examp and hse
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DollySubstrate
Steel
Example 1
Substrate Dolly
Steel
Example 2
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2
Example 3
STEEL
Example 4
STEEL
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Frosio course hand-out: Section 18 HES
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Frosio 18 HES slide # 1
Safety, Environment and HealthHES
Frosio 18 HES slide # 2
Many risks are involvedwhen working with paints
Safety Explosion and Fire
Health Manufacturing and Surface treatment
Environment Emission to air (VOC) Emission to water (Maintenance) Emission to soil (Waste handling)
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Frosio course hand-out: Section 18 HES
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Frosio 18 HES slide # 3
Safety hazard
Explosion / fire Mainly related to the solvents Remember: Solvents are heavier than air and will
flow along the floor to possible ignition sources High risk areas are:
Close to hot work (welding, gas-cutting,etc.) Confined spaces (Ventilation)
Injuries of persons
High pressure equipment:- Airless spray, Blast cleaning and Waterblasting equipment
Frosio 18 HES slide # 4
Solvents are heavier than air
A fire may start in lowerareas or compartments
Ignorant personnel belowcan be affected
Safety hazard: Solvents
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Frosio course hand-out: Section 18 HES
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Frosio 18 HES slide # 5
Working with solventsrepresents a safety risk
Solvents are heavier thanair
The solvents may flow tolower compartments orareas
Hot work may ignite thesolvents
A fire or an explosionmay be initiated
SHE: Solvents_fire1
Frosio 18 HES slide # 6
You need to know where the safetystations are located
Learn how to use the equipment Time is important in case of accidentsTime is important in case of accidents Photo shows fixed and mobile equipment
CD 4930 no. 14
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Frosio course hand-out: Section 18 HES
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Frosio 18 HES slide # 7
You need to know where the fireextinguishers are located
Learn how to usethe extinguishers
Time is importantTime is importantin case of accidentsin case of accidents
Testing, services
and maintenance isrequired at fixedintervals
CD 4930 no. 15
Frosio 18 HES slide # 8
Safety risk:High pressure equipment
Surface treatment involves equipmentwith very high pressures
Never point any high pressure unitat another person or at yourself !!
Blast cleaning- Mixture of air and particles
Water Jetting- Water up to above 2500 Bar
Airless spray application- Paint
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Frosio course hand-out: Section 18 HES
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Frosio 18 HES slide # 9
Blast-cleaning and water jettingrepresent a safety risk for theoperator
High pressures areinvolved
Never point the guns atyourself or any othernearby person
Always use approvedequipment
Unapproved equipmentmay give inadequateprotection
SHE \ She Glove_and_booth1
Frosio 18 HES slide # 10
Working gloves should alwaysbe used to protect the hands
Different types of gloves for different type of jobs: For protection against solvents, bruises
and for blast-cleaning
CD 4930 no. 04
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Frosio course hand-out: Section 18 HES
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Frosio 18 HES slide # 11
Safety shoes with hard cap
Mandatory in heavy industry Different types are available
CD 4930 no. 05
Frosio 18 HES slide # 12
How can we reduce the possibilityfor accidents to happen ?
Read the Safety Data Sheet and followthe given precautions and advices
Check the surrounding areas for nearbyactivities, particularly welding,machining etc. (remember lower levels)
Ensure proper ventilation and check thedirection where solvents may move
Always use approved and sufficientpersonal protection equipment ofapproved type
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Frosio course hand-out: Section 18 HES
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Frosio 18 HES slide # 13
How flammable is a paint ?
The Flash pointFlash point tells how flammable a Paint is.
The flash point is the lowest temperatureat which the fumes from the solvents
ignite or explode
Classification:Classification:Extremely flammable: Flash point below 0 C
Highly flammable: Flash point between 0 and 21 CFlammable: Flash point between 21 and 55 C
This information can be found in the Safety Data Sheet
Frosio 18 HES slide # 14
Too concentrated Upper explosion limit
Risk of having explosion
Lower explosion limit
Typical range for solvents:1 vol.% (10.000 ppm) - 8 vol.% (80.000 ppm)
Too diluted
Range of concentration where anexplosion might occur
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Frosio course hand-out: Section 18 HES
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Frosio 18 HES slide # 15
Precautions when paintingin confined spaces.
Ensure good ventilation Exhaust points for fumes / solvents
must be close to the bottom Start application from the bottom and
up Always use non-sparking tools Use antistatic clothing with hood
Use masks with air supply Use boots and gloves Safety lines Sufficient rest periods
Never smokeor use naked flames !
