Department of Water Supply & Sanitation, Punjab

Ex-situ Treatment Technologies for Grey Water Management

Grey & Black Water Management

• Brief Overview• Challenges & Issues• Approach & Strategy• Information, Education & Communication (IEC)• Capacity Building• Technologies adopted & Pilots

Contents

Brief Overview

• Village ponds are integral part of Rural Punjab• Primarily constructed for harvesting rain water and bathing

of domestic animals• Total number of villages in Punjab - 13726• Population in the villages ranges from 108 to 9000• Different interventions required to deal with the problem

Issues & Challenges

• Manifold increase in provision of drinking water to villages

• Individual submersible pumps further add to the enhanced availability of water

• Excessive leaching of nutrients in pond

• Encroachments have reduced the effective size of village ponds

• Increase in population and urbanization in villages

• Lack of awareness regarding waste water reuse among the communities

• Reluctance in managing the assets by Gram Panchayats

Approach & Strategy

• Re-modelling village ponds as waste water treatment plant

• Focus on natural treatment mechanisms

• Strong community participation in designing, construction and operation

• Adopting less technical, easily maintainable technologies

• Usage of treated water for agriculture & horticulture

• Prevention of diseases due to non stagnation of wastewater in streets

Information, Education & Communication

Capacity Building

• Participation of officers of the Department in training programs on Rural Waste Water Management organized by Centre for Science and Environment

• Knowledge transfer to stakeholders regarding safe, adaptable and sustainable technologies for managing toilet waste.

• Understanding of decentralized technologies to manage grey and black water

• Training on how to reuse wastewater and faecal sludge

Technologies Adopted

• Individual soak pits constructed to

cater household grey water

• Soak pits have also been constructed

in schools to manage grey water from

mid-day meal kitchens, prevent

stagnation and breeding of

mosquitoes, and recharge ground

water

• Requires low capital cost, small area

required, simple and can be built with

locally available materials

Before & after the implementation

• The waste water collected via drainage system is passed to large shallow basins or ponds

excavated at suitable land site and placed serially as a stabilization system in which waste

water is stabilized

• Its pathogenicity is reduced and the stabilized water becomes useable.

• In this system, the collected waste water is stabilized by natural processes involving algae,

bacteria and natural oxidation processes

• Hot climate is very suitable, solar radiation and light is good for efficient functioning of this

system

Waste Stabilization Ponds - I

• Solids retained at households

by installing intercepting

tank at household level

• Liquid waste reaches through

pipe sewer at waste

stabilization pond

• Rain water is segregated as

it flows through an open drain

network

Current Projects • Department of Rural Development and Panchayats, Govt of Punjab has

adopted the Seechewal model for pond rejuvenation and grey watermanagement

• The project is being implemented in more than 1500 villages across 110 Blocks• The model as envisaged by Sant Balbir Singh Seechewal has been further

upgraded by Thapar University Patiala• Funds available under various schemes - Finance Commission Grants, Smart

Village Project, MGNREGA, Swachh Bharat Mission are being used incovergence to carry out these projects.

WASTE STABLIZATION POND IIDesigned by Thapar College of Engineering Patiala

Screening ChamberDigestion Unit

(Well 1)

Skimming tank (Well 2)

Stabilization tank / Primary sedimentation

tank (Well 3)

Oxidation Pond(Facultative Pond)

Storage Tank

• Sewage/ waste water is collected in a

pond where a screen chamber is used to

filter objects flowing in the water

• Then polluted water taken into two wells

where silt and other extaneous materials

settle before it flows into the third well

• Where it is treated using natural hot

weather and solar light

• The treated water rich in nutrients is

further used for agriculture and plantation

purposes

Waste Stabilization Pond

• Augmenting Waste Stabilization

ponds based existing Small

bore Sewerage Schemes with

Root Zone technology to

contain the BoD within the

prescribed standards of 30mg/l

• Piloted using Typha plants

(Botanical name – Typha

Latifolia)

Plant Growth

Root Zone Technology (Pilot)

• TYPHA plantation technology is suitable for

rural areas as it does not require skilled

operation or power

• Easy to install

• It has minimal operational & maintenance cost.

• Self sustaining growth

• Requires very less area for plantation (vary

between 1 to 1.5 sqm. per capita).

• The effluent BoD levels of maturation pond have

decreased from 90mg/l to 23mg/l

Results and findings

Parameters Inlet OutletBoD 198 mg/l 90 mg/lCoD 528 mg/l 304 mg/l

Parameters Inlet OutletBoD 66 mg/l 14 mg/lCoD 296 mg/l 184 mg/l

Parameters Inlet OutletBoD 195 mg/l 23 mg/lCoD 382 mg/l 93 mg/l

Nano Bubble Technology (Pilot)Pilot testing of technology at sewerage treatment plant of

village Chatamli, District Ropar

Advantages

• Increases Dissolved Oxygen (DO) levels rapidly

• Removes bad smell & kills anaerobic microbes

• Decomposes sludge at the bottom of the water body

• Stimulates self-purification to recover clean water

environment

• Degradation of organic compounds, reduction of excess

nutrients and elimination of floating algae

Nano-bubbles are miniature gas bubbles

in liquid, less than 200 nanometer in

diameter which have several unique

properties

• Longevity

• Virtual disappearance of buoyancy,

high Internal pressure

• Extremely large surface / volume

ratio

• High oxygen dissolution rate and

generation of free radicals

Parameters BOD (mg/l)

