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7Which case studies/topics are

relevant for each?

Big Budget with lots of tech used & stars

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Mass distribution, huge amounts of marketing and various experienced-based exhibition practices

LOW BUDGET Niche Audience Limited Release

MEDIUM BUDGET

Wide Audience UK Wide Release US Medium Release

BIG BUDGETMASS AUDIENCE

WORLDWIDE RELEASE

Hollywood Big Six Domination

Benefits of the Co-Productions

Negatives

How might TimeWarners huge amount of media power oer advantages to the producers of Gravity

How might TimeWarners huge amount of media power oer advantages to the audiences of Gravity

Synergy with Netflix

Cross-Media Conergence and Synergy From Disney

Synergy with WB/Lego

Produc'on Distribu'on Exhibi'on

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Case StudyLinks to key

areas of study

Key Production Details

Key Exhibition Details

Key Distribution Details

Gravity Media Ownership - WB New Technologies Proliferation Exhibition Technologies - Iris, Lightbox, 12 wire rig Casting Director Saturated release Press screenings to build buzz Synergy with squash'd Interviews 3D IMAX Strong Reviews

Area of Study

Definition

Relevant Case Studies

How it relates to Institutions

How it relates to Audience

e.g. Proliferation

X-Men, Gravity, SG, Lego

New higher quality production and distribution equipment

New avenues to market Prosumer Affordable equipment to produce own products More platforms to view media Online access to media both legally and illegally

Exam Advice

If words like 'technology', 'convergence', 'distribution', 'marketing', 'digital' come up and you should see them as your 'hook' into the question.

You only have 45 minutes to answer the question, so there isn't time to waffle!

In this essay, I shall write about (concept/question) in relation to the film industry, drawing on (examples X, Y & Z) as my case studies.

Try not to overload yourself with too many examples/case studies. 2-3 max.

Use contrasting examples so that you can look at all angles; for example, you might have a mainstream high budget film from the USA to contrast with a low budget independent Uk film.

Use PEEL for your paragraphs, the biggest mistake people make is giving great points and even exemplifying and explaining their points, but not actually linking/relating it back to the question.

Remember many different things you have learnt can be applied to multiple topics, e.g. the concept of the 'Prosumer' can be used in discussion with Proliferation, Media Ownership, Production and Technologies.

Most of all, do not panic, everything you need for the exam is in your brain somewhere. Just relax and let it out.

Key Points for Discussion How audiences are attracted and/or targeted The ownership and operation of institutions and how that affects products made and audiences BFI Film Fund & Tax Credit Working Title Template Technological Convergence e.g. iPhone/SmartTV, Digital Cameras The impact of digital technologies on institutions and audiences - e.g. Higher quality products, cheaper production costs, "Prosumer", Piracy, Proliferation Issues regarding the production of your chosen case studies - e.g. finances/technology/ownership Issues regarding the distribution of your chosen case studies - e.g. marketing campaign/synergy/technologies utilised in distribution Issues regarding exhibition - e.g. digital screens/IMAX/VoD/DVD/Blu-Ray/Piracy

Some key questions that cover multiple topics...

How does a lack of utilisation of digital technologies, in production, distribution and exhibition inhibit a films success?

How does the vast amount of money and resources available to global institutions provide their films with a better chance of success than smaller companies?

Discuss the issues raised by an institution's need to target national audiences within a media industry which you have studied.

To what extent have audiences influenced and affected an institution which you have studied?

The KeyRemember, this exam unit is called

'Institutions and Audiences'

So talk about how, whatever topic you are discussing, affects

INSTITUTIONS AND AUDIENCES!!!

The use of high and low angle shots for different characters are used frequently in the sequence to demonstrate representations of class and status...

An example of this during the duel with Merlin and the royal character where the camera shoots each character from different angles to show their position in the duel, in terms of who is winning. A final low angle shot is used of the royal character as he knocks Merlin to the ground, thus winning the duel.

This usage of low angle shots gives the royal character clear superiority to Merlin, who is repeatedly shot with a high angle shot to reinforce his inferiority.

