evaluating the effectiveness of physical shape-change for in-pocket mobile device notifications
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Shape-Changing Mobile Notifications
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Physical Shape-Change for In-pocket Mobile Device Notifications Panteleimon Dimitriadis and Jason AlexanderLancaster University
Mobile Notifications State-of-the-Art
Sometimes Notifications Fail
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Physical Shape-Change is one Alternative
Hemmert et al: Two-dimensional Tapering Horev, O: Tacto-phoneGomes et al.: MorePhone
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But no in-pocket evaluation
Corner Bending
Corner Bending
Protrusion
Protrusion
Volume Expansion
Volume Expansion
Evaluation 1: Device ConfigurationGoal: understand the influence of device configuration on:(1) Notification efficiency (recognition time, missed notifications)(2) Afforded urgencySetup:16 participants tested all configurationsDevices in front-pocket, white-noise through head-phones
Evaluation 1: Manipulate
Expansion height (all devices)
Pulse type (static, slow, fast) (all devices)
Expansion type (full, tapered)
Number of corners (1,2,3,4)2134
Evaluation 1: ResultsOverall, for all devices:(1) Identification time decreased with larger protrusions and faster pulsing movements.
(2) Perceived urgency increased with larger shape-change movements and with increasing pulse rate.Missed Notifications:
1%
0%
9%
Evaluation 2Physical shape-change is most useful in noisy/busy environments
Simulated environment with walking and white-noise.
Compared the optimal configurations of each device with traditional vibrotactile feedback.
10 participants, 20 notifications
Evaluation 2Results:25/200 notifications missed, 21 from vibrotactile.
Shape-changing notifications recognised faster.
SummaryShape-change can provide more reliable alerts than traditional vibro-tactile notifications.
Perceived notification urgency can be changed by configuring the parameters of shape-change.Panteleimon Dimitriadis and Jason AlexanderLancaster [email protected]
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