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Examining The C-RAN Business CaseFor Mobile Operators
Examining The C-RAN Business CaseFor Mobile Operators
RAN & Backhaul Networks, BerlinMay 20, 2015
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Cloud RAN Defined
Centralization Virtualization Cloud RAN
› Baseband processing indata center or at“macrocell hub”
› Remote radio atantenna on site
› High-capacityconnectivity (fronthaul)
› Opex benefits
› General purpose processorsplatform
› Opex & capex benefits(leverage IT infrastructureeconomics)
Stage 1 Stage 2
Virtual RANDistributed RAN
2
› Baseband processing indata center or at“macrocell hub”
› Remote radio atantenna on site
› High-capacityconnectivity (fronthaul)
› Opex benefits
› General purpose processorsplatform
› Opex & capex benefits(leverage IT infrastructureeconomics)
Implemented inJapan & Korea
Implemented inJapan & Korea Under developmentUnder development Field tests & trialsField tests & trials
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Cloud RAN: Baseband Virtualization
DistributedarchitectureDistributedarchitecture
3
Aggregating baseband improves implementation of CoMP thatenhances network performance
DistributedarchitectureDistributedarchitecture
Centralized,virtualized
architecture
Centralized,virtualized
architecture
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Baseband Virtualization
› Migration to new technology› Base station consolidation› Applications at the edge
BTS
GSM
RTOS
Core
NodeB
HSPA
RTOS
Core
eNodeB
LTE
RTOS
4
RTOS
Core
Decouple software from hardware
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Evolution to Cloud RAN
BBU1
RRH1
BBU2
RRH2
BH Aggregation
BBUn
RRHn
Center
Site
BBU1
RRH1
Fibe
r
BBU2
RRH2
Fibe
r
BH Aggregation
BBUn
RRHn
Fibe
r
Center Center
DU (GPP/Acceleration)
RRH1
Fibe
r
RRH2
Fibe
r
RRHn
Fibe
r
CPRI Switch
Std.BTS Std. BTS with remote BBU BBU pooling BBU pooling &
virtualization
5
BackhaulPhase 1
Clustered RAN
BackhaulPhase 2
Centralized RAN
BackhaulPhase 3
Cloud RAN
Implemented centralized topology (Phase 1) RAN virtualization R&D
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Benefits & Fundamental Challenge in C-RAN
Cons Pros
Cost
($)
Fronthaulrequirements
6
Fronthaulrequirements
How to reduce fronthaulrequirements to maintainadvantages of C-RAN whilereducing cost of deployment?
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Solution 1: Virtualization Architecture
Core Network
RFPHYMACLayer3
Base Station
Backhaul
Core Network
RFPHYMACMACLayer
Higherline
raterequirem
ents
Where to split?Where to split?
7
RFPHYMACMAC3
Core Network
RFPHYMACLayer3 PHY
Core Network
RFMACLayer3 PHY
RRH
CPRI
Higherline
raterequirem
ents
LowerC
oMP
capacitygain
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Solution 2: Deployment Topology
8
Scenario 1Homogeneous network
with intra-site CoMP
(Virtualized macrocell)
Scenario 2Homogeneous network
with inter-site CoMP
(a. Virtualized macrocell hub;b. baseband in data center)
Scenario 3Heterogeneous
network with low power RRHswithin the macrocell coverage
(a. Virtualized macrocell hub;b. baseband in data center)
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Case Study: Business Case for Asian Operator
› Macro cell deployment
– 3 sectored cell sites
› Dark fiber is available to cell sites
– PTP star topology from fiber center; 50 sites per center
› TDD LTE (Config 1); 20 MHz channel; 4:1 DL/UL traffic ratio
– 104 Mbps peak capacity; 27 Mbps average capacity
› CoMP gain: 16% DL; 20% UL average cell area gain
› Pooled & virtualized base station resources in data center
› Macro cell deployment
– 3 sectored cell sites
› Dark fiber is available to cell sites
– PTP star topology from fiber center; 50 sites per center
› TDD LTE (Config 1); 20 MHz channel; 4:1 DL/UL traffic ratio
– 104 Mbps peak capacity; 27 Mbps average capacity
› CoMP gain: 16% DL; 20% UL average cell area gain
› Pooled & virtualized base station resources in data center
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8-Year Total Cost of Ownership
27%Reduction in
TCO-26 % Opex
10
-28 % Capex
