according to their specific characteristics and mission

• An ERI structured with multiple site is defined as “Distributed Infrastructure” (DI)

• Each ERI has a unique legal status, management structure, strategy and development plan



Environmental SciencesEnvironmental SciencesThe Environmental Sciences need a wide range of research infrastructures that involve complex systems and human interactions

Measurements range across Physics, Chemistry, Biology & Geosciences in the domains of Atmosphere, Solid Earth, Biodiversity and Climate Change

Measurements and monitoring are required from: - fixed platforms (e.g., ground-based radar, land and seafloorobservatories)

- mobile platforms (e.g., research ships and aircraft, satellites,buoys)



Environmental SciencesEnvironmental SciencesMarine Infrastructures in Preparatory Phase

AURORA BOREALIS (SI) European Research Icebreaker Consortium

EURO-ARGO (DI) Global Ocean Observing Infrastructure

LIFEWATCH (DI) e-Science and technology infrastructure forbiodiversity data and observatories

EMSO (DI) European Multidisciplinary Seafloor Observatory

Related Infrastructures(Roadmap 2008 new entries, calls open in 2009)

EPOS (DI) European Plate Observing System

SIOS (SI) Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System

http://cordis.europa.eu/esfri/roadmap.htmSI = Single InfrastructureDI = Distributed Infrastructure


Preparatory Phase (2007-2012): 10 Countries (15 Partners)in ERICON - European Research Icebreaker Consortium

AURORA BOREALIS

http://www.eri-aurora-borealis.eu/


Funded by:

AURORAAURORA BOREALISBOREALIS

Towards a European strategy for enhancing research engagement in the Arctic


March 2008 Keynote paper Javier Solana to Council of the European Union onClimate Change and International security

Outlines the Climate Induced ‘Threats’ andProposes enhanced Capacities of the EU level

EU multilateral leadershipto promote global climate Security

Policy Relevance of the Arctic


AURORA BOREALISAURORA BOREALISAs a European Mobile Pan Arctic Observing platform from Seabed to Atmosphere (Holistic integration of Climate, Geo-science, Bio-systems) Pan-Arctic Observing system

ERICON is preparing the strategic, scientific, legal and financial frameworks for implementation

Weight: 50,000 tonsLength: 200 mDrilling capability: 100-5000 m


Environmental Environmental MonitoringMonitoring

Climate ForcingClimate ForcingLife response to Life response to

changeschanges

Modelling and Modelling and forecastforecast

Past climate evolutionPast climate evolution

Understanding CHANGESPolar research and the properties of northern and southern high latitude oceans are subjects of intense scientific and environmental attention, since the Polar regions react more rapidly and intensely to global changes than other regions of the Earth

Aurora Borealis allows to carry over the study of climatic changes into the main topics which are required for understanding them


EUROPICS will coordinate the European input to international ice coring initiatives in both the Greenland and the Antarctic under the umbrella of the European Polar Board

European ice coring and drilling infrastructures

The main objective of ANDRILL is to drill back in time for understanding of how fast, how large, and how frequent were glacial and interglacial changes in the Antarctica region

EUROANDRILL will continue its focus on Antarctica but is also considering the potentialities of this platform for drilling activities in the Arctic region


Svalbard Integrated Arctic Observing System

International existing and planned polar networks


SIOS

Contribution to other ESFRI Infrastructures

COPAL

EURO-ARGO

EMSO

LIFEWATCHICOS

EPOS

SIOS


Preparatory Phase (2008-2010): 12 Countries (15 Partners)

EURO-ARGOGlobal Ocean Observing Infrastructure

http://www.euro-argo.eu/


The EURO-ARGO array is the European component of a world wide in situ global ocean observing system ARGO, based on autonomousprofiling floats

The ARGO objective is to develop a global array of floats (spaced 300 km apart, on average) throughout the ice-free areas of the deep ocean. (3,000 floats are estimated to reach this objective).

Europe contributes to ARGO with about 250 floats per year includingregional enhancements in Nordic, Mediterranean & Black Seas

EURO-ARGO


Autonomous profiling floats


EURO- ARGO Objectives• Deploy, operate and maintain the array

- Coordinate operations at sea: logistics, ships, instruments

• Data management- Quality control to exacting climate standards

• Facilitate data access to the scientific community- Elaborate data products and synthesis (climatology, indicators on state of the global environment)- European excellence and expertise in climate research

• Technological developments- New sensors, new platforms, data transmission, upgrades- With European SME’s


Maintaining the array for the next decades is the challenge for ARGO. This isessential for climate and operational oceanography applications

(GMES Marine Core Service)

