exam techniques – multiple choice, short answers choice questions; ... a sociology exam (so336)...
TRANSCRIPT
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Exam Techniques –
Multiple Choice, Short
Answers
29/iii/2017
Shaun Theobald
The Student Learning Advisory Service
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Key terms/concepts
• Rubric and instructions
• Timing
• Weighting
• Module structure
• Module-structured revision
• Skim-reading exam paper
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Key terms/concepts
• MCQs:
– Stem statements; ‘Distractors’; 3-Layer
responses
• SAQs:
– Planning; TEE paragraphs
• Editing/reviewing
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Exams: Two Approaches
• 1.Negativity, nihilism, futility and despair..
– “There’s no point in revising etc.”
• See Homer Simpson: “Trying is the first
step on the road to failure<”
• 2.A positive, organised and structured
approach: constructive optimism
• Approach 2 does not banish exam anxiety
etc., but it allows you to control it!
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Long-term Preparation
• [Revision]
• Practice questions and answers
• Familiarity with past papers
• Familiarity with UoK rules and regulations
• https://www.kent.ac.uk/student-
records/exams/students/informationforstude
nts.html
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Preparation for Exam Day
• Night before - RELAX & SLEEP
• Breakfast/Lunch - BRAIN FOOD
– [Nutrition helps thinking!]
• Exam requirements - student card
- writing materials etc.
• Approved calculator, where required
• Clothes – be COMFORTABLE
– Try several layers of clothing [Sports Hall]
• Travel - enough time to arrive without rushing
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Arriving at the Exam Hall
• Don’t mix with people who make you nervous
• No last minute cramming
• Wish others good luck
• Walk assertively, smile
• Get there (reasonably) early
• Leave time for relaxation exercises
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Inside the Exam Hall
• Find your place
• Check table and chair for wobbles
• Check exam paper is the right one
• Settle in and organise your workspace
• Make yourself comfortable
• Breathe deeply
• Listen to the invigilator’s instructions
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Read the Rubric
COMPUTING LABORATORY
CO320/07 INTRODUCTION TO OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
Thursday, 10 May 2007 : 9.30 − 11.30
There are SIX questions, ONE in Section A and FIVE in Section B. Candidates should answer
ALL the questions.
Calculators are not permitted.
Answer Section A in its own booklet.
Answer each question in Section B in its own booklet.
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Reading the Paper
• Check the instructions<!• Choose your questions, where
allowed
• Sketch out a time plan
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What are Examiners Looking For?
• An answer to the question!
• A thoughtful, reasoned response
• A response that demonstrates your learning
- concepts, ideas, theories, link, key date or
dates, connections, positions, arguments
- See Learning Outcomes for modules!
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What are Examiners Looking
For?• Clear handwriting and fluent presentation
– CLEAR responses to MC questions – one
final answer!
• In writing, concise argument and logical
answer
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What are Examiners Looking For?
Exams are intended to be fair
Examiners want to award marks,
not take them away
Tutors want students to pass, not fail
BUT: Examiners can only mark
what is on the paper
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Multiple Choice Questions;
Short Answer Questions
• Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) and
Short Answer Questions (SAQs) require
specific techniques
• All the generic points above apply, but
there are specific implications for revision,
and answering the question(s)
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Revising for MCQs/SAQs
• These forms of exam assessment cover
the whole of a module
• They test widely, therefore
• They are a quick way of assessing your
knowledge
• Individual MCQs/SAQs target precise
areas
• But they can come from anywhere within
the module!
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Revising for MCQs/SAQs
• But remember, nothing can ever be
assessed on a module that is not covered
by the module specification!
• However, in preparing for MCQs/SAQs
you have to ‘learn it all’!
• This is especially the case with STEM
subjects, e.g. Computer Science
– [And of course you can’t learn ‘part of’ e.g.
programming etc.!]
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Revising for MCQs/SAQs
• In contrast, your approach to some social
science subjects might be less inclusive
• For example, a Sociology exam (SO336)
might include essay-type questions on the
family, religion, education, labour,
ethnicity, identity, health, childhood etc.
• A candidate might chose to leave out two
or three areas in preparation, and still give
themselves a good chance of passing
well!
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Revising for MCQs/SAQs:
Implications• But with MCQs/SAQs you cannot ‘leave
out’ two or three areas!
• So, there are three big points that need to
be made:
– Revision for MCQs/SAQs must be
comprehensive and inclusive>
– BUT it must be achievable, not
overwhelming>
– AND the form(s) of revision must facilitate
answering MCQs/SAQs effectively!
