exam fee 2012-13_final

8/13/2019 Exam FEE 2012-13_Final

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1

Exam Foundations of Ecological Economics10.00-12.00h, January 30, 2013

This is a closed book examination. The exam consists of 10 questions. For each questionyou can receive a maximum of 1 point. Answer the questions concisely and in English,

and please write as clearly as possible. Do not use space outside the boxes.

Question 1What is the difference between a pecuniary and a technological externality? Are theseexternalities exceptions? Motivate your answers.

Difference:

Exceptions?

8/13/2019 Exam FEE 2012-13_Final


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Question 2Show in the diagram below, using the notion of an abatement-cost curve, that a pollutiontax is dynamically efficient, meaning that it can stimulate the adoption of a newtechnology. Indicate also in the figure what happens then to the level of abatement.

Diagram

8/13/2019 Exam FEE 2012-13_Final


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Question 3How would you evaluate the Kyoto protocol from the perspective of the policy criteriaefficiency, effectiveness and equity? Motivate your answers.

Efficiency:

Effectiveness:

Equity:

8/13/2019 Exam FEE 2012-13_Final


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Question 4What is your position in the growth debate and why? Give a main theoretical andempirical argument. Explain an obvious policy implication of your position.

Position:

Theoretical argument:

Empirical argument:

Policy implication:

8/13/2019 Exam FEE 2012-13_Final


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Question 5Describe the functioning of the environmental policy instrument of tradable pollution

permits. What is its advantage over a regulatory tax and command-and-control (e.g., auniform standard)?

Description:

Advantage over a tax:

Advantage over a uniform standard:

8/13/2019 Exam FEE 2012-13_Final


8/13/2019 Exam FEE 2012-13_Final


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Question 7One founding text of ecological economics is Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen's "The entropylaw and the economic process" (1971). Could you please explain briefly why Georgescu-Roegen thought the Entropy Law was relevant for the industrial economy and thereforealso for economics?

Explain:

8/13/2019 Exam FEE 2012-13_Final


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Question 8Kosoy and Corbera (2010) describe three traits in the commodification of ecosystemservices. Please explain each of them and highlight three additionalethical/methodological critiques to such commodification (indicating relevant authors)

Trait 1:

Trait 2:

Trait 3:

3 additional critiques:

8/13/2019 Exam FEE 2012-13_Final


8/13/2019 Exam FEE 2012-13_Final


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Question 10Of the following list of ecosystem services (see Table below):

a) Note the ecosystem service category they belong to according to the MillenniumEcosystem Assessment framework and The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity

report; b) Indicate the type of unit or indicator you would use to quantify each ecosystem serviceflow in biophysical terms;c) Highlight the economic valuation method that may be most suitable to capture its(monetary) value.

Ecosystem service Ecosystem servicecategory

Unit / indicator Economic valuationmethod

Climate regulation

Water purification

Habitat for species

Ecotourism

Erosion control

d) In the context of existing controversies regarding the use of money tags for valuingnon-market ecosystem services, choose from the Table above the ecosystem servicewhich monetization would be most problematic according to you and explain why.

Chosen ecosystem service:

Reasoned argumentation:

exam fee 2012-13_final

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