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Capex Analysis
28% Reduction
11
Additional spend on fronthaul offset by reduction in sitebuildout and RAN equipment cost
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Opex Analysis
26% Reduction
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Reduction in energy, site rental and O&M costs
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Statistical & Sensitivity Analysis
› Monte CarloAnalysis– 2% std. deviation
› Cost reductiondrivers– Site rental expense– Site buildout– Operation &
maintenance– Power consumption
› Monte CarloAnalysis– 2% std. deviation
› Cost reductiondrivers– Site rental expense– Site buildout– Operation &
maintenance– Power consumption
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Cost of Capacity ($/Mbps)
36%Reduction in
$/Mbps
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HetNet Deployment Key Assumptions
› Three scenarios– Small cells with backhaul to a macro cell
• Limited coordination of baseband resources
– LP RRH with wireless fronthaul to a macro cell• Full coordination capabilities
– LP RRH with fiber fronthaul to a macro cell• Full coordination capabilities
› Macrocell capex is the same whether or not it is virtualized› 6 Remote cells per macrocell site (2 per sector)› Cost of fiber to small cell/LP RRH site is $500/m› Wireless fronthaul or backhaul is based on V-band (60
GHz): LOS is achieved in one hop
› Three scenarios– Small cells with backhaul to a macro cell
• Limited coordination of baseband resources
– LP RRH with wireless fronthaul to a macro cell• Full coordination capabilities
– LP RRH with fiber fronthaul to a macro cell• Full coordination capabilities
› Macrocell capex is the same whether or not it is virtualized› 6 Remote cells per macrocell site (2 per sector)› Cost of fiber to small cell/LP RRH site is $500/m› Wireless fronthaul or backhaul is based on V-band (60
GHz): LOS is achieved in one hop
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HetNet Deployment TCOKey Takeaways
› 75 m breakeven distance for remotesite between wireless and fiber – caseassumption dependent but in generalit holds that the breakeven point is afew tens of meters
› Advantage of CRAN w. fiber fronthaulis where remote sites are close to themacrocell and have high utilization
› Capacity gain alone is not a sufficientdriver for implementing CRAN at themacrocell (scenario 3). There has to beanother driver to prompt CRANarchitecture at the macro cell (hint:mobile edge applications)
Key Takeaways
› 75 m breakeven distance for remotesite between wireless and fiber – caseassumption dependent but in generalit holds that the breakeven point is afew tens of meters
› Advantage of CRAN w. fiber fronthaulis where remote sites are close to themacrocell and have high utilization
› Capacity gain alone is not a sufficientdriver for implementing CRAN at themacrocell (scenario 3). There has to beanother driver to prompt CRANarchitecture at the macro cell (hint:mobile edge applications)
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A Word About Xona Partners
› Multi-layer technology expertise– Infrastructure, OS, application ecosystem business verticals– Telco, Cloud Migration/Data Center, Data Sciences focus
› Services offering– New business incubation & growth strategies– Due diligence & lifecycle management
› Published C-RAN market report in collaboration withMobile Experts (2nd edition, Jan 2015)
A Boutique Advisory Specialized in Technology BusinessesIncubation
› Multi-layer technology expertise– Infrastructure, OS, application ecosystem business verticals– Telco, Cloud Migration/Data Center, Data Sciences focus
› Services offering– New business incubation & growth strategies– Due diligence & lifecycle management
› Published C-RAN market report in collaboration withMobile Experts (2nd edition, Jan 2015)
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S a n F r a n c i s c o • S i n g a p o r e • D u b a i • P a r i s
X O N A PARTNERSI n n o v a t e. E n a b l e.
Frank Rayal, [email protected]: www.xonapartners.comBlog: http://frankrayal.com