evaluating wastewater reuse solutions in municipal and ... d/evaluating... · a solution to treat...

Evaluating Wastewater Reuse

Solutions in Municipal and

Industrial Applications

Joseph Sebastian

Siemens LLC

March 2009

© Siemens AG, 2008 – All rights reserved

Wastewater reuse with advanced

membrane filtration and reverse

osmosis is providing significant

economic and environmental gains

in water-stressed regions globally

Introduction / Contents

Contents

• Growth of Reuse 2

• Applications 6

• Key technologies 10

SAWEA Water Arabia - Bahrain

Industry Experts Expect a 180% Increase in Water

Reuse Over the Next Decade

Water Reuse stakeholders rely on

innovative process technology to

enable diverse water reuse

solutions.

Increasingly, water reuse is a key

part of many water resource

management plans.

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

2005 2010 2018

Mil

lio

ns o

f G

all

on

s / D

ay

Global Water Reuse

Year

Snapshot of Global Water Reuse Market

MarketCapacity by

2015 (m3 / day)

Annual

Increase

Expenditure

(Billions)

China 10,790 29 % $ 3.615

Middle East 5,589 12 % $ 7.053

USA 4,473 12 % $ 5.636

Western Europe 3,895 10 % $ 5.534

South Asia 3,750 14 % $ 1.500

Approximately 59% of additional capacity will involve tertiary or further

treatment.

The remainder will involve secondary treatment only, predominantly in

emerging markets.

Population Growth

Strong political support for Water Reuse especially in USA, Europe & Australia

Growing environmental concerns about discharges restrict the desalination market and drive forward the water reuse market

Key markets such as China, Middle East & North Africa have limited wastewater infrastructure in terms of collection and treatment.

Significant investment in building new wastewater infrastructure dramatically increases the availability of wastewater for reuse

Global Water Market Drivers are a Result of Mega-

Trends

The multiple barrier approach

and maturity of membrane

technologies in the wastewater

treatment sector have broadened

the scope of the wastewater reuse

market.

Water Reuse delivers economic benefits over

alternative additional water sources

Lower TDS than sea water or most

brackish waters, hence lower pressure

operation and higher recovery for RO –

significantly lower energy consumption

Collection already in place – low cost

of source development

Biological treatment provides stable

feed quality – compare to variable

quality of surface water or coastal

water (red tide / algal blooms, storm

events)

Lower salinity of wastewater reduces energy

consumption for reuse vs seawater desalination

Process

(kWh/m3)

Pretreatment

energy

(kWh/m3)

RO energy

(kWh/m3)

Total

(kWh/m3)

Surface Water

Treatment0.15-0.3

UF/RO reuse 0.1-0.2 0.4-0.5 0.5-0.7

MBR/RO

reuse0.8-1.0 0.4-0.5 1.2-1.5

Seawater

desal0.3-1.0 2.0-3.0 2.3-4.0

Source: Pearce, G. K., Desalination, 222,66-73 (2008).

0

1

2

3

4

Energy

kWh/m3

Surface

Wat

er

UF/R

O re

use

MB

R/RO

reuse

Seaw

ater D

esa;

Red tide / algae bloom events complicate seawater

RO pretreatment

0

5

10

15

20

25

2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000

TOTAL OPERATING TIME, HRS

TE

MP

ER

AT

UR

E C

OR

RE

CT

ED

TM

P,

PS

I

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

SD

I o

r T

urb

idit

y (

NT

U)

TEMP CORRECTED TMP, PSI, SCREEN PERMEATE SDI FEED TURBIDITY (NTU)

run 7

run 8run 9

run 10

run 11

run 12run 13

run 14

run 15

run 16

Low Algae

High Algae / Red Tide

Typical Applications for Water

Reuse


Applications for Secondary Wastewater Effluent

Surface irrigation of orchards and

vineyards

Non-food crop irrigation

Wetlands, wildlife habitat &

stream augmentation

Industrial cooling process

Groundwater recharge of non-

potable aquifer

Restricted landscape

impoundment

Applications for Tertiary / Quaternary treated

Wastewater Effluent

Food crop irrigation

Landscape and golf course

watering

Vehicle cleaning

Unrestricted recreational

impoundment

Toilet flushing

Industrial process water

Indirect potable reuse

Groundwater recharge of potable

aquifer

Surface water augmentation

Key Technologies for Reuse


Process Flowsheets for Advanced Reuse

Schutzvermerk / Copyright-Vermerk© Siemens AG, 2008 – All rights reserved

Membrane Bioreactor


MBR Water Reuse Plants are Growing in Size

Olympia, Washington, USA: Martin Way Plant 2MGD (8 MLD)

