EuroTAAC 2001EuroTAAC 2001

Instructional Design:

Why Should I Care?

EuroTAAC 2001EuroTAAC 2001

Agenda What Is This ISD Stuff? The ADDIE Model Rapid Prototyping A Hybrid Approach Conclusion/Discussion/Q & A

Our First Quote . . . Our First Quote . . .

All people who have turned out worth anything have had the chief hand in their education.

– Sir Walter Scott

A Bit of History: ISDA Bit of History: ISD

Began in 1950-60's as educational technology development modeled the systems approach emerging within the military and industrial worlds.

The traditional approach to education was viewed as “piecemeal”. ISD attempted to integrate all the components of the instructional process into a system.

The term “task analysis” was used by the US Air Force in the early 1950s to refer to procedures for anticipating the job requirements of new equipment under development.

The ISD ADDIE ModelThe ISD ADDIE Model

Clearly defined phases, clearly defined deliverables

The ISD ADDIE ModelThe ISD ADDIE Model

Analysis Audience, Duty/Task, Content, Technical

Design Maps, Learning Strategies, Deliverables, Objectives,

Content, Storyboards

Development Media Elements, Interactivity, Tracking/Administration

Implementation Pilot, Final, Logistics/Planning

Evaluation Reaction, Learning, Behavior, Results

Our Next Quote . . . Our Next Quote . . .

If you have to keep reminding yourself of a thing, perhaps it isn't so.

– Christopher Morley

The Good News About ISDThe Good News About ISD

Provides a systematic approach.

Much of what ISD prescribes is needed anyway.

Phases are a natural thing. And they help to dictate

deliverables (What and When).

Yet Another Quote . . . Yet Another Quote . . .

A ship in a safe harbor is safe, but that is not what a ship was built for.

– William Shedd

The Bad News About ISDThe Bad News About ISD

Waterfall approach exponentially amplifies any errors made; especially early / key errors.

Validation of des/dev strategies are not done until after implementation.

Process can be slow and inefficient. Can constrain or impede creativity.

Quote # 4Quote # 4

Virtually every important action in life involves educated guesswork. Too few chances reliably translates into too few victories.

– Thomas W. Hazlett

Rapid PrototypingRapid Prototyping

An Iterative Process One Eight or Eight Ones? Assists in quickly finding

weaknesses in design. Test app with real users early &

often.Dev.

Imp. Eval

Des.

&

Good Stuff About Rapid PrototypingGood Stuff About Rapid Prototyping

Helps you build a better product. Often, helps you build a less

expensive product. Facilitates client and team

involvement. But I really love that purple button! Focuses on the learner and usability.

Limitations of Rapid PrototypingLimitations of Rapid Prototyping

Scalability for large projects. Lacks specificity: defining

what’s on every screen. Lacks clear sign-off points. “Iterativeness” or How do you

know when you’re done?

Our Next Quote . . . Our Next Quote . . .

People talk about the middle of the road as though it were unacceptable. Actually, all human problems, excepting morals, come into the gray areas. Things are not all black and white. There have to be compromises. The middle of the road is all of the usable surface. The extremes, right and left, are in the gutters.

– Dwight D. Eisenhower

A Hybrid ApproachA Hybrid Approach

ISD and Rapid Prototyping Combined

Des.

Dev.

Imp. &Eval

Full Scale Development

The Best of Both WorldsThe Best of Both Worlds

Systematic, yet iterative approach Defined deliverables and sign-offs Still keeps the “Good Stuff” from

ISD A faster approach Incorporates early usability testing

Yet Another Quote . . . Yet Another Quote . . .

It's better to be boldly decisive and risk being wrong than to agonize at length and be too late.

– Marilyn Moats Kennedy

So Why Should I Care?So Why Should I Care?

You’ve gotta have a system. Why not use a proven methodology

to address content and support learning?

There will never be a perfect system/ methodology.

Go your own way. Regardless of the system you choose,

be an advocate for the learner.

Our Final Quote . . . Our Final Quote . . .

He who is afraid to ask is afraid of learning.

– Danish proverb

Hopefully, you found this engaging Hopefully, you found this engaging and informative . . .and informative . . .

Questions & Answers

Thank you for your time!Thank you for your time!

THE END