COD (mg/l)

TSS(mg/l)

Faecal Coliform

(MPN/100ml)06-04-2020

(Outlet) 353 712 495 172

06-07-2020 (Outlet)

27 296 55.7 < 1

Facultative Pond

Parameters BOD (mg/l)

COD (mg/l)

TSS(mg/l)

Faecal Coliform

(MPN/100ml)16-03-2020(from within) 27 178 26 23

06-07-2020 (outlet)

17 200 14.4 33

Maturation Pond

Results and findings

S. No. Technology Applicability Area requirement CAPEX O & M

1 Individual Soak pits (Magic pits)

Grey water only Very small

22.50 lacs (for 250 households Individual magic soak pits @ Rs.

9000 each)

Minimal (only requires cleaning of grit)

2Small Bore Size Sewerage

System (SBSSS) WSPbased

Both grey & black water High 90-100 lacs

Less (requires cleaning of IC, Septic tanks, monthly

tariff Rs. 30-50

3 Waste Stabilization ponds -Thapar model

Both grey & black water Medium 15-18 lacs Less (Cleaning of tanks,

de-silting)

5 Typha plantation on existing WSP

Both grey & black water

High 40-50 lacs Minimal

6 Nano bubble technology (Pilot)

Both grey & black water Low Outsourcing of

Machine1.5 - 2 lacs

(Service Cost per 10 ponds)

Costing

Thank You!

• Technology option I - Anaerobic pond followed by reed bed + maturation ponds

(Optional)

• Technology option II - Anaerobic pond followed by facultative pond and disposal onto

land for irrigation as per Karnal Technology + maturation ponds (Optional)

• Technology option III - Anaerobic pond followed by facultative aerated lagoon +

maturation ponds (Optional)

• Technology option IV - Anaerobic pond followed by facultative pond and disposal onto

land for irrigation as per Karnal Technology

WSP based treatment technologies (Pilot)

Diagram

SCREEN CHAMBER

GRIT CHAMBER

ANAE

ROBI

C PO

ND

ANAE

ROBI

C PO

ND

MAT

URA

TIO

N P

ON

D 1

MAT

URA

TIO

N P

ON

D 2INLET

INLET

OUTLET

FACU

LTAT

IVE

PON

D

FACU

LTAT

IVE

PON

D

Pilot (Technology Option - I)Anaerobic pond followed by facultative pond and maturation ponds

SCREEN CHAMBER

GRIT CHAMBER

ANAE

ROBI

C PO

ND

ANAE

ROBI

C PO

ND

REEDBED

MAT

URA

TIO

N

PON

D 1

MAT

URA

TIO

NPO

ND

2

INLET

INLET

OUTLET

MAT

URA

TIO

N

PON

D 3

OPTIONAL

Anaerobic Pond followed by Reed bed Technology + maturation ponds (Optional)

Pilot (Technology Option - II)

SCREEN CHAMBER

GRIT CHAMBER

ANAE

ROBI

C PO

ND

ANAE

ROBI

C PO

ND

AERA

TED

LAGO

ON

PAR

T 1

MAT

URA

TIO

N

PON

D 1

MAT

URA

TIO

NPO

ND

2

INLET

INLET

OUTLET

MAT

URA

TIO

N

PON

D 3

OPTIONAL

AERA

TED

LAGO

ON

PAR

T 2

Pilot (Technology Option - III)Anaerobic pond followed by facultative aerated lagoon + maturation ponds (Optional)

SCREEN CHAMBER

GRIT CHAMBER

ANAE

ROBI

C PO

ND

ANAE

ROBI

C PO

ND

FACU

LTAT

IVE

PON

D

FACU

LTAT

IVE

PON

D

INLET

INLET

1 m

3 m

1:10.5 m

RIDGE

1.5 mRIDGE KARNAL TECHNOLOGY

Pilot (Technology Option - IV)

Anaerobic pond followed by facultative pond and disposal onto land for irrigation as per Karnal Technology

Back

S. No. District Village Technology

Option

1 Sangrur Sultanpur I

2 Sangrur Mankheri I

3 Sangrur Kammomajra Khurd I

4 Tarntaran Nikki Manochahal I

5 Tarntaran Tung I

6 Jalandhar Bahadurpur I

7 Kapurthala Bohani I

8 Fatehgarh Sahib Chanarthal Kalan III

9 Fatehgarh Sahib Anaitpura III

10 Fatehgarh Sahib Bharri III

Ponds Piloted By DWSSDWSS is piloting Technology option I and III, rest being piloted by PPCB & Rural

Development department