euthanasia (ppa)

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Definition of euthanasia By: Amit tyagi:9911332226. Definition : “Mercy killing” is simply another words “euthanasia” in most English language dictionaries. Euthanasia and therefore, mercy killing is “ the act of putting a person or animal to death painlessly or allowing to die by withholding medical services, usually because of a painful and incurable disease.”

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Page 1: EUTHANASIA (PPA)

Definition of euthanasia 

By: Amit

tyagi:9911332226.

Definition: “Mercy killing” is simply another words “euthanasia” in most English language dictionaries. Euthanasia and therefore, mercy killing is “ the act of putting a person or animal to death painlessly or allowing to die by withholding medical services, usually because of a painful and incurable disease.”

Page 2: EUTHANASIA (PPA)

The Greek word euthanasia translates to “good death,” making it and mercy killing terms that can be comforting in the face of difficult medical situations. When any person, especially a family member or close friend, is experiencing pain, mental degeneration, or other adverse condition, our instinct is to relieve the person in any way possible. Sometimes, this desire to alleviate pain can become so strong in the caregiver or patient that it overrides our deeper impulse to preserve life survive. By: Amit tyagi:9911332226.

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ORIGIN

The word euthanasia was first used in a medical context by Francis Bacon in the 17th Century, to refer to an easy painless, happy death, during which it was a physician’s responsibility alleviate the physical suffering of the body.

The term ‘euthanasia’ (or ‘mercy killing’) comes from Greek word meaning ‘good death.’ Such dying, with the assistance of others, can be either active or passive. It can be voluntary or non- voluntary.

Early 17th century (in the sense 'easy death'): from Greek, from eu 'well’ + thanatos ‘death’.

By: Amit tyagi:9911332226.

Page 4: EUTHANASIA (PPA)

HISTORY OF EUTHANASIA

What we would term euthanasia, has been both practiced and condemned by various cultures and civilasions since time immemorial. In ancient times physicians had a dual role: one to cure, the other was to kill.

Hippocrates separated the cure and kill functions of physicians. The prevailing social conditions of the latter nineteenth century

began to favor active euthanasia. In 1933 the Nazis replaced the Hippocratic Oath with the

Gesundheit, an oath to the health of the Nazi state. Campaigns for the legalization of euthanasia are widespread in

many countries, with activists challenging through the legal system where they fail in legislature.

By: Amit. tyagi:9911332226

Page 5: EUTHANASIA (PPA)

Euthanasia in India

The Supreme Court specified two irreversible conditions to permit Passive Euthanasia Law in its 2011 Law: (I) The brain-dead for whom the ventilator can be switched off (II) Those in a Persistent Vegetative State (PVS) for whom the feed can be tapered out and pain-managing palliatives be added, according to laid-down international specifications.

By: Amit tyagi:9911332226.

In March 2011, the Supreme Court of India, passed a historic Judgment-law permitting Passive Euthanasia in the country

Page 6: EUTHANASIA (PPA)

By: Amit. tyagi:9911332226

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Euthanasia means mercy killing, it is a modern terminology to the word ‘moksha.’ it is derived from Greek words ‘eu’ meaning good or well and ‘thanatos’ meaning death. In the case, Aruna Shanbag v/s state of Maharashtra the supreme court held that-:”Mercy Killing is nothing but homicide, whatever the circumstances in which it is affected. Unless it is specifically accepted it cannot be offences. Indian penal further punishes not only abetment of homicide, but also abetment of suicide” When a person is suffering from an ailment from a very long time no cure and that person is given the permission to end his life in order to relieve pain and suffering is called ‘Euthanasia.’ For a common man, when life become far more painful and unbearable than death, then it is very normal for him to desire death. Euthanasia is also termed as ‘dayamaran’, ‘echchamaran’ or willful death. There are different types of voluntary deaths in our country like the ‘sati’, ‘johars’, ‘samadhi’, ‘prayopaveshan’(starving to death) etc.

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ARUNA SHANBANG CASE Aruna Shanbang was a nurse working at the King Edward

Memorial Hospital,Parel, Mmbai.On 27 November 1973 when she was strangled with a chain and sodomized by Sohanlal Walmiki, a sweeper. During the attack she was strangled with a chain, and the deprivation of oxygen has left her in a vegetative state ever since. she has been treated at KEM since the incident and is kept alive by feeding tube. On behalf of Aruna, her friend Pinki Virani, a social activist, filed a petition in the Supreme Court arguing that the “continued existence of Aruna is in violation of her right to live in dignity”. The court rejected the plea to discontinue Aruna’s life support but issued a set of broad guidelines legalizing passive euthanasia in India. The Supreme Court’s decision to reject the discontinuation of Aruna’s life support was based on the fact that the hospital staff who treat and take care of her did not support euthanizing her. She died from pneumonia on 18 May 2015, after bring in a coma for 42 years.