LINKING SENTENCETO NEXT PARA

This usage of camera angles is important in juxtaposing the two characters and their two clearly different statuses. However throughout the duration of the sequence this power balance often shifts to portray Merlin as the superior one.

The use of the editing technique shot reverse shot is used to display this juxtaposing character representation as it enables us to see clear differences in the positioning and status of the two characters, as it switches back and forth. This technique also emphasises the shift in representation and positioning as one character gains status towards another.

Whether you use SEXY or PEEL the main thing is that you relate all your PEEs or SEXs to the representation

in question!

Unseen TV Drama - Prose phrase bank - How to turn your notes into better sentences

1) STRUCTURE - This TV Drama clip is made up of 4 scenes of which the second is the most dramatic.

2) MISE-EN-SCENE - The mise-en-scene is dominated by the [adjective] setting and low/high-key lighting. This creates an atmosphere of .....

The director is aiming to create a recognisable 19th century London world via the use of period costume......

There are many props in the second scene that highlight... the most important being.... because it accurately reflects the main characters purpose.

3) CAMERA - The low-angled establishing shot of... immediately informs the audience that the place where the story is set

The camera pan from left of the main character to the right of room reveals...

The director foregrounds... This demonstrates the importance of the character to their surroundings.

4) SOUND - Towards the end of the extract we hear.... The tempo/pace/volume of the sound is... causing the audience to feel increasingly tense/excited.

The soundtrack is mixed carefully, allowing the audience to focus on the sound of.... This is done to help emphasise...

5) EDITING - The editing in the third scene cross cuts between... At first these two settings do not seem linked until... The cross cutting is used to build ....

These conflicts are usually shown through binary oppositions (BINARY = two things).

So ask yourself:

"Which characters in the extract seem to be the main participants in this conflict?""What are the binary opposites in the area of representation in the question?"

"There can be no Drama without conflict!"

Remember! The conflict of power will often shift throughout the extract or at least show a range of representations

with the same area.

The DoctorMartha

The Master's Wife

The Master

Remember this example!

Gender - Doctor Who (May 2009)

Ethnicity - Hotel Babylon (Jan 2010)

Gender - Primeval(May 2010)

Gender - Hustle (Jan 2011)

Class - Merlin (May 2011)

Sexuality - Fingersmith (Jan 2012)

Disability - Coming Down The Mountain (May 2012)

Age - E.R. (Jan 2013)

Regional Identity - Doc Martin (May 2013)

Class & Status - Downton Abbey (May 2014)

Is there stereotyping in the clip? Are there counter-types?

Are there examples where representa8on conforms/follows ethnic stereotypes? - link to mise/sound/edi'ng/camera

Are there examples where representa8on challenges/subverts ethnic stereotypes? - link to mise/sound/edi'ng/camera

Is there an example of conict or opposi8on in the clip? Are these examples explicit (obvious) or implicit (suggested) - link to mise/sound/edi'ng/camera

stereotype?

countertype?Implicit opposition? Shown through.....?

Ethnicity? stereotyping?

Positive ethnic status?

Ethnic CONFLICT - EXPLICIT!!!!

Positive or negative representations?

conforms or subverts?

watch the clip from Hotel Babylon

Lastly...Cinematography is great for representing power and status in an extract, but Mise-en-scene is the easiest

way to show stereotypical representations!

Remember to think about how the following can reflect the character's class/age/gender/sexuality/ethnicity/regional identity and ability/disability;

Location - council estates could reflect class or ethnicity or region Costume - e.g. trackies could reflect class, age, ethnicity or regional

identity Props - e.g. a briefcase could reflect class, ethnicity, age or regional

identity Hair & Make-up - e.g. fake tan/heavy foundation could reflect class,

ethnicity or regional identity Performance - e.g. an aggressive performance could reflect class/age,

gender, sexuality, ethnicity or regional identity Colours - e.g. Pinks could reflect gender or sexuality Lighting - e.g. use of shadows could represent a submissive character or

a minority within any of the areas

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