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International Journal of Pharmaceutical
Biological and Chemical Sciences
e-ISSN: 2278-5191
International Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences (IJPBCS)
e-ISSN: 2278-5191 | OCT-DEC 2013 | VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 4 | 20-25 www.ijpbcs.net or www.ijpbcs.com
Research Article
Pag
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EVALUATION OF CARDIOTONIC EFFECT OF HYDROALCOHOLIC LEAF
EXTRACT OF NERIUM INDICUM: AN ANIMAL STUDY
Sangita Totade* & S.John Premendran
Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, DMIMS (Deemed University),
Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha-442004. Maharashtra
*Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]
INTRODUCTION India is perhaps the largest producer of Medicinal herbs
and is rightly called the Botanical garden of the world
(1).Some 130 drugs are currently used which are
chemical entities either as direct extract from plant or modifying through further synthesis (2).According to
WHO over 80% of the world people rely on traditional
herbs based system of medicine to provide them with
primary healthcare (3). CCF is a progressive complex
clinical syndrome characterised by dyspnoea, fatigue,
fluid retention and hypertension. The main cause of
C.C.F. is coronary artery disease. Current
pharmacological therapy for CCF is Digitalis, ACE
Inhibitors, ACE antagonist, Diuretics. Digoxin is the
main drug to treat the CCF. Having low margin of safty
and may produce toxicity. So to discover the potential drug with less toxicity & wide margin of safty Narium
indicum belongs to family Apocynaceae. It is cultivated
throught india. It contains sterol glycoside like digitalis
and claimed for its cardiotonic activity. Neriun indicum
has also claimed to have medicinal properties like
Diuretic, anthelmintics (4) Neriun indicum has been
investigated for cardiotonic activity(5,6), antifungal,
Antispasmotic & anticancer(7 8 ) keeping in view the
limitation of available cardiotonic claim on the plant, the
present study has been undertaken to evaluate the
cardiotonic activity of Nerium Indicum.
MATERIALS & METHODS Plant material-The Nerium indicum leaves was collected
and dried under shade. Dried leaves were grind to obtain
powder. The hydroalcoholic extract of the powder was
prepared by the process of continuous extraction (soxhlation) such that 1 g of hydroalcoholic extract is
equivalent to 2 g of crude drug. Animal- adult healthy
frog, healthy albino rates and rabbit were taken. All
study were performed in accordance with institutional
Animal ethical committee. (IAECNO
52/PO/01/a/CPCSEA)
EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL
1. Effect of the extract of on hypodynamic frog heart-the frog were sacrificed by pithing. hypodynamic
heart developed with half calcium ringer .The
hydroalcoholic extract was made into a solution by
adjusted with saline to obtain various
concentration of extract. The extract was
administered in gradient concentration. The
responses were recorded on Sherrington
kymograph at a speed of 0-12 mm/sec. 2) (9).
2. Effect of extract on isolated rat heart-the rat was
sacrificed and heart was isolated briskly and
washed with saline and mounted on lung heart apparatus and graded dose were given and
response were recorded on student
physiograph.(10)
ABSTRACT:
Introduction: Our traditional heritage of medicine which is based on the use of herbs and Plant medicine. Digoxin for
congestive cardiac failure and Quinine for falciparum malaria are the life saving drug molecule available to treat were
discovered from natural plant resource. Objectives: To evaluate cardiotonic activity of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of
Nerium Indicum. Material & Methods: Perfused Frog heart & isolated rat, rabbit heart were used. The hydroalcoholic
extract of leaves of Nerium Indicum was prepared by the process of continuous extraction (soxhlation) and given
in graded dose. Result : The extraction showed dose dependent positive ionotropic effect on perfused hypodynamic frog
heart & isolated rabbit heart while on rat heart no effect was found Conclusion:The result obtained in this study indicated
that the leaf extract of nerium Indicum possess significant cardiotonic activity on experimental induces hypodynamic frog
& rabbit heart
KEYWORDS: Nerium Indicum, Cardiotonic Activity, congestive Cardiac failuar, Hypodynamic heart.
* Sangita Totade et al; EVALUATION OF CARDIOTONIC EFFECT OF HYDROALCOHOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF NERIUM INDICUM……
International Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences | e-ISSN: 2278-5191 | OCT-DEC 2013 | VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 4 | 20-25| www.ijpbcs.net
Pag
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3. Effect of extract on isolated rabbit heart-Rabbit was
sacrificed and heart was isolated briskly and
washed with saline and mounted on lung heart
apparatus and graded dose were given and
response were recorded on student’s physiograph.
Result were analysed by student p test. P <05 or less was
accepted as significant
RESULT In hypodynamic frog and rabbit heart the hydroalcoholic
extract nerium indicum produced dose dependent
positive inotropic effect and increase in cardiac output.
The extract of Nerium indicum did not produced any
effect on isolated rat heart.The force of contraction and
the heart rate did not changed as the dose increased.
1. Nerium Indicum produced increase in the force of contraction of the hypo dynamic frog heart.
Maximum increase in the force of contraction was
evident with the dose of 400µg/ml. Further increase
in dose also brought about sustained increase force
of contraction. Above of 960µg/ml produced
cardiac arrest (Table No: 1) & (Fig No1a, 1B, 1C)
Table 1: Effect of Extract Nerium Indicum on Hypo dynamic Frog Heart
Figure 1: A Effect of Extract Nerium Indicum on Hypo dynamic Frog Heart
Sr.
