european union – 2005
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The experience of a new country with EU policies in the field of Higher Education and Research: The Case of Hungary Prof. György BAZSA President, Hungarian Higher Education and Research Council ES M U General Assembly 4 March, 2005. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The experience of a new country with EU The experience of a new country with EU policies in the field of Higher Education policies in the field of Higher Education
and Research: The Case of Hungaryand Research: The Case of Hungary
Prof. György BAZSAPresident, Hungarian Higher Education
and Research Council
ESMU General Assembly4 March, 2005.
1. Mai 2004: Enlargement of the European Union 15 + 10 = 25 countries under the blue flag, under the umbrella of the new EU Constitution
Historical event
• for Europe: end of (in Jalta) divided Europe
• for the tens: political, organisational, cultural and economic (re)union with western civilization
• for the world: a stronger corner of the competi-tive triangle world (USA – far East – Europe).
Otherwise: continuing thousand years long coexistence and co-operation – in peace
European Union – 2005
European policies in Higher Education and and Research:
• European Higher Education AreaEuropean Higher Education Area
• European Research Area (incl. FPs)European Research Area (incl. FPs)
two pillars of the knowledge based society
EHEAEHEA: Bologna Declaration (1999) → Prag → Berlin → Bergen → 2010 (funded and managed mainly by member states)
ERAERA: Lisbon Declaration (2000) – Barcelona (3%) 2010 – „a most competitive Europe” (funded and managed mainly by the EU)
Hungary – 10 millions, 9th in population of 25
Hungarian scientists in the 20th century
• Nobel-laureates: Bárány (med), Szent-Györgyi (Vitamin-C), Hevessy (chem), Wigner (phys), Gábor (laser), Oláh (chem), Harsányi (econ), Herschko (biochem)
• Neumann (comp), Teller, Szilárd (nucl. ph.)
• Eötvös (phys), Kármán (aviation), Kandó (techn.),
• (Bolyai), Fejér, Riesz, Polya (math)
Hungarian Higher Education:
• based on 12 years obligatory public education • two tears, non-linear degree system + PhD• 18 state, 5 church, 2 private universities• 12 state, 23 church, 11 private colleges• ~ 200.000 state funded, ~ 200.000 fee paying
students (fee is politically mismatched)• European (mainly German) tradition (lot of pe-
regrinations), orientation and level (TEMPUS)
Legal framework: Law 1993 on Higher Education
Hungarian research, development,innovation
Three tears:• higher education – [2/3] – Min. of Education• research institutes of the Hungarian Academy
of Sciences (HAS) and those of the State• applied research centres of the economy
(industry, multinational firms, etc.)
Legal framework:
• Law 1994 on HAS (autonomous public body)
• Law 2004 on Research, Development and Technological Innovation (National Office of Research and Development)
Role of universities
Comission of European Communities Brussels, 05.02.2003 - COM(2003) 58 final
„The role of the universities in the Europe of knowledge”
European University AssociationGraz Declaration (July, 2003, EUA)
„Forward from Berlin: the Role of the Universities”
• consolidating research as an integral part of HE
Hungary: research is an integral part of universities. • less efforts of Rector’s Conference and Min. Ed.• strongly forced by the Hun. Accreditation Comm.
Financing: ~1% of GDP
• unfortunately not increasing
• mainly state funded, less private funds
• grant systems exist (OTKA, MÜFA etc.)
• tendency of concentrated supports
• forcing and supporting academic + profes-sional co-operations (R+D+I)
The 6th framework programme – 2002–2006
Aim: realising ERA
Proposal: February 2001
Hungary joints: October 2002
First applications: December 2002
17,5 billion € [= 3.9% of EU budget in 2001]
1 May, 2004: + 2,5 billion € for new members
Hungary:
• active, successful scientific participation,
• regular surplus against payments
7th Frameworks Programme (2007-2013)
• Creating European centres of excellence through collaboration between laboratories
• Launching European technological initiatives • Stimulating the creativity of basic research
through competition between teams at European level
• Making Europe more attractive to the best researchers
• Developing research infrastructure of European interest
• Improving the coordination of national research programmes
• 2 new areas: space and security.