By: Amit. Tyagi:9911332226

Page 8: EUTHANASIA (PPA)

GUIDELINES LEGALIZING PASSIVE EUTHANASIA IN INDIA.

1. A decision has to be taken to discontinue life support either by the parents or the spouse or other close relatives, or in the absence of any of them, such a decision can be taken even by a person or a body of persons acting as a next friend. It can also be taken by the doctors attending the patient. However, the decision should be taken bona fide in the best interest of the patient.

2. Even if decision is taken by the near relatives or next friend to withdraw life support, such a decision requires approval from the High Court concerned.

3. When such an application is filled the Chief Justice of the High Court should forthwith constitute a Bench of at least two Judge who should decide to grant approval or not. A committee of three reputed Doctors to be nominated by the Bench giving the verdict a notice regarding the report should be given to the close relatives and the state After hearing the parties, High Court can give its verdict.

4.

5. By: Amit. tyagi:9911332226

Page 9: EUTHANASIA (PPA)

Euthanasia is categorized in different types -: 1. Voluntary. 2. Non-Voluntary. 3. Involuntary.

Then its further divided into;

1. Passive euthanasia.

2. Active euthanasia.By: Amit. tyagi:9911332226

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1. Voluntary euthanasia-: When the person who is killed has a requested to be killed.

2. Non-voluntary euthanasia -:When the person who is killed made no request and gave no consent.

3. Involuntary euthanasia -: When the person who is killed made an expressed wish to the contrary.

4. Passive euthanasia -: Intentionally causing death by not providing necessary and ordinary (usual and customary) care or food and water.

5. Active euthanasia -:Intentionally causing a person’s death by performing an action such as by giving a lethal injection .Bt there is no euthanasia unless the death is for terminally ill persons who have clearly given their consent.

By: Amit. tyagi:9911332226

Page 11: EUTHANASIA (PPA)

Global Euthanasia LawsEuthanasia and/or assisted suicide are legal in very few places in the world. Several other countries (and states in the USA) are considering legislation that would legalize euthanasia.Switzerland has allowed physician and non-physician assisted suicide since 1941, but prohibits euthanasia.Australia's Northern territory legalized euthanasia in 1995, but it was repealed eight months later.

By: Amit. tyagi:9911332226

Page 12: EUTHANASIA (PPA)

In l997 Oregon legalized physician- assisted suicide, but not euthanasia.Colombia's Constitutional Court in 1997 approved medical voluntary euthanasia for terminally ill persons who have clearly given their consent.The Netherlands introduced specific legislation to legalize assisted suicide and active euthanasia in 2002.Belgium legalized euthanasia in 2002, but the laws seem to encompass assisted suicide as well. By: Amit. tyagi:9911332226

Page 13: EUTHANASIA (PPA)

Euthanasia: facts

ReligionAllows the act of suicide to be seen as okayPeople with mental health problem are not

qualified to make this decisionsDevastating effects on medical practice and

research

By: Amit. tyagi:9911332226

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Reference

The Indian association of Palliative Care (IAPC) opposes euthanasia in all its forms. Good symptom control through palliative care can pre-empt the request for euthanasia. Withholding or withdrawing treatment that is medically futile dose not amount to euthanasia.

By: Amit. tyagi:9911332226

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SO WHAT ? For it People with mental

disabilities should have the right to end their lives and be able to die peacefully. Why should they be forced to keep on suffering while they can put an end to it. If they don’t desire to live anymore then their wishes should be granted.

Against it Different people have

different believes and disconnecting or inserting drugs to others to cause them the death is like committing suicide or assisting someone in suicide.

By: Amit. tyagi:9911332226

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CIRCUMSTANCES The categories for which euthanasia is often

considered include the very young (babies born prematurely who are suffering from a variety of complications), severe trauma victims whose suffering cannot be alleviated and whose death is certain, the very old who have severe medical complications, and those who are suffering from the last stages of an incurable disease.

By: Amit. tyagi: 9911332226

Page 17: EUTHANASIA (PPA)

CONTEMPORARY DISCUSSIONS

The current topic over ‘euthanasia’ focuses on the permissibility of doctors to actively assist in the death of their patients. There are philosophical and legal arguments on both sides of this issue.

By: Amit. tyagi:9911332226