evidence of evolution
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Evidence of Evolution. What evidence do we have that life has evolved gradually from simple life forms to complex life forms over millions of years?. There are 4 major types of Evidence that Evolution has occurred. 1. Fossil Evidence 2. Comparative Anatomy and Vestigial Structures - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Evidence of Evolution
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What evidence do we have that life has evolved gradually from simple life forms to complex life forms over millions of years?
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There are 4 major types of Evidence that Evolution has occurred.
1. Fossil Evidence
2. Comparative Anatomy and Vestigial Structures
3. Similar Embryonic Development
4. Biochemical similarities
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Evidence of Evolution
Fossil Evidence
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What is a fossil?The preserved or mineralized
remains (bone, tooth, or shell) or traces (footprints, burrow, or imprint) of an organism that lived long ago.
Dinosaur fossil - (bone)Ammonite fossil (shell)
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Fossils come in many forms
Dinosaurfootprint
Shark teeth
Imprint of fish
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Fossils are very old
Beetle fossil50 million years old
Stingray fossil95 million year old
Trilobite fossils445 million years ago
Bird egg fossil1 million years old
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How do We Know How Old things Are?
Carbon dating half –life of carbon 14 is 5730 years.
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How do fossils form?Most fossils are laid down in sedimentary
rock -(particles carried by streams and rivers that eventually settle to the bottom in layers)
Many fossils in theGrand Canyon
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The oldest particles, and therefore the oldest fossils will be at the bottom, with new layers being added.
The deeper down you go, the simpler the life forms are.
This leads some to believe that life began as simple prokaryotic cells and gradually became more complex because…
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Older, simpler fossils at the bottom
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What is the “fossil record”
Over the years, paleontologists (scientists that study fossils) have collected millions of fossils. This groups of fossils is called the Fossil Record
The fossil record represents the preserved collective history of the the Earth’s organisms.
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The fossil record shows that some organisms that once lived are now
extinct
archeopterous
triceratops stegosaurous
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The fossil record can show that organisms changed gradually over time
60 millionyears ago
Today
Fossil record of the whale
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Fossil record of the modern horse
55 millionyears ago
Today
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Fossil record of the camel
Today
40 millionyears ago
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Evidence of Evolution
Comparative Anatomy
&
Vestigial Structures
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A. Comparative Anatomy: The limbs of all of these organisms are similar in structure even though their
function may be different
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As vertebrates evolved, particular sets of bones were sometimes put to different uses…This may indicate a common ancestry
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Some animals appear to have structures that no longer serve a function –
(called vestigial structures)
Vestigial leg bones in a python
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Vestigial wings in a flightless bird
Ex a penguin and an ostrich
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Human appendix is vestigialThe human appendix has no function in
humans but is very
important in horses
and other animals
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Human tailbone is a vestigial vertebrate tail
Human tail bone consists of fused vertebrae that nolonger functionas a tail
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Evidence of Evolution
Embryological Development
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Similarities in Early Development
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Similar development must mean similar genes at work
Similar genes indicated common ancestry.
Differences in development are caused by genes that have mutated during the course of evolution.
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Biochemical Evidence of Evolution
Hemoglobin in the blood
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The more similar two organisms are, the more similar their DNA is.
This would indicate that they animals evolved from a common ancestor.