The Background ARGO: the first global in-situ ocean observing system

> 3000 robotic floats worlwide for temperature and salinity down to 2000 m


Mapping of deep currents Sea level rise and steric effect

T and S large scale variations

Change in ocean heat content (W/m²) (2003-2007) derived from ARGO data

ARGO contribution to Climate change research

Heat content and global warming


Operational monitoring systemsMarine Core Service (MCS)

Combining in-situ and satellite data with models to deliver regular and systematic reference information on the state of the oceans and regional seas

ARGO is an essential/critical component of GMES MCS

Physical state of the ocean, and primary ecosystemFor global ocean, and main European basins and seasLarge and basin scale, mesoscale physicsHindcast, Nowcast, ForecastData, Assimilation and Models


http://www.lifewatch.eu/

Science and technology infrastructure for biodiversity data and observatories

Preparatory Phase (2008-2011): 19 Countries (19 Partners), 8 Networks


ALTERNett - A Long-Term Biodiversity, Ecosystem and Awareness Research Network

8 Networks8 Networks

MARBEF-NoE - MARine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning

EUR-OCEANS - European Network of Excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis

Marine Genomics

BioCASE - Biological Collection Access Services

EDIT - European Distributed Institute of Taxonomy

ENBI - European Network for Biodiversity Information

SYNTHESIS – Synthesis of systematic resources

LifeWatch is aninitiative of 8

cooperating European scientific networks in

the realm of biodiversity research


The big questions in biodiversity research

Scale

Ecosystems

Species

DNA, proteins

and genes

Time andevolution


Even more pressing questions

Biodiversity loss, added to climate change, requires entirely new approaches and mitigation strategies

We need forecasts, and measure future changes of the biodiversity system


Infrastructure

Observatories anddata providers

Data access & interoperability

Analytical andModeling tools

Applications

Genomics data

Species-level data

Ecosystem data

data functions


EDIT Network of Excellence European Distributed Institute of Taxonomy

• Infrastructure of (marine) collections

• Cybertaxonomydevelopment

• All taxa biodiversity inventories

• Training

http://www.e-taxonomy.eu/


EUR-OCEANSEuropean Network of Excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis

Global change and pelagic marine ecosystems

• Sharing facilities• Observing systems• Database network• Global Ocean and Earth system

modeling

http://www.eur-oceans.eu/


MARBEF Network of Excellence Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning• Pooling of marine

reference and focal sites• Access of resources• Specialist training• Integration of information

systems

http://www.marbef.org/


Marine Genomics Network of Excellence

• High throughput genomics• Development of a common

infrastructure• Training & Education

http://www.marine-genomics-europe.org/


http://www.esonet-emso.org/emso/

Preparatory Phase (2008-2012): 12 Countries (12 Partners)


EMSO is an European-scale network of seafloor observatories (cabled & acoustically linked), constituting a widely distributed infrastructure for long-term monitoring of environmental processes related to ecosystem life and evolution, global changes and geo-hazards

ArcticArcticNorwegian Margin Norwegian Margin

PorcupinePorcupine

AzoresAzoresBlack SeaBlack Sea

HellenicHellenic

Ligurian SeaLigurian Sea

Iberian MarginIberian Margin Eastern SicilyEastern Sicily

Nordic SeaNordic Sea

Marmara Marmara

In the EC-FP7 EMSO

Preparatory Phasestarted in April 2008 for 4 years, with the aim to design and

create the legal entity in charge of managing

the infrastructure

EMSOEMSO 11 network nodes


FP6FP6--ESONETESONETEuropean Seas Observatory NETworkEuropean Seas Observatory NETwork

Concerted Action (2002-2004)Network of Excellence (2007-2011)

Major aims:

• Selection of “Key-sites”

• Integration of the scientific/technological “Observatory Science” Community

http://www.esonet-emso.org/esonet-noe/


ESONET/EMSOESONET/EMSO

Scientific Scientific ObjectivesObjectives


ScientificScientific payloadpayload usedused in in seafloorseafloor observatoriesobservatories• Geophysical sensors:

• Broad-band three comp. seismometer• Three comp. accelerometer• Magnetometers (vectorial & scalar) • Gravity meter• Hydrophones (geophysical & bio-acoustic applications) • Pressure sensors (absolute & differential pressure gauges) • Tiltmeter + Gyro

• Physical Oceanographic sensors:• ADCP (acoustic doppler current profiler)• Single-point three comp. current meter • CTD (conductivity, temperature vs depth)• Transmissometer & Turbidity meter • Nuclear spectrometer

• Geochemical sensors:• Gas sensors (e.g., H2S, CH4, O2 )• Automatic chemical analyser (pH, eH) • Automatic water sampler (48 bottles, off-line)