Frosio 18 HES slide # 16
Dangerous Practice!
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Frosio course hand-out: Section 18 HES
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Frosio 18 HES slide # 17
Evaluation ofEnvironmental hazards
Eco-toxicological data Toxicity for organisms at different trophic
levelsBioaccumulation data Accumulation of substances in organismsDegradation data Rate of biotic and abriotic degradation
Dangerous for the Ozon layerLife Cycle Assessment Health and environmental impacts Energy consumption and handling of waste
Frosio 18 HES slide # 18
Evaluation of health hazards
Gives the main healthimpacts
Includes toxicologicalaspects
Toxicological data :- Acute: LD50 and LC 50 values
Irritation and sensitization- Chronic effects
Cancerogenic, mutagenic,reproduction and neurotoxic
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Frosio course hand-out: Section 18 HES
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Frosio 18 HES slide # 19
Where to find / seek informationabout SHE related matters
Legislation and Regulations fromauthorities
Companys internal safety system Safety Data Sheets Label on tin of the Paint Experienced colleagues Suppliers of equipment or products
Frosio 18 HES slide # 20
SymbolsDanger for the environment
This symbol may be found inSafety Data Sheets and on the paint tin labels:
The symbol will be found on all
substances classified as hazardousto the environment. So far, no classification criteria
for ready made paint products areimplemented.Dangerous for
the environment
Symbol = N
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Frosio course hand-out: Section 18 HES
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Frosio 18 HES slide # 21
Transportationof dangerous goods Transportation of dangerous goods may
take place by Sea, Road, Rail and morerarely: By air
Responsible organisations are:
Media OrganisationAir IATA International Air Transport Association
Sea IMO International Maritime OrganisationRoad ADR European agreement on international
road transportation of dangerous goodsRail RID International regulations for transportation
of dangerous goods by rail
Frosio 18 HES slide # 22
SymbolsFire and explosion hazards
These symbols can be found inSafety Data Sheets and on the paint tin label
Explosive Oxidizing Extremelyflammable
Highlyflammable
E O F+ F
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Frosio course hand-out: Section 18 HES
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Frosio 18 HES slide # 23
SymbolsHealth hazards
These symbols can be found inSafety Data Sheets and on the paint tin label
Very Toxic Toxic Corrosive Harmful Irritant
T+ T C Xn Xi
Frosio 18 HES slide # 24
Classification of chemicalsE ExplosiveO OxidisingF+ Extremely f lammableF Very flammableT+ Very ToxicT Toxic
C CorrosiveXn HarmfulXi IrritatingIK Not Classified
A SensitizingK Carcenogenic
(cat.1, 2 and3)R Reproduction Hazard
(rep1, 2 and 3)M Mutagenic
(mut.1, 2 and 3)
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Frosio course hand-out: Section 18 HES
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Frosio 18 HES slide # 25
There is a lot of usefulinformation on the label of the tin
Useful information,such as:
Health hazardclassification
Risk phrases Safety phrases
SHE: Label_on_tin1
Frosio 18 HES slide # 26
Label of tin gives useful informationExample of tin label: Thinner no.17
Note the safety and health signs, Risk and Safety (R/S)phrases
Read Material Safety Data Sheet for further information
CD 4930 no. 10
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Frosio course hand-out: Section 18 HES
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Frosio 18 HES slide # 27
Types of information to be found inthe safety data sheet (16 points).
1. Identification of the company2. Composition and ingredients3. Hazard identification4. First aid measure5. Fire fighting Measures6. Accidental release measures7 . Handling and storage
8. Exposure control andpersonal protection
9. Physical and chemicalproperties
10. Stability and reactivity11. Toxicological information12. Ecological information13. Disposal considerations14. Transport information
15. Regulatory information16. Other information
Frosio 18 HES slide # 28
Limit Values. Several expressionsare used. Basically they mean the same.
Threshold Limit Value (TLV), particularly in USA Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL), particularly in UK Administrative norm, particularly in Norway
The concentration level of a specified substance
in a working atmosphere which will notcause harm to a person when inhaling thecontaminated air for more then 8 hours daily
and during a whole working life time.
