evaluating an experiment. the case of fare-free public transportation system in tallinn
TRANSCRIPT
Evaluating an ExperimentThe Case of Fare-Free Public Transportation System
in Tallinn
Daniel Gabaldón-Estevan | Bratislava 02/06/2016Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Valencia- Valencia (ES) - [email protected]
INOGOV MC and WG4 meeting “New Directions in Climate Policy and Governance: Polycentricity in Action?”
1-3rd June, 2016 Slovak University of Technology, Vazovova 5, Bratislava Hosted by: SPECTRA, Centre of Excellence at Slovak University of Technology
and Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava
Daniel Gabaldón-Estevan, Kati Orru, Clemens Kaufmann, Hans Orru
This presentation is derived of the project ‘Fare-Free Public Transportation System in Tallinn - Revealed Pros and Cons.’ and is an outcome of COST Action IS1309 ‘Innovations in Climate Governance: Sources, Patterns and Effects’ (INOGOV).
Motivation 01
About half of the world’s population now lives in cities (increasing to 60% by 2030)
Motivation 02
Cities are responsible for levels of resource consumption and waste generation higher beyond their share on world population
Motivation 03
Cities are more vulnerable to disruptive events that can lead to restrictions on the provision of resources and to changes on the environment caused by climate change
Motivation 04
Because they concentrate key resources (political, social, cultural…) cities are seen as strategic scenarios where to experiment and develop solutions to cope with the prevailing sustainability challenges
Case study: Tallinn (Estonia) 05
We focus on the case of an environmental innovation regarding transport policy, the implementation of the FFPTS for all inhabitants registered in Tallinn, Estonia.
De NuclearVacuum - File:Location European nation states.svgEste gráfico vectorial fue creado con Inkscape, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=8105117
Method: In-depth interviews with experts 06
Ten semi-structured qualitative interviews to key informants were performed and recorded
Climate and Radiation Department
Geomedia Consulting and Training Centre
Transport Development and Investments Department
Results: Antecedents 07
Since the ‘90 PT ▼ 30%, while motorization rate more than doubled during that period up to 425 cars per 1,000 residentsFares were already reduced by 40% for people who were registered as inhabitants of Tallinn Approximately 36% of the passengers were already exempted from paying PT fare based on their socioeconomic or occupational profiles. Another 24% of the passengers benefited from special discounts (pupils etc.)Fares for the PT were identified as a primary problem area in Tallinn in 2010, respondents were most unsatisfied with PT fares (49%) by crowding (29%) and frequency (21%).
Economic crisis
20% decrease of purchasing power, since 2009 and 2010Yearly cost for an adult using monthly abonnement was abut to 240€ in 2012 (minimum monthly salary in 2013 was 320€, and the gross mean monthly salary was 949€)
Results: Implementation 08
- Bus priority lanes (before 2012 there were only 12 km and they did not cross the city centre);- Trams and trolleybuses where merged with busses in the same management unit,- Signalling system, like priority signals for PT;- Installation of traffic control equipment on 24 intersections, - Introduction of the contact-less green card (“ühiskart“);- Adjusted traffic control, like new one-way streets with two-way traffic for PT, removal of car traffic from tram tracks, double stopping lines;- Automatic passenger counting in a number of vehicles, in order to obtain information about passenger flow and to optimise the timetables;- Acquisition of new vehicles (trams and buses) with CO2 quotas;- Renovation of the tram railway;- Establishment of Park & Ride facilities;
Free PT system from January 1, 2013
Results: The network 09
Results: The lines and vehicles 10
73L / 299V
5L / 82V
4L / 56V
Results: Assessment of the policy 11
Lack of accurate data on passenger
before and after
Streets works and tram lines renewalPollution more
dependent on weatherthan on traffic
No specific data on private car petrol
consumption
The increase on PT is of old pedestrian
Mobility measuresnot connected
No public strategy on the transport policy
Intermodality has not been promoted
Resources could have been
devoted to quality
Unexpected consequences
Increase in Tallinn residents (24.000
new residents)
Big relative increase In train passengers(700% in 2 years)
Increased security
Vehicle renewal for quota selling
Economic Sustainability of
The FFPTS
Many parallel measure were taken
Conclusions:The logic of politics 12
Estonian Government:
Reform Party (RP)
+ Social Democratic Party (SDP)
+ Pro Patria and Res Publica Union (IRL)
Tallinn Local Government:
Estonian Centre Party
Is FFPT a populist move?
Is FFPT a Green move?
Opinion pools, low rent users, Russian
Speakers Lasnamäe
Marketing strategy likecultural capital?
Is FFPT legitimate?
Tax payers
Is it a external subsidy?
Mobility measuresnot connected
Intermodality has not been strongly promoted in Harjumaa
Economic Sustainability of
The FFPTS
The increase on PT is of old pedestrian
Daniel Gabaldón-Estevan | Bratislava 02/06/2016Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Valencia- Valencia (ES) - [email protected]
https://uv.academia.edu/DanielGabald%C3%B3nEstevan
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Daniel_Gabaldon-Estevan
https://www.linkedin.com/pub/daniel-gabad%C3%B3n-estevan/23/722/aaa
http://www.slideshare.net/DanielGabaldnEstevan
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2086-5012
http://www.researcherid.com/rid/B-5195-2011
Thank you for your attention 13