evolution selection natural vs. artificial fitness galapagos finch directional, stabilizing,...

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Evolution • Selection Natural vs. artificial Fitness Galapagos Finch Directional, Stabilizing, Disruptive Selection Polymorphism = several forms of a species in same habitat Microevolution vs. Macroevolution Microevolution : change in allele frequency Macroevolution : formation of new species

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Page 1: Evolution Selection Natural vs. artificial Fitness Galapagos Finch Directional, Stabilizing, Disruptive Selection Polymorphism = several forms of a species

Evolution

• SelectionNatural vs. artificialFitnessGalapagos FinchDirectional, Stabilizing, Disruptive SelectionPolymorphism = several forms of a species in same habitat

• Microevolution vs. MacroevolutionMicroevolution: change in allele frequencyMacroevolution: formation of new species

Page 2: Evolution Selection Natural vs. artificial Fitness Galapagos Finch Directional, Stabilizing, Disruptive Selection Polymorphism = several forms of a species

FieldAssistants

Page 3: Evolution Selection Natural vs. artificial Fitness Galapagos Finch Directional, Stabilizing, Disruptive Selection Polymorphism = several forms of a species

Chesapeake Bay Retrievers=

+

Page 4: Evolution Selection Natural vs. artificial Fitness Galapagos Finch Directional, Stabilizing, Disruptive Selection Polymorphism = several forms of a species
Page 5: Evolution Selection Natural vs. artificial Fitness Galapagos Finch Directional, Stabilizing, Disruptive Selection Polymorphism = several forms of a species
Page 6: Evolution Selection Natural vs. artificial Fitness Galapagos Finch Directional, Stabilizing, Disruptive Selection Polymorphism = several forms of a species

English Peppered MothExample

Page 7: Evolution Selection Natural vs. artificial Fitness Galapagos Finch Directional, Stabilizing, Disruptive Selection Polymorphism = several forms of a species

Before industrial revolution After industrial revolution

English Peppered Moth Example

Page 8: Evolution Selection Natural vs. artificial Fitness Galapagos Finch Directional, Stabilizing, Disruptive Selection Polymorphism = several forms of a species

Darwin’s 2 Major Ideas

• Variation within an species

(organisms of the same species do not look exactly alike)

• Not all the offspring produced survive(there is a struggle for existence)

Page 9: Evolution Selection Natural vs. artificial Fitness Galapagos Finch Directional, Stabilizing, Disruptive Selection Polymorphism = several forms of a species
Page 10: Evolution Selection Natural vs. artificial Fitness Galapagos Finch Directional, Stabilizing, Disruptive Selection Polymorphism = several forms of a species

Macroevolution: formation of new species

• Allopatric Speciation: formation of new species due to geographic (physical) barrier

• Sympatric Speciation: formation of new species due to genetic mutation or reproductive isolation (although they occur together)

• Adaptive Radiation: formation of new species due to new opportunities (niches)i.e. islands