evaluation of the implementation of radiation protection measures for aircrew a. poffijn dienst...
TRANSCRIPT
Evaluation of the Implementation of Radiation
Protection Measures for Aircrew
A. Poffijn Dienst Toezicht op het grondgebied en natuurlijke
straling
Objectives
• Evaluation of status of operational implementation of Art. 42 of BSS
• Degree of harmonisation• Differences in transposition:
– Choice of dose limits and constraints– Procedures for exposure assessment– ALARA below limits– Reporting requirements– Inspection and enforcement
Information channels
• Radiation protection authorities (RP)• National civil aviation authorities
(CAA)• Airlines (AL)
Country specific information
• 32 countries (27 EU member states + Croatia, Macedonia, Norway, Switzerland and Turkey)
• Information– Legislation– Dose register– National practice
Overview replies• Replies from 17 CAA, 16 RPA and 12 AL
Country CAA RPA AL RemarksBelgium - x - No apparent inconsistencies
with legislation
Cz Rep. x x x Different interpretation of action level for CAA & RP
France - - - No replies. Evaluation on legislation only
Germany x x x Slight inconsistencies for non-commercial airlines
Netherlands
x x - No inconsistencies
UK - - - No replies. Evaluation on legislation only
Replies airlines
• 12 AL replies OUT of 77 contacted• For Belgium SN, TNT and EAT
contacted… … No one did reply
Dose assessmentCountry Date of
dataAverage (mSv/y)
< 1 mSv/y
1-6 mSv/y
> 6 mSv/y
Belgium 2007 1,85 316 603 0
Croatia Several Y
n.a. 5359 157 15
Cz Rep Several Y
2,2 1700 -
18000
Denmark 2006 2,2 939 3769 0
Finland 2007 2,1 737 2970 1
Germany 2006 2,2 5641 26725 57
Ireland 2005 ~2.0 1500 5692 0
Netherlands
2007 1,73 2258 10918 0
Slovenia Prelim. 1-3 ~70 ~100 0
Sweden n.a. ~20% ~80% 0
Methods for dose assessment
• Dose calculation by software packages• CARI 6 and EPCARD most frequently
used• Rarely pre-calculated tables for flight
schedules• Only a few airplanes (in Germany)
equipped with on-board measurement equipment
Dose registration
• No registration for frequent flyers• No uniform way of information on doses to personnel
National Register
Operated by RPA
Operated by
HealthInspector
.
Operated by
Ministry of Labour
No info
Yes 27 24 1 1 1
No
Coming 1 1
No info 4
Conclusions
• Appropriate legislation implemented• Harmonisation:
Need for guidance:– Treatment of dose limits and constraints– Employment of freelancers – Crew members working for different
airlines
(future) Important role for EASA
Remark on EASA and
harmonisation
• Regulation EC 216/2008: uniform application of common rules
But…
No evidence in respect to cosmic radiation !