7th Framework programme – full right Hungarian membership and participation
Vital role in raising the share of R+D in constrained Hungarian national budget.
The Hungarian scientific community is preparing itself for further successful participation.
(Hungarian) National Development Plan II: involves R+D developments and (co)sources
[Prof. Norbert KROÓ’s lecture at HAS today: Where to go European (Hungarian) Science?]
European Higher Education Area
European common actions (Bologna → Prag → Berlin → Bergen) are well known. ???
Hungary’s participation:
• from the beginning active role (Hungary signed the Bologna Declaration)
• long domestic delay between 1999-2002 in the preparation and introduction
• 1992: new government – broader reform programme in the higher education
Reform elements of the new HE law
a) frontal introduction of the new linear three-cycle system
b) changes of institutional management
c) changes in state functions
d) reforms in institutional budgetinge) recognition of degrees and study periods
f) introduction of diploma supplement
g) development quality assurance systems
h) promotion of mobility
i) promotion of the European dimension
j) life long learning
a) frontal introduction of the new linear three-cycle system (B → M → PhD)
• firstly delayed, then too rapid preparation
• entire introduction (in 2005 or 2006)
• exceptions: medical and law programmes
• „more or less”: more renaming of old prog- rammes, less new concepts
• uniform B-programmes, without different orientations (cf. Berlin Communiqué)
• till today: nearly nothing about M-cycle
• PhD fits well in European practice
6 semesters /180 creditsDoctor degree
PhD
U
nd
ivid
ed
st
ud
ies
4 semesters /120 creditsMaster degrees
6 semesters /180 (+30) creditsBachelor degrees
4 semesters / 120 credits„community colleges”
Planned structure of higher education
b) changes of institutional managementSeparation of academic and management / financial
decisions: it is the „big deal”
• Board (of Governors): the executive governing body. 7 external members: 5 elected by the Se-nate, 2 by the minister [9/6/3]. No politicians!
• Rector: the chief executive officer. President of the Board. He has a general responsibility to the Board for the organisation, direction and mana-gement. Elected by the Board with 5+1 votes.
• Senate: draws its membership entirely from the staff and the students* (*1/4 – 1/3). Issues rela-ting to the teaching, research and personnel.
c) changes in state functions
Minister of Education: • legal supervision of HEI-s
• distribution of state funded places
• legalisation of accreditation evaluations
• allocation of development funds based on HEI’s development plans
Board (some rights from the Minister): • all institutional strategic decisions (some
serious ones expected in the near future)
• integration, merge, closing of institutions
d) reforms in institutional budget statusComponents of normative (formula) funding:
• number of student
• research performance
• maintenance costs
Special state-budget status: more flexible, less constrains
• separate bank account and free use of institutional income (besides treasury)
• activities mostly tax-free
• own property besides state property
Further elements of the reform:
• recognition of degrees and study periods
• introduction of diploma supplement (new!)
• development of quality assurance systems (Hung. Accr. Comm. is a good bases)
• promotion of mobility
• promotion of the European dimension (new!)
• life long learning (a lot of second degrees)
• public–private partnership developments(dormitories, infrastructure)
• recruiting more fee paying foreign students
Foreign students in Hungary: to be increased (Campus Hungary)
8 556 8 605
9 401
2 955 2 9633 295
0
1 000
2 000
3 000
4 000
5 000
6 000
7 000
8 000
9 000
10 000
2001/2002 2002/2003 2003/2004
Összes külföldi Ebből angol ill. német nyelven tanuló kölségtérítéses
blue: total; red: English and German programmes
Foreign students in Hungary
6990
233 1831
32022
5
Európa Afrika Észak-Amerika Dél-Amerika Ázsia Óceánia
Summary:
Hungary, like most of the new member states feels itself at home in the EU research and higher educational area.
There are many things to do both in Hungary and in the EU for the most competitive Europe and the knowledge based society.
Thank you for your kind attention!