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Handling MCQs and SAQs in
the Exam• Individual short assessments are not
isolated ‘atoms’ of knowledge
• In the exam, it may seem that a stream of
individual short ‘bullets’ are being fired at
you!
– Cf. Computer games, Space Invaders (1978)!
• But every individual MCQ/SAQ is
organically linked to a whole sequence
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Handling MCQs and SAQs in
the Exam• They are embedded within the logic,
sequence and total content of the module
• Your best chance of handling these
questions is to understand the overall logic
and structure of the module
• As a starting point for revision, and exam
preparation, re-visit the whole structure of
the module
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Revising for MCQs/SAQs• Look at –
– The module specification/outline
– Course documents
• Lists of lectures
• Lists of seminars
• Assignment titles
– Your existing notes – lecture notes etc.
• Now draw up a list of the main topic areas
in the module
• Try and isolate important areas, not ‘sub-
topics’
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Revising for MCQs/SAQs
• Aim to understand
– The underlying assumptions behind the
module
– The logic and development of module content
– The order and sequence of topics
– The way in which topics are linked
– The way in which the module is delivered
• In short, the way the module, ‘comes
together’<
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Revising for MCQs/SAQs
• You are aiming for detail, but make your
list manageable
• Once you have broken down the module
into key areas, divide these up into
sections
• Produce brief notes/diagrams etc. –
whatever form of revision notes work for
you – for each section
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Revising for MCQs/SAQs
• Arrange these notes according to the
chronology, order and sequence of the
module<BUT<
• Make your notes portable, and
transferable
• You can then quickly re-shuffle them, and
carry them around to work on
– E.g. Index cards; large post-its; memos on a
‘phone; short MS Word documents etc.
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Revising for MCQs/SAQs
• You will have revision material that you
can use
– Constantly
– In a variety of contexts
– That isolates individual areas
– That links these to the overall module
structure
– That anticipates MCQ/SAQ assessments
• A final tip: try and generate your own
MCQs/SAQs as a way of revising
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Sample MCQs/SAQs
• BI300 Introduction to Biochemistry, 2016
“By what type of bond are the two carbons in the
molecule C(2)H(4) connected?
(a) By a single bond
(b) By a double bond
(c) By a triple bond
(d) By a quadruple bond
(e) The two carbons are not connected by a
bond”<
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Sample MCQs/SAQs
• CO328 Human Computer Interaction, 2016
“Short questions
(a) What is meant by chunking? How does
chunking affect GUI design? [4 marks]
(b) With regard to human memory, what is a
retrieval cue? Give two examples of cues in
interface design. [4 marks]”<
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Sample MCQs/SAQs
• EC 313 Microeconomics for Business, 2016
“There are eight questions, each to be
marked out of five. In each case, answer
‘True’, ‘False’ or ‘Depends’, and then explain
why in a few sentences plus, if appropriate,
a diagram. You will receive 2 marks for a
correct answer, and the other 3 marks will
be awarded according to the quality of your
explanation.
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Sample MCQs/SAQs
1. The railway system is a natural monopoly
2. The monopolist always charges a lower
price than a firm operating under perfect
competition.”<
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Handling MCQs and SAQs in
the Exam• Read the rubric and instructions carefully
• Pay particular attention to exclusions/limits
– “<two questions from Section A, and one
question from Section B<”
• Look at the weighting of the marks
– Do not spend too much time on questions that
only carry a few marks!
– Equal marks per question = equal time!
• Draw up a quick, and realistic, time-plan
for the whole exam
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Handling MCQs and SAQs in
the Exam• Allow time for editing/going back through
answers
• Skim-read the paper and questions
• Where you think of a point/a piece of
information at once, make a very brief note
against the question
• Now start your answers – keeping your
time-plan in sight!
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Multiple Choice Questions:
Structure1. The ‘Stem’: a short statement setting out
the problem/question – e.g. ”Which of the
following is a true statement.”
2. One correct answer
3. Several ‘distracters’/ ‘seducers’ –
plausible answers and incorrect answers
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Selecting the Right Answer
• Don’t rely on recognition alone
�Recognition is based on familiarity
�‘Good’ distracters/ seducers will all look
familiar
• At first, try to answer the stem without
looking at the possible alternatives
• Pay attention to ‘quantifiers’ such as ‘all’,
‘always’, ‘never’ etc.