NOTE: There are no definite limits asindividual differences will exist
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Frosio course hand-out: Section 18 HES
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Frosio 18 HES slide # 29
Occupational Air Requirement (OAR)
The amount of air necessary to dilute the fumesfrom one litre of a paint or product to a
concentration lower than the administrative norm
00 0 - 30 m /l0 30 - 100 m /l1 100 - 400 m /l2 400 - 800 m /l3 800 -1600 m /l4 1600 -3200 m /l5 >3200 m /l
OAR Group OAR Figures
Frosio 18 HES slide # 30
OAR figures for some paints
Type of paint Solvents % solvents OAR figure OAR by weight group
AlkydBitumenEpoxy, 2 pack
Epoxy mastic
Coal tar epoxyZinc ethylsilicateChlorinated rubberVinyl
Vinyl tar
White spirit...Xylene, White spiritXylene, Butanol,Ethylglycol...
Xylene, Toluen,ethylglycol..Xylene,Ethanol, ethylglycolXyleneXylene, Acetate,Ketone...Xylene, White spirit
30 - 6030 - 4050 - 60
15 - 25
30 - 4020 - 3040 - 6060 - 75
60 - 70
800 - 16001600 - 24003200 - 5000
800 - 1200
1600 - 3000800 - 1600
1300 - 38004400 - 6000
3200 - 4000
345
3
43
3-55
5
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Frosio course hand-out: Section 18 HES
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Frosio 18 HES slide # 31
Theoretical calculationof required ventilation. Example:
Tank : 4000 mApplication : 200 litre over a period of 12 hours
Occupational Air Requirement(OAR) : 3000 m per litre (OAR group 4)
Amount of air required: 200 l x 3000 m pr l = 600.000 mAir required per hour : 600.000 m / 12 h = 50.000 m/ h
Number of exchanges per hour:50.000 m per h / 4.000 m = 12.5 X
Frosio 18 HES slide # 32
The solvents will remain in aroom for a long period of time
PPM
1 5 10 15 Hours
900
700
500
300
100
Application by airless spraySolvent: White SpiritVolume paint: 4.5 litrePainted area: 25 mVolume of room: 20 m Ventilation: 100 m per hour
OEL (level may vary)
Highest concentration:1- 2 hours after application
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Frosio course hand-out: Section 18 HES
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Frosio 18 HES slide # 33
Evaporation of solvents during applicationof an object
Area: 10.000 mDry Film thickness: 300 microns
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
Mastic Tar Epoxy Alkyd CR 82 % 65 % 50 % 40 %
Litres ofSolvents
Vol. % Solids
Frosio 18 HES slide # 34
Evaporation of solventsfor different types of paint
Dry film thickness of 100 microns
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
ml/m 2
300
200
100
0
Vol.% Solids
.
. CR / VinylCR / VinylEpoxy TarEpoxy Tar
Epoxy MasticEpoxy Mastic
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Frosio course hand-out: Section 18 HES
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Frosio 18 HES slide # 35
Are we capable of noticingthe presence of solvents ?
In most cases: YesYesWe can smell the Solvents before
the Administrative norm is reached
Odour Threshold (0.5 - 20 ppm)
Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL)(50 - 100 ppm)
Lower explosion limit (LEL) (10.000 ppm)
Frosio 18 HES slide # 36
General precautions forsurface treatment (1 of 3)
Before the work starts Do not start the work without proper training or experience Know all safety routines and where to find
necessary equipment if an accident should occur Read and understand all Safety and Technical Data Sheets
Know all the hazards involved (R phrases) Know all protective measures requires (S phrases) Availability of appropriate, personal protection equipment Evaluate the work place regarding
- Other nearby activities, warning signs,mixing station, first aid kits, ventilation, housekeeping
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Frosio course hand-out: Section 18 HES
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Frosio 18 HES slide # 37
During work Always use appropriate, approved
personal protection equipment Use the tools and equipment correctly to avoid
injuries to others or to yourself Keep all containers / tins closed The work can be exhausting: Take sufficient
rests Keep the work place tidy during the work
General precautions forsurface treatment (2 of 3)
Frosio 18 HES slide # 38
After work Close all Containers / tins Clean the equipment properly Store unused paint and thinners safely
(Paint store)
Throw waste in designated containers.(Hazardous waste)
Clean the personal protection equipmentand store it properly to avoid contamination
Clean yourself with water and cleaningcream
General precautions forsurface treatment (3 of 3)
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Frosio course hand-out: Section 18 HES
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Frosio 18 HES slide # 39
Health hazards duringpre-treatment work.