No
Dose/Conc.
µg/ml
Response Inference
Contraction Heart Rate/Min.
Mean ± SEM
1. Depleted Ringer Deceased 32 ± 1.40 Inhibition
2. 40 Increased 32 ± 1.00 Stimulation
3. 120 Increased 32 ± 1.00 Stimulation
4. 240 Increased 28 ± 1.46 Stimulation
5. 400 Increased 20 ± 1.93* Stimulation
6. 800 Increased 8 ± 0.25 Stimulation
7. 960
Increased 1 ± 0.95***
Cardiac arrest
P value- * < 0.05 ** <0.01 < *** <0.001
* Sangita Totade et al; EVALUATION OF CARDIOTONIC EFFECT OF HYDROALCOHOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF NERIUM INDICUM……
International Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences | e-ISSN: 2278-5191 | OCT-DEC 2013 | VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 4 | 20-25| www.ijpbcs.net
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(D.R.-Depleted Ringer, T. D. - Test Drug)
(T. D. - Test Drug)
2. The extract of Nerium indicum did not produced any effect on isolated rat heart. The force of contraction and the heart
rate did not change as the dose increased. (Table 2), (Fig 2).
Table 2: Effect of Nerium Indicum on Rat Heart
Sr.No. Dose Conc.
µg/ml
Response
Contraction Heart Rate/Min.
1. 100 No Effect No Effect
2.
400
No Effect
No Effect
3.
1000
No Effect
No Effect
4.
2000
No Effect
No Effect
P VALUE- *<0.O5 ** <O.O1 ***<O.OO1
* Sangita Totade et al; EVALUATION OF CARDIOTONIC EFFECT OF HYDROALCOHOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF NERIUM INDICUM……
International Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences | e-ISSN: 2278-5191 | OCT-DEC 2013 | VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 4 | 20-25| www.ijpbcs.net
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Fig 2: Effect of Nerium Indicum on Rat Heart
(TD-Test drug)
3. The extract of Nerium indicum produced increase in force of contraction (on isolated rabbit heart. The maximum
increase in force of contraction was observed at 800µg/ml. At 8000µg/ml the inhibitory effect was observed, the heart
rate and force of contraction was decreased. The heart rate gradually decreased and finally at 8000µg/ml the heart ceased to function. (Table 3), (Fig 3a & 3B).
Table 3 - Effect of Nerium Indicum on Isolated Rabbit Heart
P VALUE- *<0.O5 ** <O.O1 ***<O.OO1
Sr.No
Dose Conc.
µg/ml
Response Inference
Contraction Heart Rate/Min.
1. 80 Increased 200±0.43 Stimulation
2. 200 Increased 200±0.61 Stimulation
3. 600 Increased 120±0.52* Stimulation
4. 2000 Decreased 100±0.41** Stimulation
5. 4000 Decreased 100±0.36** Stimulation
6. 8000 Decreased 90±0.27** Inhibition
* Sangita Totade et al; EVALUATION OF CARDIOTONIC EFFECT OF HYDROALCOHOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF NERIUM INDICUM……
International Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences | e-ISSN: 2278-5191 | OCT-DEC 2013 | VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 4 | 20-25| www.ijpbcs.net
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3. Effect of Nerium Indicum on Isolated Rabbit Heart
(TD-Test drug)
DISCUSSION Though the high diuretics and ACE inhibitors are being
used in the treatment of c.c.f., digitalis is still the most
effective drug capable of restoring cardiac compensation
specialy in patient with dialated heart and low regection
fraction. All digitalis preparation available today for the
treatment of congestive cardiac failure are known to
cause sign and symptoms of intoxication and safety (11).
Hence introduction of any drug more potent and less
toxic than digitalis would be advancement in the therapy
of congestive heart failure. In the present study the hydroalcoholic extract of Nerium indicum produced a
dose dependent positive ionotropic effect on
hypodynamic frog and rabbit heart. The alcoholic extract
obtain from the leaves of nerium indicum has been
reported to posses potent cariotonic activity. It was also
found useful when tried on patient of congestive heart
failure.It is reported that alcoholic extract of Nerium
indicum leaves produced a positive inotropic effect and
bradicardia in isolated frog and rabbite heart(12). Overall
the present study clearly indicated that leaves of nerium
indicum plant posses positive ionotropic effect.
CONCLUTION
In the current study reveals that the hydroalcoholic
leaves of nerium indicum posses good cariotonic activity in hypodynamic frog and rabbit heart .in the rat heart
nedium indicum did not changed force of contraction
like the digitalis,hence it is inferred that nerium indicum
posses cariotonic activity and could be usefull in
treatment of congestive cardiac failure after extensive
animal and clinical trials
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7. Trivedi V.P.,et al. A clinical study of the effect of Tincture of Nerium Indicum Linn.. On the Respiratory
* Sangita Totade et al; EVALUATION OF CARDIOTONIC EFFECT OF HYDROALCOHOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF NERIUM INDICUM……
International Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences | e-ISSN: 2278-5191 | OCT-DEC 2013 | VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 4 | 20-25| www.ijpbcs.net
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tract involvement in case of congestive cardiac faiure; 162-167, 1997.
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*Corresponding author address:
Sangita Totade* Department of Pharmacology,
Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, DMIMS (Deemed
University), Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha-442004. Maharashtra