evolution of original pelton wheel into modern pelton wheel creative ideas for quasi-static...
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Evolution of Original Pelton Wheel into Modern Pelton Wheel
Creative Ideas for Quasi-static Execution of Iso-Rothalpy
Process.…….
P M V SubbaraoProfessor
Mechanical Engineering Department
Hydro Power Plant using Pelton Wheel
The Pelton wheel was first used at the Mayflower Mine in Nevada City,
California in 1878
A Patent on Water Wheel
• In 1880 Pelton was granted a patent with the following text.
• "Pelton water turbine or wheel is a rotor driven by the impulse of a jet of water upon curved buckets fixed to its periphery; each bucket is divided in half by a splitter edge that divides the water into two streams. The buckets have a two-curved section which completely reverses the direction of the water jet striking them."
The Original Pelton Wheel : 1880
Meridional View of Original Pelton Wheel
Special Features of Bucket For Circumferential Arrangement
Kinematics of Flow for Actual Bucket in flow plane
Euler torque equation: owiw VVrm ,,
ijetiw VV cos,
eerbew VUV 180cos,,
For flow past a bucket: irberirer VkVVV ,,,,
eirbbew VKUV 180cos,,
i
bijetir
UVV
cos
cos,
ei
bijetbbijet
UVkUVrm
180coscos
coscos
ei
bijetbbijetb
UVkUVUmP
180coscos
coscos
Circumferential Arrangement of Buckets in rotational Plane
More Patents for Marginal Modifications
• A U.S. patent was issued to Pelton 1880.
• Shortly thereafter, the Nevada City Foundry began to manufacture the wheels and ship them all over the world.
• In 1888, with partners, Pelton established his own firm, the Pelton Water Wheel Company, in San Francisco.
• Many others made subsequent versions of Pelton's original design, with some claiming uniqueness.
• Samuel Knight, and others patented significant improvements, including William A. Doble, who became chief engineer of Pelton’s company in 1912.
• A complete implementation of Conservation of Rothalpy.
Special Design Features to Minimize Irreversibilities…..
HEPP with Pelton Wheel
Different Layouts of Pelton Turbine
• Arrangement of Jets
• Arrangement of Runners
• Arrangements of Turbine Shaft
Arrangement of Jets
Arrangement of Runners
The Double Runner Pelton Wheel
• The hydro power plant Salido Kecil was built at the beginning of the 20th century to supply electricity to the local gold mining industry.
• It was refurbished in 2007 with modern Hitzinger alternators and ELC. The scheme is operated for supplying a few households and an ice factory.
• Its location is in Painan district near Padang city, West Sumatra province of Indonesia.
• Design discharge Q = 0.83 m3/s
• Net head H = 98.65 m
• Electrical Power P = 660 kW ( 2 x 330 kW. Double runner Pelton turbines).
Parts of Advanced Pelton Turbine
• The main components of a Pelton turbine are:• (i) water distributor and casing, • (ii) nozzle and deflector with their operating mechanism, • (iii) runner with buckets, • (iv) shaft with bearing, • (v) auxiliary nozzle. • Auxiliary nozzle is used as brake for reducing the speed
during shut down. • The runner is located above maximum tail water to permit
operation at atmospheric pressure.
Key Parts of Pelton Turbine