ewea annual-statistics-2014

1THE EUROPEAN WIND ENERGY ASSOCIATION

Wind in power2014 European statistics

February 2015

2

WIND IN POWER: 2014 EUROPEAN STATISTICS

THE EUROPEAN WIND ENERGY ASSOCIATION

ContentsExecutive summary .............................................................................. 3

2014 annual installations ...................................................................... 5 Wind power capacity installations ................................................. 5 Power capacity installations ......................................................... 6 Renewable power capacity installations ........................................ 7

Trends and cumulative installations ........................................................ 7 Renewable power installations ..................................................... 7 Net changes in EU installed power capacity 2000-2014 ................. 8 Total installed power capacity ....................................................... 8

A closer look at wind power installations ................................................ 9 Total installed power capacity ....................................................... 9 National breakdown of wind power installations ............................. 10 Onshore and offshore annual markets .......................................... 10 Cumulative wind power installations ............................................. 11

Wind power penetration ......................................................................... 12

Data collection and analysisGiorgio Corbetta, European Wind Energy Association (EWEA)

Contributing authorsIván Pineda (EWEA)Justin Wilkes (EWEA)

Data sourcesPlatts PowerVision, January 2015EWEA, wind energy data EU-OEA, ocean energy dataEPIA, solar PV dataESTELA, CSP data

Special thanks to:IGWindkraft (AT) – BOP, EDORA and VWEA (BE) - APEE and BGWEA (BG) - Suisse Eole (CH) - CSVE (CZ) – BWE, VDMA and Stiftung Offshore Windenergie (DE) – DWIA (DK) – Tuulenergia (EE) – HWEA (EL) – AEE and APPA (ES) - Suomen Tuulivoimayhdistys ry (FI) – France Énergie Éolienne and Syndicat des Énergies Renouvelables (FR) – SEV (FO) – Energy Institute Hrvoje Pozar (HR) – HWEA and HWIA (HU) – Landsvirkjun (IS) – IWEA (IE) – ANEV (IT) – LWPA (LT) – Ministry of Economics (LU) – NWEA (NL) – NorWEA (NO) – University of Maribor (SI) – TÜREB (TK) – PWEA (PL) - APREN (PT) – RWEA (RO) –RAWI (RS) – Svenskvindenergi (SE) – Continental

Wind Partners (SRB) – UWEA (UA) – RenewableUK (UK).

Design: Clara Ros (EWEA)Photo cover: ThinkStock


• 11,791.4 MW of wind power capacity (worth between €13.1bn and €18.7bn) was installed in the EU during 2014, an increase of 3.8% compared to 2013 annual installations.

• Wind power is the generating technology with the highest rate for new installa-tions in 2014, accounting for 43.7% of total 2014 power capacity installations, 12 percentage points higher than during the previous year.

• Renewable power installations accounted for 79.1% of new installations during 2014: 21.3 GW of a total 26.9 GW of new power capacity, up from 72% the previous year.

•There is now 128.8 GW of installed wind power capacity in the EU: approxi-mately 120.6 GW onshore and just over 8 GW offshore.

• The EU total installed power capacity increased by 14.8 GW net in 2014 to 910.1 GW, with wind power increasing by 11.4 GW net and reaching a share of total installed generation capacity of 14.1%.

• Since 2000, 29.4% of new capacity installed has been wind power, 56.2% renewables and 91.1% renewables and gas combined.

• The EU power sector continues its move away from fuel oil and coal with both technologies continuing to decommission more than they install.

• Annual installations of wind power have increased over the last 14 years, from 3.2 GW in 2000, to 11.8 GW in 2014 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.8%.

• A total of 128.8 GW is now installed in the European Union, an increase in installed cumulative capacity of 9.7% compared to the previous year.

• Germany remains the EU country with the largest installed capacity followed by Spain, the UK and France. There are 15 EU countries with gigawatt-level wind power capacities installed, including two relatively new EU countries (Poland and Romania), and eight EU countries each have more than 4 GW of installed capacity.

