Evolution Unit!How To Classify Organisms

• Objective: SWBAT use classification system in order to organize living things.

• On a piece of paper…Look at the following four pictures:

1. Put the four objects into TWO groups. What would you call the groups?

Agenda• Group: Let’s Organize Random Objects!• Individual: Classify Extra-Terrestrials!• Seven Levels of Classification• What makes a species a species?

–LIGERS and TIGONS

Classifying Random Objects!• Take all the objects out of the bag• Discuss:

--what do ALL the objects have in common?--what characteristics do some objects have that

other objects do not?

• Sort the objects into FOUR DIFFERENT GROUPS!• Write down the four classification groups onto

the notecard/paper and turn it FACE DOWN on the table!

Agenda

Aliens, Aliens, Aliens…

• Dichotomous Keys: “Choose Your Own Adventure”

• 15 minutes!

Agenda

Get a piece of paper ready for:“Classification Notes”

• What is a classification scheme?• CLASSIFICATION SCHEME– each living

organism is classified using the following scheme, from broadest to most specific:

• Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

• So…HOW do scientists classify living organisms?

• KINGDOMPHYLUMCLASSORDERFAMILYGENUSSPECIES

KPCOFGS…

• So…HOW do scientists classify living organisms?

• KINGDOMPHYLUMCLASSORDERFAMILYGENUSSPECIES

KPCOFGS…

• So…HOW do scientists classify living organisms?

• KINGDOMPHYLUMCLASSORDERFAMILYGENUSSPECIES

KPCOFGS…

• So…HOW do scientists classify living organisms?

• KINGDOMPHYLUMCLASSORDERFAMILYGENUSSPECIES

ANIMALIAANIMALIACHORDATACHORDATAMAMMALIAMAMMALIAPRIMATEPRIMATEHOMINIDAEHOMINIDAEHOMOHOMOSAPIENSSAPIENS

KPCOFGS…

• So…HOW do scientists classify living organisms?

• KINGDOMPHYLUMCLASSORDERFAMILYGENUSSPECIES

ANIMALIAANIMALIACHORDATACHORDATAMAMMALIAMAMMALIAPRIMATEPRIMATEHOMINIDAEHOMINIDAEHOMOHOMOSAPIENSSAPIENS

KPCOFGS…• What mnemonic device can we use to

remember how to classify?• KING• PHILLIP• CAME• OVER• FOR• GRANDMA’S• SPAGHETTI!

KINGDOM

PHYLUM

CLASS

ORDER

FAMILY

GENUS

SPECIES

Classification Examples

Animalia

Chordata

Mammalia

Primates

Hominidae

Homo

sapiens

Animalia

Chordata

Mammalia

Primates

Hominidae

Hominini

pan

Animalia

Chordata

Mammalia

Primates

Hominidae

Gorilla

gorilla

Agenda

Animals FungiPlants

KINGDOM

PHYLUM

CLASS

ORDER

FAMILY

GENUS

SPECIES

Classification

KING

PHILLIP

CAME

OVER

FOR

GRANDMA’S

SPAGHETTI

So…what makes a species a species???

• TIGERS

• LIONS

• But…what if we mix the two?

Tigons and Ligers

Male Tiger + Female Lion Male Lion + Female Tiger

What is a species?• SPECIES – A group of organisms that

share common characteristics AND can produce fertile offspring with each other.

What is a species?• SPECIES – A group of organisms that

share common characteristics AND can produce fertile offspring with each other.

TIGON

What is a species?• SPECIES – A group of organisms that

share common characteristics AND can produce fertile offspring with each other.

TIGON

What is the best way to prove that 2 species are closely related?• Using DNA to prove that organisms are

related is the best way!• The more matches in DNA means that the

more the 2 species are related!Put this in your notes!Explain what two species are related!

Agenda

Exit Quiz

1. What is the BROADEST level of classification?

2. What is the MOST SPECIFIC level of classification?

Exit Quiz:1. Coyotes and gray wolves have a high degree of relatedness. What

explains their high degree of relatedness?

Part of the food web in Yellowstone National Park is shown below. Gray wolves were reintroduced into Yellowstone National Park in 1995. Two years later, the population of coyotes had decreased by 50%. Coyotes were found in all habitats of the park before the gray wolves were reintroduced. Now, coyotes are most often found in the hills and mountains.Coyotes and gray wolves have a high degree of relatedness. Which of these best describes why the two species are closely related?

Classification HAS Questions Below

HSA PracticeUse this table to explain what 2

organisms are most closely related!

Use the information and the table below to answer the following.Mammals, birds, modern reptiles, and theropod dinosaurs are vertebrates. The table below shows some of the differences and similarities among these groups of vertebrates. According to the table, which of these vertebrates are most closely related?

Scientists have found many similarities in the proteins of turtles and sharks. These similarities suggest that turtles and sharks

A.have stopped evolving B.have a common ancestor C.have all the same DNA sequences D.have the same number of chromosomes

• Students used the three organisms shown below to study evolutionary relationships.

• Which of these structures are the best evidence of an evolutionary relationship?

Students used the three organisms shown below to study evolutionary relationships. Which of these structures are the best evidence of an evolutionary relationship?

The figure here shows the skeletal structure of a seal's flipper and a monkey's arm.

The skeletal structures of the flipper and the arm are similar, even though they have different functions. Seals use their flippers for swimming, while monkeys use their arms primarily for grasping and lifting.

A. Which of these explains why the skeletal structures of the seal's flipper and the monkey's arm are similar?

B. Seals and monkeys have a common ancestor. C. Seals and monkeys have identical DNA sequences. D. All of the same genetic mutations occurred in seals and monkeys. E. All of the same vitamins are used for bone formation in seals and

monkeys.

The figure below shows the skeletal structure of a seal's flipper and a monkey's arm. The skeletal structures of the flipper and the arm are similar, even though they have different functions. Seals use their flippers for swimming, while monkeys use their arms primarily for grasping and lifting.Which of these explains why the skeletal structures of the seal's flipper and the monkey's arm are similar?

The Herring Gull is a modern bird.

Which of the vertebrate skulls shown below is probably most closely related to the

modern bird?

A researcher is studying raccoons and skunks. She wants to find out how closely these two mammals are related. Which of these characteristics would be best for her to study?

A.sequences of DNA B.reproductive habits C.movement of RNA D.physical appearance

Extra Slides Below (Fun Human Evolution Stuff & BSCS VIDEO)

• rotating shoulder joints

• five digits with opposable thumbs and nails

• stereoscopic (3-D) color vision

• a large brain in comparison to body size

• two mammary glands

• typically one young per pregnancy

• a long gestation and developmental period

Some Characteristics of Primates

• share more than 97% of their DNA with modern humans• exhibit a capacity for language • able to walk upright (bi-pedal)

Some Characteristics of Hominids

As you watch the video…

please take notes!

What is the significance of:

• Lucy’s skeleton?

• The Laetoli footprints?

• Tomai’s skull?

BSCS VIDEO…Our Ancestors