evolution of texas climate
DESCRIPTION
Evolution of Texas climate. Richard Casteel Jackson School of Geosciences 11-24-09. Outline. Modern day Texas climate Climate change - varying resolutions Geologic indicators Soil indicators Fossils and isotopes Tree ring data Current research. Modern Texas climate. Hot, dry summers - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Evolution of Texas climate
Richard CasteelJackson School of Geosciences
11-24-09
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Outline
• Modern day Texas climate• Climate change - varying resolutions
– Geologic indicators– Soil indicators– Fossils and isotopes– Tree ring data
• Current research
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Modern Texas climate
• Hot, dry summers• Mild, dry winters• Wet springs/falls• High rate of PET• Hot spot for
climate change?
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Geologic map of Texas
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Ü0 320 640160 Kilometers
Geologic Map of Texas
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Soil map of Texas
• Dominated by:– Thin, rocky soils
• Thicker in past– Upland soils– Cave deposits
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Soil degradation - Sr isotopes
• Carbon dated soil deposits Hall’s Cave
• Gopher/voletooth enamel– Diet
• Hackberry seed fossils– Root position (Cooke et al, 2003)
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Paleoclimate inferred from fossils and isotopes
0123456789101112131415161718192021222324-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
Time before present (ka)
<----
cool
er---
--war
mer
---->
Last glacial maximum
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24-14 ka.• Cooler and wetter
– Faunal evidence
– Pollen data
– Alluvium δ 13C valuesof -21‰
• C3 plant abundance
62 - 7273 - 7879 - 8283 - 8687 - 94
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0123456789101112131415161718192021222324-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
INFERRED TRENDS IN PALEOCLIMATE
Time before present (ka)
<----
cool
er---
--war
mer
---->
6-2 ka.
Warm/dry
period
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6-2 ka.• δ 13C values
– Snail shells (Goodfriend and Ellis, 2000)
– Alluvium and soil (Nordt et al, 1994)
– More positive values =higher abundance C4 plants
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1698-1980• Post oak chronology
• Annual resolution
• Calibrated with modern record
(Stahle and Cleaveland, 1998)
_̂_̂ _̂
_̂
_̂ _̂_̂
_̂_̂
_̂ _̂_̂
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June PDSI derived from tree rings
1690 1710 1730 1750 1770 1790 1810 1830 1850 1870 1890 1910 1930 1950 1970-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
Central Texas
June PDSI
Date
June
PDS
I
(Data from Stahle and Cleaveland , 1988)
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Drought of the 1950s
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/pdsidata.html
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Drought of the late 1850s-1860s
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/pdsidata.html
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Drought of the 1770s
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/pdsidata.html
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Current research
• Extend the high resolution climate record– Past drought for water
planning
– Bald cypress trees
– Preliminary results
http://www.news8austin.com/content/your_news/default.asp?ArID=255153
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QUESTIONS?