• 59.5% of all new installations in 2014 were in just two countries (Germany and the UK), an increased concentration compared to 2013 (46% of total installations). 77.2% of all new installations were concentrated in the top four countries (Germany, the UK, Sweden and France).

• 2014 shows the negative impact of market, regulatory and political uncertainty sweeping across Europe. Destabilised legislative frameworks for wind energy are undermining investments.

• A number of previously large markets such as Denmark, Spain and Italy saw their rates of wind energy installations decrease significantly in 2014, by 90.4%, 84.3% and 75.4% respectively.

• Offshore wind saw almost 1.5 GW installed in 2014, 5.3% less than 2013. • The wind power capacity installed by the end of 2014 would, in a normal wind

year, produce 284 TWh of electricity, enough to cover 10.2% (of which 1% from offshore wind) of the EU’s electricity consumption – up from 8% the year before.

Executive summary

2014 annual

installations

Trends and cumulative

installations

Wind power

installations

4



PORTUGAL*4,914.4

SPAIN22,986.5

FRANCE9,285

UNITED KINGDOM12,440.3

IRELAND2,271.7

BELGIUM1,959

NETHERLANDS2,805

LUXEMBOURG58.3

GERMANY39,165

POLAND3,833.8

DENMARK4,845

SWEDEN5,424..8

FINLAND627

ESTONIA302.7

LATVIA 61.8

LITHUANIA 279.3

BELARUS 3.4

ITALY8,662.9

AUSTRIA2,095

CZECH REPUBLIC

281.5 SLOVAKIA 3.1

HUNGARY329.2

SLOVENIA3.2

ROMANIA2,953.6

SERBIA0 BULGARIA

690.5

GREECE1,979.8

MALTA0

RUSSIA15.4

NORWAY819.3

UKRAINE497.5

SWITZERLAND60.3

CROATIA346.5

TURKEY3,762.5

CYPRUS146.7

FAROE ISLANDS*18.3

* Provisional data** Former Yugoslav Republic of MacedoniaNote: due to previous year adjustments, 423.5 MW of project decommissioning, repowering and rounding of figures, the total 2014 end-of-year cumulative capacity is not exactly equivalent to the sum of the 2013 end-of-year total plus the 2014 additions.

Installed 2013 End 2013 Installed 2014 End 2014Candidate Countries (MW)FYROM - - 37 37Serbia - - - - Turkey 646.3 2,958.5 804 3,762.5 Total 646.3 2,958.5 841 3,799.5 EFTA (MW)Iceland 1.8 1.8 1.2 3Liechtenstein - - - - Norway 110 771.3 48 819.3 Switzerland 13.3 60.3 - 60.3

Total 125.1 833.4 49.2 882.6 Other (MW)Belarus - 3.4 - 3.4 Faroe Islands 4.5 6.6 11.7 18.3 Russia - 15.4 - 15.4 Ukraine 95.3 371.2 126.3 497.5 Total 99.8 396.7 138.0 534.7 Total Europe 12,228.5 121,572.2 12,819.6 133,968.2

Installed 2013 End 2013 Installed

2014End

2014EU Capacity (MW)Austria 308.4 1,683.8 411.2 2,095 Belgium 275.6 1,665.5 293.5 1,959 Bulgaria 7.1 681,1 9.4 690.5 Croatia 81.2 260.8 85.7 346.5 Cyprus - 146.7 - 146.7 Czech Republic 8 268.1 14 281.5 Denmark 694.5 4,807 67 4,845 Estonia 10.5 279.9 22.8 302.7 Finland 163.3 449 184 627 France 630 8,243 1,042 9,285Germany 3,238,4 34,250.2 5,279,2 39,165Greece 116.2 1,865,9 113.9 1,979.8 Hungary - 329.2 - 329,2 Ireland 343.6 2,049.3 222.4 2,271.7 Italy 437.7 8,557.9 107.5 8,662.9 Latvia 2.2 61.8 - 61.8 Lithuania 16.2 278.8 0.5 279.3 Luxembourg - 58.3 - 58.3 Malta - - - - Netherlands 295 2,671 141 2,805 Poland 893.5 3,389.5 444.3 3,833.8 Portugal* 200 4,730.4 184 4,914.4 Romania 694.6 2,599.6 354 2,953.6 Slovakia - 3.1 - 3.1 Slovenia 2.3 2.3 0.9 3.2 Spain 175.1 22,959.1 27.5 22,986.5

