Evolution of TerrorUS History II

August 27, 2009

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Why?

• Why did terrorists attack us?

• Who is at fault?

• What do we do about it?

Al Qaeda and Osama bin Laden

• Reasons for terrorism against US:– US military presence in Middle

East– US support of Israel– Hatred of Western Culture– At war with American “infidels”

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US Support of Israel

• Support of Israel– Model of democracy and Western values in M.E.

– Trouble balancing this with need of oil from Arab countries

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US Military in Middle East

• After Persian Gulf War (1991), US left troops in Saudi Arabia

• Arabs/Muslims: “Get

off our land!”

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Hatred of US Culture

• Muslims wish to keep their culture, non-corrupted by US culture

• Example: US women= can vote, are equal with men, and have rights

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Infidels

• “Enemies” of Islam

• Quran teaches that

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Modern Terror (Post-WWII)

• Terrorism used for political/religious reasons

• Terrorists around world see impact

• Munich Olympics, 1972: Palestinian terrorists kill 11 Israelis

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Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979

• Iranian students seize 52 Americans in Tehran, Iran

• Weak countries learn they can hurt powerful countries by supporting terrorism

• US creates list of countries that support terrorism

1st World Trade Center Bombing

• 1993: Bomb explodes in van in parking garage of WTC

• 6 people die

U.S. Response to 9/11

• Department of Homeland Security• Created by President Bush to monitor possible terrorists, threats to US security

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Homeland Security, contd.

• Protect transportation, communications, water and power supplies

• Visitors and Immigration: Keep track of 500,000,000 visitors every year

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Profiling

• Searching people based on race, gender, etc.

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Border Control

• Guard thousands of miles of border

• Over 350 ports of entry

Guantanamo Bay

• US base in Cuba; terrorist suspects detained there

• Suspected abuse/mistreatment to get information

• Water

boarding

Recruitment and Training

• Secret sleeper cells around the globe

• Training camps in Afghanistan

• Religiously Motivated Terrorism– What the US is worried about– Radical Muslims believe that terrorism is OK to please Allah.

Patriot Act

• Passed in October 2001 by Congress

• Gives US Government power to tap methods of communication to gain info

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Patriot Act Controversy

• Some claim it’s illegal/unconstitutional

• Unauthorized “search and seizure”

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Target: Afghanistan

Taliban

• Sunni Islamic group

• Controlled Afghanistan government 1996-2001

• Sharia law, mistreatment of citizens

• Supportive of radical Muslims

Life Under the Taliban

• Strict rules for women

• Goal: Preserve Islam, restore modesty for women

• Must wear burqa

• 80% arranged, forced marriages

Women

• No education past age 7

• No co-ed schools

• Banned from working except medical field

9/11

• Al-Qaeda terrorists responsible

• US intelligence: AQ hiding in Afghanistan/Pakistan

US Demands to Taliban

• Deliver Al-Qaeda leaders to US

• Protect American journalists in Afghanistan

• Give US full access to terrorist camps

• Hand over Osama bin Laden

War in Afghanistan

• Afghanistan attacked by US

• Operation Enduring Freedom, 2001

• Mission: Destroy terrorist

camps, Osama bin Laden

Operation Enduring Freedom

• Removed Taliban from power

• Destroyed many terrorist camps

• Killed 1,500 Al-Qaeda members

• Immediate success

Taliban Comeback?

• US focused on Iraq, left Afghanistan alone

• Taliban had been hiding in Pakistan

• Recently: More killings, increased violence

Positive War Effects

• Crime reduced

• Schools, hospitals built

• Women being educated

Al-Qaeda

Who Are These People?

And Why Do They Want to Kill You?

Definition

• “The Base”

• Made up of radical Islamic groups

• Anti-West, Christian, Jew, some Muslims

• 18,000 members in 60 nations

AQ QuickFax®

• Formed 1988 by Osama bin Laden

• 1996-2001: Lived in Afghanistan thanks to Taliban

• Goals: Bring back sharia law

• Establish caliphate

Jihad – Holy War

• AQ believes in jihad against infidels (enemies of Islam)

• Remove West from Middle East

• Re-establish caliphate: Muslim leadership

Attacks

• 1993: First WTC bombing

• Bomb in van in parking garage underneath twin towers

• 6 killed

1998: US Embassy Bombed

• East Africa embassy bombed by AQ

• 300 killed

2000: USS Cole

• Bombed; 17 killed

• Successful attack inspires AQ

• Plots to attack US land

Osama’s Demands to US

• Get out of Israel and quit supporting them

• Get out of Middle East

• Let Muslims establish Islamic

empire again

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