evolution: part 1 the driver of the diversity and unity of life
TRANSCRIPT
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Evolution: Part 1The driver of the diversity and unity of life
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Lamarck vs. DarwinTheory of Use and Disuse• Acquired
Transmission• Increasing
Complexity• No Extinction• Heritability• Selective
Pressure
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Lamarck vs. DarwinTheory of Use and Disuse• Acquired
Transmission• Increasing
Complexity• No Extinction• Heritability• Selective
Pressure
Theory of Natural Selection• Variations• Extinction (or
Species Creation)
• Heritability• Selective
Pressure
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_______________ do not evolve,
________________ evolve.
Individuals
Populations
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Evidence for EvolutionScientific observation and documentation
HomologyFossil RecordBiogeography
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Homology
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Homologous Structures
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Analogous Structures
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Homologous• Anatomical similarity, possibly
different function• Occurs because of evolution and
inheritance
Analogous• Little to no anatomical similarity,
similar function of structures• Occurs because of convergent
evolution
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Vestigial Structures
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Vestigial Structures
•Structures that were once useful to an ancestor but have lost their usefulness and have decreased in size over many generations
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Biogeography https://youtu.be/cC8k2Sb1oQ8?t=2m53s
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Can evolution occur if a population is operating under the Hardy-Weinberg principle?
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Hardy-Weinberg Principle
The frequency of alleles and genotypes in a population will remain constant from generation to generation.
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5 Conditions for Hardy-Weinberg
1. No mutations
2. Random mating
3. No natural selection
4. Extremely large population size
5. No gene flow
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Evolution: Part 2Hardy Weinberg continued, changes in allele frequencies
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Hardy Weinberg warm-up
A very large population of randomly-mating laboratory mice contains 35% white mice. White coloring is caused by the double recessive genotype, "aa". Calculate allelic and genotypic frequencies for this population.
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Changes in Allelic Frequencies
Genetic Drift
Natural Selection
Gene Flow
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Genetic Drift Activity
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/evolution/act/drift/frame.html
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Why is having a large population beneficial in terms of allele fixation?
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Why is allele fixation usually detrimental evolutionarily?
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Changes in Allelic Frequencies
Genetic Drift• Founder effect• Bottleneck effect
Natural Selection
Gene Flow
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Genetic Drift – Founder EffectSudden isolation of a small population
from a larger population in which the smaller population establishes a new population.
Would the smaller population look the same as the larger population 500 generations down the line?
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Genetic Drift – Bottleneck EffectA severe drop in population size
due to a sudden change in the environment
Does natural selection play a role in this?
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Changes in Allelic Frequencies
Genetic Drift
Natural Selection
Gene Flow
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Natural Selection
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sjeSEngKGrg&feature=youtu.be
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Changes in Allelic Frequencies
Genetic Drift
Natural Selection
Gene Flow
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Directional Stabilizing
Disruptive
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What type of selection occurred in the pocket mice?