Sweden 689 4,381.6 1,050.2 5,424.8 UK 2,075 10,710.9 1,736.4 12,440.3

Total EU-28 11,357.3 117,383.6 11,791.4 128,751.4

Wind power installed in Europe by end of 2014 (cumulative)

European Union: 128,751.4 MWCandidate Countries: 3,799.5 MWEFTA: 882.6 MWTotal Europe: 133,968.2 MW

FYROM**37


2014 annual installations

Wind power capacity installations

During 2014, 12,819.6 MW of wind power was installed across Europe, of which 11,791.4 MW was in the European Union.

Of the capacity installed in the EU, 10,308.1 MW was onshore and 1,483.3 MW offshore. In 2014, the annual onshore market increased in the EU by 5.3%, and offshore installations decreased by 5.3% compared to 2013. Overall, EU wind energy annual installations increased by 3.8% compared to 2013 installations.

Investment in EU wind farms was between €13.1bn and €18.7bn. Onshore wind farms attracted around €8.9bn to €12.8bn, while offshore wind farms accounted for €4.2bn to €5.9bn.

In terms of annual installations, Germany was the largest market in 2014, installing 5,279.2 MW of new capacity, 528.9 MW of which (10% of total capacity installed in Germany) offshore. The UK came in second with 1,736.4 MW, 813.4 MW of which (46.8%) offshore, followed by Sweden with 1,050.2 MW and France with 1,042 MW. The next countries are signifi-cantly behind: Poland with 444.3 MW and Austria with 411.2 MW.

The emerging markets of Central and Eastern EU installed 838 MW, 7.1% of total installations. In 2014, these countries represented a smaller share of the total EU market than in 2013 (16%). That is due to retroactive legislative changes in Romania and uncer-tainty on the impact of the Renewable Energy Sources Act on the support system and renewable energy market in Poland.

Moreover, 59.5% of all new EU installations in 2014 were in just two countries, Germany and the United Kingdom, a similar trend to the one seen in 2013.

A number of previously large markets such as Denmark, Spain and Italy have seen their rate of wind energy installations decrease significantly in 2014, by 90.4%, 84.3% and 75.4% respectively.

Offshore accounted for 12.6% of total EU wind power installations in 2014, confirming the high level of concentration in annual installations during 2014.

FIGURE 1: EU MEMBER STATE MARKET SHARES FOR NEW WIND

ENERGY CAPACITY INSTALLED DURING 2014 (MW).

TOTAL 11,791.4 MW

Spain, 27.5 0.2% Estonia, 22.8 0.2% Czech Republic, 14 0.1% Bulgaria, 9.4 0.1% Slovenia, 0.9 0.01% Lithuania, 0.5 0.004%

Germany5,279.2

44.8%

UK1,736.4

14.7%

Sweden1,050.2

8.9%

France1,0428.8%

Poland, 444.3 3.8%

Austria, 411.2 3.5% Romania, 354 3% Belgium, 293.5 2.5% Ireland, 222.4 1.9% Finland, 184 1.6% Portugal, 184 1.6% Netherlands, 141 1.2% Greece, 113.9 1% Italy, 107.5 0.9% Croatia, 85.7 0.7%

Denmark, 67 0.6%

6



Power capacity installations

Overall, during 2014, 26.9 GW of new power gener-ating capacity was installed in the EU, 9.4 GW less than in 2013.

