Europeans Compete in North Europeans Compete in North America?America?

EQ: How did Spain, who started off so EQ: How did Spain, who started off so strong, get booted from being the most strong, get booted from being the most powerful European Power in the New World?powerful European Power in the New World?

Europeans Compete in North Europeans Compete in North America America

John Cabot, an John Cabot, an Italian native, began Italian native, began to explore for to explore for England and left for England and left for the North Atlantic in the North Atlantic in May 1497May 1497

He explored He explored Newfoundland and Newfoundland and may have explored may have explored Chesapeake Bay, we Chesapeake Bay, we do not know because do not know because his ship disappearedhis ship disappeared

Europeans Compete in North Europeans Compete in North America America

England, France and Holland England, France and Holland realized that the new lands realized that the new lands were not Asia and began to were not Asia and began to look for the Northwest look for the Northwest Passage. Passage.

In 1524, Giovanni da Verrazano, In 1524, Giovanni da Verrazano, searched for the passage for searched for the passage for France. France. He explored from North Carolina He explored from North Carolina

to Newfoundland. to Newfoundland. Jacque Cartier also made three Jacque Cartier also made three

trips to the New World from trips to the New World from France, he discovered the St. France, he discovered the St. Lawrence River and went up to Lawrence River and went up to MontrealMontreal

Europeans Compete in North Europeans Compete in North America America

By 1530, Europe had By 1530, Europe had been split between been split between the Roman Catholic the Roman Catholic Church and the Church and the Protestant Church.Protestant Church.

England had England had become become Protestant Protestant because the King because the King wanted a divorce wanted a divorce and the Catholic and the Catholic Church would not Church would not allow it. allow it.

Europeans Compete in North Europeans Compete in North America America

Religious tensions Religious tensions caused uncertainty, caused uncertainty, which made which made European leaders to European leaders to think that they could think that they could not trust each other. not trust each other.

This led to This led to mercantilismmercantilism, or the , or the use of the colonies to use of the colonies to benefit the home benefit the home country in Europe.country in Europe.

Europeans Compete in North Europeans Compete in North America America

After a series of deaths After a series of deaths in the royalty of in the royalty of England, Protestant England, Protestant Queen Elizabeth I Queen Elizabeth I restarted the rivalry restarted the rivalry with Roman Catholic with Roman Catholic Spain. Spain.

A great deal of internal A great deal of internal strife within England strife within England prevented them from prevented them from getting too involved getting too involved with early explorations with early explorations of The Americas. They of The Americas. They did some, but not as did some, but not as much as the Spanish.much as the Spanish.

Spanish ArmadaSpanish Armada

Spanish ArmadaSpanish Armada In 1588, Catholic Spain sends a whole fleet to In 1588, Catholic Spain sends a whole fleet to

Protestant England, in an attempt to invade Protestant England, in an attempt to invade England with an Army.England with an Army.

The Spanish Fleet was bigger and more The Spanish Fleet was bigger and more powerful, but slower. They ran aground on powerful, but slower. They ran aground on sandbars in the England Channel and were sandbars in the England Channel and were slaughtered by the English Navy.slaughtered by the English Navy.

The defeat of the Spanish Armada marks a The defeat of the Spanish Armada marks a MASSIVE shift of power in Europe. How do MASSIVE shift of power in Europe. How do you think this affects colonization of the you think this affects colonization of the Americas?Americas?

Europeans Compete in North Europeans Compete in North America America

English explorer, Henry English explorer, Henry Hudson, made four Hudson, made four voyages to find the North voyages to find the North West Passage. West Passage.

By 1609, he reached New By 1609, he reached New York and what is now the York and what is now the Hudson RiverHudson River

On his fourth trip, his crew On his fourth trip, his crew was very unhappy with the was very unhappy with the icy waters they found icy waters they found themselves in so they themselves in so they mutinied against him, and mutinied against him, and threw him and his son off threw him and his son off the boat.the boat.

France and the Netherlands in France and the Netherlands in North America North America

The French began The French began to settle colonies in to settle colonies in the early 1600’sthe early 1600’s

In 1603, Samuel de In 1603, Samuel de Champlain made his Champlain made his first voyage to the St. first voyage to the St. Lawrence River, Lawrence River, when he returned, he when he returned, he established Quebecestablished Quebec

France and the Netherlands in France and the Netherlands in North America North America

The French were The French were different then the different then the Spanish, in New Spain, Spanish, in New Spain, the Spanish wanted the Spanish wanted gold, silver and gold, silver and precious metals. The precious metals. The French wanted furs and French wanted furs and fishfish

The French traded with The French traded with the Native Americans, the Native Americans, they did not enslave they did not enslave them. them.

Champlain established Champlain established the first trading post, in the first trading post, in Nova Scotia in 1604.Nova Scotia in 1604.

France and the Netherlands in France and the Netherlands in North America North America

It was not until the late It was not until the late 1600’s that the French 1600’s that the French began to farm. began to farm.

In 1670, French In 1670, French missionary Jacque missionary Jacque Marquette founded two Marquette founded two missions along the missions along the Great LakesGreat Lakes

In 1673, Marquette and In 1673, Marquette and Louis Joliet, a trader, Louis Joliet, a trader, found what is now Green found what is now Green Bay, Wisconsin.Bay, Wisconsin. They found the They found the

Mississippi River, and Mississippi River, and traveled down, to the traveled down, to the Arkansas RiverArkansas River

France and the Netherlands in France and the Netherlands in North America North America

The Dutch also The Dutch also claimed land based claimed land based on Henry Hudson. on Henry Hudson.

In 1610, Dutch In 1610, Dutch traders began to traders began to trade with the Native trade with the Native Americans. Americans.

They made so much They made so much money, they set up money, they set up the Dutch West India the Dutch West India CompanyCompany

This land that the This land that the Dutch settled was Dutch settled was called New called New NetherlandNetherland

France and the Netherlands in France and the Netherlands in North America North America

The British wanted this The British wanted this Dutch land because it Dutch land because it prevented the settlers prevented the settlers from moving from moving westward. westward.

The British seized The British seized New Netherland and New Netherland and renamed the renamed the territory New York, territory New York, after the King’s after the King’s brother, the Duke of brother, the Duke of York.York.

France and the Netherlands in France and the Netherlands in North America North America

The Dutch and the The Dutch and the French began to French began to make alliances with make alliances with the Native the Native Americans.Americans.

The French became The French became trading partners with trading partners with the Huron’sthe Huron’s

The Huron’s and The Huron’s and Iroquois were Iroquois were enemies so the enemies so the Dutch became Dutch became trading partners with trading partners with the Iroquois.the Iroquois.

Native Tribes and EuropeansNative Tribes and Europeans

Competing tribes established alliances with Competing tribes established alliances with competing Europeans. For example, if competing Europeans. For example, if Tribe A didn’t like Tribe B, and Tribe A Tribe A didn’t like Tribe B, and Tribe A established an alliance with the French, established an alliance with the French, with whom do you think Tribe B would with whom do you think Tribe B would seek an alliance with?seek an alliance with?

England, Spain, etc…anyone but the same England, Spain, etc…anyone but the same European power Tribe A is aligned with.European power Tribe A is aligned with.