UniqueUnique time time referencereferenceHigh precision clock(stability 10-9 ÷ 10-11)

Favali et al., 2006b; Favali & Beranzoli, 2006; 2009b

GEOSTARGEOSTAR

MODUSMODUS


MACHO (Taiwan)

Worldwide Seafloor Network projects


EMSOEMSO will benefit of the on-going ESONET demonstration missions and S&T activities to progress towards “permanent” installations

Mainly:

Geo-Hazards

Climate change & Ecosystem


EMSO Iberian Margin site EMSO Iberian Margin site Acoustically linked observatoryAcoustically linked observatory

NEARESTNEAREST EC Project (2006EC Project (2006--2009)2009)IIntegrated observation from ntegrated observation from NEARNEAR shore shore sourcsourcESES of of TTsunamis: towards an early warning system sunamis: towards an early warning system

GEOSTARGEOSTAR

Gulf of Cadiz 85 km off-shore 3200 m w.d.

Portugal

N-E Atlantic

((http:// http:// nearest.bo.ismar.cnr.itnearest.bo.ismar.cnr.it/)/)APG (raw data)

SISM

ACC

ML=4.7 Gulf of Cadiz (Jan. 11, 2008)


Optical sensors

Electronic vessels

EMSO Eastern Sicily nodeNEMONEMO--SN1SN1

The 1st real-time cabled seafloor observatory in EUROPE

INGVINGV

Favali et al, 2006a; Migneco et al., 2006

Mw=8.6 off-shore Sumatra (March 28, 2005)

Z

N

E

Synergies between 2 ESFRIESFRI Infrastructures: KM3NET/EMSOKM3NET/EMSO


RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE AND ERESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE AND E--SCIENCE SCIENCE FOR DATA AND OBSERVATORIES ON FOR DATA AND OBSERVATORIES ON

EARTHQUAKES, VOLCANOES, EARTHQUAKES, VOLCANOES, SURFACE DYNAMICS SURFACE DYNAMICS

AND TECTONICSAND TECTONICS

www.epos-eu.org

Seismic Hazard Map

Partnership: 13 Countries & 2 International Organisations


EPOS aims to create a single sustainable, permanent and distributed infrastructure, integrating:

• geophysical monitoring networks• local observatories (including permanent

in-situ and volcano observatories) • experimental laboratories in Europe

EPOS will give open access to geophysical and geological data and modelling tools, enabling a step change in multidisciplinary scientific research into areas, including seismic and volcanic hazards, environmental changes as well as energy and long-term sustainability that result in benefits to society

What is EPOS ?


EMSO: Ocean observation infrastructure

Satellite observation infrastructure

European Plate Observing SystemUse

rIn

terfa

ce

Permanent Networks(NERIES)

Temporarydeployments

In-situobservatories

Volcanoobservatories

Labs Rock Mechanics

Computationalfacilities

Lab AnalogueModelling

Infrastructure concept

……..

……..Data mining,archives

Ocean Bottom Seismometers – EMSO

Marine Geophysics (tsunami hazard, volcanology……

Space Observations DInSar – GMES….

Volcano Ash Dispersal.GEOSS……..


Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System

(SIOS)

Partnership: 11 Countries (20 Partners)

http://www.forskningsradet.no/sios/

SIOS


The goal of SIOS

Establish an Arctic Earth Observing System in and around Svalbard that integrates the studies of geophysical, chemical and biological processes from all research and monitoring platforms

SIOS is an opportunity for Europe to establish the central node in the global monitoring of the High Arctic

SIOS


Why Svalbard: Unique qualifications• Excellent

opportunities for studies of ecosystem changes

• Well positioned to observe and analyse the changing Arctic ice cover

• Well positioned to study the energy balance in the atmosphere

• The location provides for dense satellite monitoring

SIOS


Why SIOS?

• Environmental and climate related challenges require an Earth System approach

• Observation systems have not been developed with the same systematic approach as Earth System modeling

• SIOS will secure the heritage of IPY and further develop the data series of the High Arctic

• The marine side is in common with EMSO (Arctic node, Hausgarten)

SIOS


European Research Infrastructures are fundamental tools for Earth & Environmental Sciences

To strengthen the links and the coordination among S&T activities of the different infrastructures assures a higher quality and societal impact of the expected achievements

This increases the competitiveness of ERA and provides valuable “answers” to end-users and policy decision-makers

Perspectives


Thank you Thank you for your attentionfor your attention

Paolo Favali & Laura Beranzoli: [email protected] Egerton: [email protected]

Pierre Yves Le Traon: [email protected] Los: [email protected]

european marine infrastructures: perspectives for marine ...€¦ · eg2 – large scale array...

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