Wind power was the energy technology with the highest installation rate in 2014: 11.8 GW, accounting for 43.7% of all new installations. Solar PV came second with 8 GW (29.7% of 2014 installations) and coal third with 3.3 GW (12.3%).

No other technologies compare to wind and solar PV in terms of new installations. Gas installed 2.3 GW (8.7% of total installations), biomass 990 MW (3.7%), hydro 436 MW (1.6%), waste 68 MW (0.3%), geothermal 45 MW and ocean 1.3 MW. CSP, fuel oil, nuclear and peat did not install any generating capacity in 2014.

During 2014, 7.2 GW of coal capacity was decommis-sioned, as was 2.9 GW of gas, 1.1 GW of fuel oil, 423.5 MW of wind energy, 370 MW of biomass and 14.9 MW of hydro capacity1.

FIGURE 3: NEW INSTALLED CAPACITY AND DECOMMISSIONED CAPACITY (MW)

FIGURE 2: SHARE OF NEW POWER CAPACITY INSTALLATIONS IN

EU (MW). TOTAL 26,975.5 MW

Wind 11,791.4

43.7%

PV8,00029.7%

Biomass 990

3.7%

Hydro 436

1.6%

Waste 68

0.3%

Geothermal 45

0.2%

Ocean 1.3

0.005%

Coal 3,305 12.3%

Gas2,338.98.7%

Source: Platts PowerVision 2015, EWEA, EPIA, ESTELA, OEA

11,791.4

8,000

3,305 2,338.9

990 436 68 45 1.3 - - - -

(423.5)

-

(7,256.6)

(2,962)

(370) (14.9)

- - - -

(1,122)

- -

-10,000

-5,000

5,000

10,000

15,000


PV Wind Gas Coal Biomass Hydro Waste Nuclear PeatCSP Fuel oil OceanGeo-thermal

New Decommissioned

1 Figures for PV decommissioning are not available


FIGURE 5: INSTALLED POWER GENERATING CAPACITY PER YEAR (MW) AND RENEWABLE SHARE (%)

In 2000, new renewable power capacity installations totalled a mere 3.6 GW. Since 2010, annual renewable capacity additions have been between 24.7 GW and 34.6 GW, eight to ten times higher than in 2000.

The share of renewables in total new power capacity additions has also grown. In 2000, the 3.6 GW

Renewable power capacity installations

Trends & cumulative installations

represented 22.4% of new power capacity installations, increasing to 21.3 GW representing 79.1% in 2014.

412.7 GW of new power capacity has been installed in the EU since 2000. Of this, 29.4% has been wind power, 56.2% renewables and 91.1% renewables and gas combined.

In 2014, a total of 21.3 GW of renewable power capacity was installed. 79.1% of all new installed capacity in the EU was renewable. It was, furthermore, the seventh year running, that over 55% of all addi-tional power capacity in the EU was renewable.

Renewable power capacity installations

FIGURE 4: 2014 SHARE OF NEW RENEWABLE POWER CAPACITY

INSTALLATIONS (MW). TOTAL 21,331.6 MW4

Biomass 990

4.6%

Hydro 436 2%

Waste 68

0.3%

Geothermal 45 0.2% Ocean 1.3 0.006%


Wind11,79155.3%

PV8,00037.5%

79

.1%

RES

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Peat Fuel oil Nuclear Coal

Gas CSP

Waste Biomass

OceanGeothermal

Hydro PV Wind

8



Total installed power capacity

Wind power’s share of total installed power capacity has increased five-fold since 2000; from 2.4% in 2000 to 14.1% in 2014. Over the same period, renewable

FIGURE 7: EU POWER MIX 2000 (MW) FIGURE 8: EU POWER MIX 2014 (MW)

FIGURE 6: NET ELECTRICITY GENERATING INSTALLATIONS IN THE EU 2000-2014 (MW)

The net growth since 2000 of wind power (116.8 GW), gas (101.3 GW) and solar PV (87.9 GW) was at the expense of fuel oil (down 25.3 GW), coal (down 24.7 GW) and nuclear (down 13.2 GW). The other renewable technologies (biomass, hydro, waste, CSP, geothermal and ocean energies) have also been increasing their installed capacity over the past decade, albeit more slowly than wind and solar PV.

