evolution: part 1 the driver of the diversity and unity of life

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Evolution: Part 1 The driver of the diversity and unity of life

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Page 1: Evolution: Part 1 The driver of the diversity and unity of life

Evolution: Part 1The driver of the diversity and unity of life

Page 2: Evolution: Part 1 The driver of the diversity and unity of life

Lamarck vs. DarwinTheory of Use and Disuse• Acquired

Transmission• Increasing

Complexity• No Extinction• Heritability• Selective

Pressure

Page 3: Evolution: Part 1 The driver of the diversity and unity of life

Lamarck vs. DarwinTheory of Use and Disuse• Acquired

Transmission• Increasing

Complexity• No Extinction• Heritability• Selective

Pressure

Theory of Natural Selection• Variations• Extinction (or

Species Creation)

• Heritability• Selective

Pressure

Page 4: Evolution: Part 1 The driver of the diversity and unity of life

_______________ do not evolve,

________________ evolve.

Individuals

Populations

Page 5: Evolution: Part 1 The driver of the diversity and unity of life

Evidence for EvolutionScientific observation and documentation

HomologyFossil RecordBiogeography

Page 6: Evolution: Part 1 The driver of the diversity and unity of life

Homology

Page 7: Evolution: Part 1 The driver of the diversity and unity of life

Homologous Structures

Page 8: Evolution: Part 1 The driver of the diversity and unity of life

Analogous Structures

Page 9: Evolution: Part 1 The driver of the diversity and unity of life

Homologous• Anatomical similarity, possibly

different function• Occurs because of evolution and

inheritance

Analogous• Little to no anatomical similarity,

similar function of structures• Occurs because of convergent

evolution

Page 10: Evolution: Part 1 The driver of the diversity and unity of life

Vestigial Structures

Page 11: Evolution: Part 1 The driver of the diversity and unity of life

Vestigial Structures

•Structures that were once useful to an ancestor but have lost their usefulness and have decreased in size over many generations

Page 12: Evolution: Part 1 The driver of the diversity and unity of life

Biogeography https://youtu.be/cC8k2Sb1oQ8?t=2m53s

Page 13: Evolution: Part 1 The driver of the diversity and unity of life

Can evolution occur if a population is operating under the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

Page 14: Evolution: Part 1 The driver of the diversity and unity of life

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

The frequency of alleles and genotypes in a population will remain constant from generation to generation.

Page 15: Evolution: Part 1 The driver of the diversity and unity of life

5 Conditions for Hardy-Weinberg

1. No mutations

2. Random mating

3. No natural selection

4. Extremely large population size

5. No gene flow

Page 16: Evolution: Part 1 The driver of the diversity and unity of life

Evolution: Part 2Hardy Weinberg continued, changes in allele frequencies

Page 17: Evolution: Part 1 The driver of the diversity and unity of life

Hardy Weinberg warm-up

A very large population of randomly-mating laboratory mice contains 35% white mice. White coloring is caused by the double recessive genotype, "aa". Calculate allelic and genotypic frequencies for this population.

Page 18: Evolution: Part 1 The driver of the diversity and unity of life

Changes in Allelic Frequencies

Genetic Drift

Natural Selection

Gene Flow

Page 19: Evolution: Part 1 The driver of the diversity and unity of life

Genetic Drift Activity

http://www.biology.arizona.edu/evolution/act/drift/frame.html

Page 20: Evolution: Part 1 The driver of the diversity and unity of life

Why is having a large population beneficial in terms of allele fixation?

Page 21: Evolution: Part 1 The driver of the diversity and unity of life

Why is allele fixation usually detrimental evolutionarily?

Page 22: Evolution: Part 1 The driver of the diversity and unity of life

Changes in Allelic Frequencies

Genetic Drift• Founder effect• Bottleneck effect

Natural Selection

Gene Flow

Page 23: Evolution: Part 1 The driver of the diversity and unity of life

Genetic Drift – Founder EffectSudden isolation of a small population

from a larger population in which the smaller population establishes a new population.

Would the smaller population look the same as the larger population 500 generations down the line?

Page 24: Evolution: Part 1 The driver of the diversity and unity of life

Genetic Drift – Bottleneck EffectA severe drop in population size

due to a sudden change in the environment

Does natural selection play a role in this?

Page 25: Evolution: Part 1 The driver of the diversity and unity of life

Changes in Allelic Frequencies

Genetic Drift

Natural Selection

Gene Flow

Page 26: Evolution: Part 1 The driver of the diversity and unity of life

Natural Selection

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sjeSEngKGrg&feature=youtu.be

Page 27: Evolution: Part 1 The driver of the diversity and unity of life

Changes in Allelic Frequencies

Genetic Drift

Natural Selection

Gene Flow

Page 28: Evolution: Part 1 The driver of the diversity and unity of life

Directional Stabilizing

Disruptive

Page 29: Evolution: Part 1 The driver of the diversity and unity of life

What type of selection occurred in the pocket mice?