Satellite reclaim installation

Groundwater recharge

Sydney, Australia: North Head Plant 0.5 MGD (2 MLD)

Installation at local WWTP

Utility water

Bei Xiao He, China: Olympic Park Village 17 MGD (64 MLD)

Largest MBR reuse plant in the world

Irrigation & utility

Olympic Village uses reuse water for fountains

and lakes

Challenge Solution

Benefits

Three months before the start of the Beijing

Olympic games, Bei Xiao He WWTP needed

a solution to treat wastewater for reuse.

Memjet Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) system

is able to meet the city’s goal of processing

90% of the city’s wastewater, with 50%

planned for recycle and reuse

Technology was able to meet city’s treatment

goals and be ready in time for Olympic

games.

•Fit into plant’s existing space

•Doubled the plant's capacity

•Short installation and startup

Small plant size, new construction, nutrient

removal needs all favor MBR option

Factors favoring MBR in reuse process

Smaller plant size (< 20 MGD)

favors MBR

New construction or capacity

expansion of WWTW

New nutrient removal requirement

New requirement for WWTW odor

control

Membrane Filtration



Membrane Filtration

Ultrafiltration Membranes offer a

verifiable physical barrier, flexibility

to adapt to changing conditions, are

fully automatic and frequently

provide the lowest cost per treated

volume.

Portfolio

Memcor® CS submerged

systems

Memcor® CP pressurized

systems

Membrane Systems to Fit Your Needs

Submerged

Memcor® CS systems employ

modules immersed in the feedwater

as filtrate is drawn through the

membranes.

The open tank configuration allows

for visual inspection, simple

membrane installation and removal.

Ideally suited for retrofit of

conventional filtration basins,

capacity can be more than doubled

in the same space while improving

finished water quality without the

need for chemical pretreatment.

Membrane Systems to Fit Your Needs

Pressurized

Memcor® CP systems employ

modules contained in pressure

vessels as feedwater is pumped

through the membranes.

The modular “building-block”

configuration simplifies the design,

installation, and makes operation

easy.

The compact design reduces

overall system footprint, allowing up

to 6 MGD (23 MLD) of treated

water capacity on one skid.

Advantages of Ultrafiltration Membranes for Reuse

High Quality Water: Physical barrier, 0.04 micron, Title 22 approved

Simplified Design: Small footprint, reduced process steps

Multiple Reuse Options: Preferred pre-treatment to RO, SDI<2

Low Maintenance: Fully automated, no coagulant needed

Proven Performance: Most installations, longest experience

Ultrafiltered water for a Golf Course in Dubai

Benefits

High-quality irrigation and district cooling make-

up water will keep this high quality golf course in

perfect condition.

Reduced demand on potable water supply will

free up desalinated water for potable reuse.

New regulations restrict the use of desalinated water in district cooling plants.

Challenge Solution

Using the Memcor® CP membrane filtration system to treat secondary effluent from the main city STP as pretreatment to RO, the new water source will be used for the district cooling plant as well as for irrigating the golf course.

Meeting the Needs of Refineries and Communities

Benefits

For 10 years, the technical and economic

advantages of membrane filtration have proven

to be invaluable. By reclaiming wastewater, a

sustainable water supply for industries and

communities has been established.

Lime-softening and sand filtration of secondary effluent at the West Basin Water Recycling Facility in El Segundo, CA had proven to be too costly and not effective to prevent RO membranes from fouling.

Challenge Solution

From 1997 through 2002, Memcor® CP membrane filtration systems were phased in to supply high-quality water for local refineries as the conventional treatment was phased out. In 2004, Memcor® CS filtration systems were added for a total capacity of over 30 MGD (113 MLD).

Membrane Filtration favored over MBR for larger

plants, retrofit to existing WWTW, RO pretreatment

Factors favoring selection of

Membrane Filtration

Larger plant size (> 20 MGD)

Retrofit to existing WWTW vs new

construction or WWTW expansion

Summary

Advanced reuse applications are

growing rapidly driven by major trends

of population growth in water stressed

regions

Water Reuse has significant economic

advantages over other alternative

water sources

Membrane Bioreactor and Membrane

Filtration are key enabling technologies

for advanced reuse


Thank you for your attention

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