Net changes in EU installed power capacity 2000-2014

The EU’s power sector continues to move away from fuel oil, coal, nuclear and gas while increasing its total installed generating capacity with wind and solar PV. In 2014 gas decommissioned more MW than what it installed but still has the most overall built capacity.

8 THE EUROPEAN WIND ENERGY ASSOCIATION

116,759.6

101,276.8

87,926

7,777.9 6,964.9 2,309 2,196.4 250.1 143.2 14.28

(13,190)

(24,745.7) (25,293.8)

-35,000

-15,000

5,0000

25,000

45,000

65,000

85,000

105,000

125,000

Gas Wind PV Biomass Hydro Waste CSP Peat Ocean Coal Nuclear Fuel oil Geo-thermal

Coal132,584.1

24.3%

Nuclear122,966.3

22.6%Hydro

112,918.920.7%

Gas92,941.8

17.1%

Fuel Oil, 61,705.7 11.3%

Wind, 12,887 2.4%

Biomass, 4,578.2 0.8% Waste, 2,123 0.4% Peat, 1,667.3 0.3% Geothermal, 591.6 0.1%

PV, 125 0.02%

Gas200,442.4

22.%

Coal164,390.2

18.1%

Hydro140,686.3

15.5%

Wind128,751.4

14.1%

Nuclear122,328.313.4%

PV, 88,000 9.7%

Fuel Oil, 43,765 4.8%Biomass, 12,282.4 1.3%

Waste, 4,253.6 0.5% CSP, 2,314 0.3% Peat, 1,807.6 0.2%

Geothermal, 810 0.1%Ocean, 262.9 0.03%

capacity increased from 24.4% of total power capacity in 2000 to 41.5% in 2014.


Total installed power capacity

Annual wind power installations in the EU have increased steadily over the past 14 years from 3.2 GW

in 2000 to 11.8 GW in 2014, a CAGR of 9.8%.

A closer look at wind power installations

FIGURE 9: ANNUAL WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS IN EU (GW)

3.21

4.43

5.91 5.46

5.84 6.54

7.18

8.97 8.48

10.27 9.85 9.66

12.06

11.16 11.79

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

10


THE EUROPEAN WIND ENERGY ASSOCIATION10 THE EUROPEAN WIND ENERGY ASSOCIATION

National breakdown of wind power installations

In 2000, the annual wind power installations of the three pioneering countries – Denmark, Germany and Spain – represented 85% of all EU wind capacity. By 2013, they represented only 36.2% of total installa-tions. In 2014 installations in the three pioneering countries together represented 45.6% of the EU market and were mainly driven by the 63% German market growth.

Moreover, in 2000, the countries that make up the 132 newer EU Member States had no wind energy, while

in 2014 they reached 7.9% of the EU’s total market. However, 85.7% of those installations were in just two countries: Poland and Romania.

This indicates that the policy instability facing renew-ables in numerous countries in the EU is leading to an increased concentration of wind energy installation in a handful of countries with stable frameworks.

FIGURE 10: SHARE OF EU WIND POWER MARKET, PIONEERING COUNTRIES, NEWER MEMBER STATES, AND THE REST OF EU (GW)

2000 2005 2010 2012 2013 2014 0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2.7

3.6

3.4 3.7 4.1

5.4

0.5

2.8

5.0 6.1

5.5

5.5

0 0.1

1.5 2.2 1.7 0.9

Pioneers Other EU MS Newer Member States

2 Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia.


Cumulative wind power installations

A total of 128.8 GW is now installed in the European Union, a growth of 9.8% on the previous year and lower than the record growth registered in 2012 (+12% compared to 2011). Germany remains the EU country with the largest installed capacity, followed by Spain, the UK, France and Italy. Ten other EU countries have

over 1 GW of installed capacity: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Greece, Ireland, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania and Sweden.