• Pay attention to specific terminology
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Selecting the Right Answer
• You may know the right answer straight
away/fairly quickly
• If not, try and think logically –
– First, exclude incorrect answers
– Second, look at ‘maybe’ answers
– Third, select from these what seems most
likely
• Rely on intuition/ “a hunch” only as a last
resort!
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Selecting the Right Answer
• Once you start to work through MCQs,
take a structured approach
• Firstly, re-visit your time-plan for the exam
• Make sure you divide your time evenly
across the MCQs
• Don’t get stuck on an individual MCQ!
• Keep moving, and keep an eye on the
clock!
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Selecting the Right Answer
• Aim to work through all the MCQs
systematically, in 3 layers/stages/readings
• Firstly, answer all the questions you are
sure about: the “Yes” questions
– Keep moving forward, ignoring any questions
you are unsure of, or really don’t know!
• Secondly, read through again and try and
answer some of the questions you are
unsure of
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Selecting the Right Answer– Convert the ‘maybes’ into ‘yes’
– Don’t worry too much about the really hard
questions<
– Keep moving forwards in a timely way!
• Finally, read through again from the
beginning and concentrate on the
‘Difficult’/’Don’t know’ questions that are
left
– Try and use logic, or an ‘educated guess’, to
convert these to ‘yes’
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Proof reading/Editing MCQs
• Once you have attempted each question,
leave some time to re-visit/edit your
answers
• Ideally, move on to another part of the
exam and then go back to the MCQs
– But make sure you don’t run out of time to
edit!
– If you think you will, then go back through all
the questions immediately after your third
read-through!
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Proof reading/Editing MCQs• Re-check all your answers: are you sure?!
– Make sure that you haven’t misidentified any
‘distractors’!
• Make sure your answers are clear and
unambiguous – one answer for each
MCQ, everything else eliminated
• If you are completely unsure, NEVER
leave an MCQ unanswered
– If you chose randomly, ex 4 questions, you
have a 25% chance of being right!
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SAQs
• Strong questions first, weak ones later?
– + Encourages confidence; gets your thought
‘flowing’/ - You may spend too much time on
questions you already know
• Weak questions first, strong ones later?
– + Gets areas of doubt out of the way; better
time-management/ - By concentrating on
areas of doubt you may undermine self-
confidence
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SAQsIf you need to write a short text:
• Draw up answer plan
• Jot down (for each question at a time?)
– key points
– data or formulae
– steps in a process
• Go straight to the point (no long introduction)
• Don’t waste time by repeating the
question!
• Cross out rough work afterwards
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SAQs
• Try and make your writing neat and
grammatical
• Use clear, concise sentences
– c.f. Abstracts for journal articles
• In one-paragraph answers, work with
paragraph structure: Topic sentence/
Explanation & expansion/ Evidence (short
citation, where needed) - TEE
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SAQs
• Look at the weighting
• Little point in spending too much time on a
question that only gains 5 marks!
• Divide time/energies appropriately
• Keep your time-plan in front of you!
• Leave time for editing!– Is your writing clear?
– Check key terms/ spelling/formula/data etc.
– Diagrams – labelled, integrated?
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The Last Few Minutes<
• Read everything, make corrections and
additions
• Tidy up your script
• Cross out rough work
• Number/sort answer booklets
• Final check - ensure all answers are
correctly identified: no ambiguity as to
which question you are answering!
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Afterwards<
• Avoid post-mortems!
• Take a clear break
• Move on to the next period of
revision/exam and maintain sleep routine
• Do you feel it’s gone badly?
– You may be surprisingly wrong!
– Start thinking about the next exam..or
– Take a break before results<
– Too much introspection damages motivation!
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Summary• Rubric and instructions
• Timing
• Weighting
• Module structure
• Module-structured revision
• Skim-reading exam paper
• MCQs:
– Stem statements; ‘Distractors’; 3-Layer responses
• SAQs:
– Planning; TEE paragraphs
• Editing/reviewing
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Good luck>
• Hopefully, there have been some tips and
techniques in this workshop that will help
you<
• Success in exams depends on your
academic knowledge BUT<
• You can learn to cope with exams better!
• Unless – to return to Homer Simpson - you
think, “Every time I learn something new, it
pushes something else out”<☺
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Good luck>.• For all your studies, and for the 2017
Examinations!
• Any questions: Shaun Theobald
• Further support:
– www.kent.ac.uk/uelt/learning