Three of the latter (Denmark, Portugal and Sweden), have more than 4 GW of installed wind energy capacity.

Onshore and offshore annual markets

Offshore wind installations in 2014 were 5.3% less than in 2013, with 1,483.3 MW of new capacity grid connected. Offshore wind power installations represent 12.6% of the annual EU wind energy market, down from 14% in 2013.

FIGURE 11: ANNUAL ONSHORE AND OFFSHORE INSTALLATIONS (MW)

4,377

5,7435,186

5,749

6,454

7,097

8,6328,109

9,704

9,030 8,920

10,665

9,592

10,308

51

170276

90

90

93

318373

575 883 874

1,1661,567

1,483

1,000

3,000

5,000

7,000

9,000

11,000

13,000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Onshore Offshore

FIGURE 12: CUMULATIVE WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS IN THE EU (GW)

12.9 17.3 23.1

28.5 34.4 40.8 48

56.7 65.1

75.3 85.1

94.5 106.2

117.3 128.8

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

12


THE EUROPEAN WIND ENERGY ASSOCIATION12 THE EUROPEAN WIND ENERGY ASSOCIATION

FIGURE 13: EU MEMBER STATE MARKET SHARES FOR TOTAL INSTALLED CAPACITY (GW). TOTAL 128.8 GW

Germany (39.2 GW) and Spain (23 GW) have the largest cumulative installed wind energy capacity in Europe. Together they represent 48.3% of total EU capacity. The UK, France and Italy follow with, respectively, 12.4 GW (9.7% of total EU capacity), 9.3 GW (7.2%) and 8.7 GW

(6.7%). Amongst the newer Member States, Poland, with 3.8 GW (3% of cumulative capacity), is now in the top 10, in front of Romania (3 GW, 2.3%), and the Netherlands is eleventh with 2.8 GW (2.2%).

Source: EWEA

Germany39.2

30.4%

Spain23

17.9%UK12.49.7%

France, 9.3 7.2%

Italy, 8.7 6.7%

Sweden, 5.4 4.2%

Portugal, 4.9 3.8%

Denmark, 4.8 3.8%

Poland, 3.8 3%

Romania, 3 2.3%Netherlands, 2.8 2.2%

Ireland, 2.3 1.8%

Austria, 2.1 1.6%

Greece, 2 1.5%

Belgium, 2 1.5%

Bulgaria, 0.7 0.5%

Finland, 0.6 0.5%

Croatia, 0.3 0.3%

Hungary, 0.3 0.3%

Estonia, 0.3 0.2%

Czech Republic, 0.3 0.2%

Lithuania, 0.3 0.2%

Cyprus, 0.1 0.1%

Latvia, 0.1 0.05% Luxembourg, 0.1 0.05%

The wind energy capacity currently installed in the EU would produce in an average wind year 284 TWh of

electricity, enough to cover 10.2% of the EU’s total electricity consumption3.

3 Wind energy penetration levels are calculated using average capacity factors onshore and offshore and Eurostat electricity con-sumption figures (2012). Consequently, table 1 indicates the approximate share of consumption met by the installed wind energy capacity at the end of 2014. The figure does not represent real wind energy production over a calendar year. The most recent data (2012) for EU 28 final energy consumption of electricity from Eurostat, is 2,798 TWh. Eurostat, online table code [nrg_105a], extracted on 21 January 2015.

Wind power penetration

Total EU electricity

consumption(TWh)

Onshore wind energy production

(TWh)

Offshore wind energy production

(TWh)

Share of EU consumption met by onshore wind

(TWh)

Share of EU consumption met by offshore wind

Share of EU consumption met

by wind

2,798 254.43 29.59 9.1% 1.1% 10.2%

ewea annual-statistics-2014

Documents

wind power penetration

renewable power installations

eu installed power capacity

gw of new power capacity

new installations

annual installations

cumulative installations

wind energy data euoea