Blast cleaning Dust Noise Old paint (Heavy metals, dust)
Water jetting Noise Concentrated water mist
(drowning in confined space)
Power tool cleaning Noise Dust
Frosio 18 HES slide # 40
Hard hat
Mandatory at yards Always use approved
types Here, a smart All in
one solution. Hard
hat, protective glassesand ear protection
The gloves shown arevery suitable whenblast-cleaning
CD 4930 no. 03
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Frosio course hand-out: Section 18 HES
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Frosio 18 HES slide # 41
Noise levels whenworking with pre-treatment
The noise levels are often very high. Levels in the range of 120 - 130 decibels
are not rare. In many countries protection of the ears
are prescribed at levels above 85 decibels Investigation has shown that a
considerable part of the equipment hasunsatisfactory noise level
Always use approved types
Frosio 18 HES slide # 42
The hazards of dustDust entering the lungs may cause several diseases:
Silicosis (Inhalation of silica from abrasives and quartz) Asbestosis (From dust of asbestos) Siderosis (From dust of iron oxide) Lung cancer (quarts)
Small particles ( 5 microns) can enter thenarrow parts of the lungs
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Frosio course hand-out: Section 18 HES
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Frosio 18 HES slide # 43
Why protect against dust ?
Oxygen enters the bodythrough the respiratoryorgans and diffuses intothe blood system
Dust may precipitate inthe organs and create abarrier against theuptake of oxygen
A suitable mask will filterthe dust away and cleanair enter the lungs
SHE: Dusk_and_mask1
Frosio 18 HES slide # 44
Respirable dust. Vacuum blasting,free blasting and wet blasting
Respirable dust produced as a function of pressure and addition of water
30
25
2015
10
5
0
30
25
2015
10
5
07 Bar2 Bar 7 Bar2 Bar7 Bar
Free Blasting Wet Blasting1.1 l / min
VacuumBlasting
mg / m % of total
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Frosio 18 HES slide # 45
Size of particles in dustfrom various types of abrasives
The figure shows the relative concentrationof particles less than 5 microns
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
30
25
20
15
10
5
0Al. OxideCast Iron Quartz
SandOlivinSand
Al. Silicate
% of total % of total
Frosio 18 HES slide # 46
Protection against dust and gas
Use approved respirator assembly Mask with filter Unit consisting of support belt, air flow control
valve, breathing tube, hood/helmet with filterunit.
Different contaminants require differentfilters
Dust: Filter P1 - P3 Gas from organic solvents: Filter A1 - A3 Combination-filters (P and A) are recommended
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Frosio course hand-out: Section 18 HES
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Frosio 18 HES slide # 47
This type of maskprotects against dust, only
Various type of filters protect against various types ofdust and different particle / dust size (P1, P2, P3)
Read Material Safety Data Sheet thoroughly
CD 4930 no. 08
Frosio 18 HES slide # 48
Brown filter mask forprotection against solvents
Important to select correct type of filter:Read Material Safety Data Sheet.
Store safely and well protected against contamination
CD 4930 no. 06
Use approvedmasks andfilters only
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Frosio 18 HES slide # 49
Unopened, sealed mask forprotection against solvents and dust.
Important to select correct type of filter:Read Material Safety Data Sheet.
Absorption of impurities and solventsstarts when the seal is broken
CD 4930 no. 07
Frosio 18 HES slide # 50
Gas filters Use gas filters to protect against solvent vapours Filter against organic solvents must have brown
colour code and/or the letter code A Filters to be used for other gases have other colour
codes and letter codes
A1 Lowest degree of protectionA2 Medium degree of protectionA3 Highest degree of protection
Remember to replace gas filters before theybecome saturated!
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Frosio course hand-out: Section 18 HES
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Frosio 18 HES slide # 51
Dust filters Use dust filters to protect against inhaling dust, smoke
and fog. Filters will have the letter code P Are grouped according to how coarse or fine dust they
protect against
P1: Lowest degree of protectionP2: Medium degree of protectionP3: Highest degree of protection
P2 must be used for example when we grind or wirebrush If dust contain toxic or carcinogenic particles, P3 filter
must be used
Frosio 18 HES slide # 52
Combination filters
A combination of gas and dust filtersis often used
This is especially the case whenspray-applying paint
Filters:
A2P2
or
A2P3
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Frosio course hand-out: Section 18 HES
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Frosio 18 HES slide # 53
Health hazardswhen using paints.
BindersBinders Skin contact. Particularly Epoxy, Amines and Isocyanates may
cause skin irritation and Allergic reactions
Other constituents:Other constituents: Tar, Heavy metals
By inhalation Skin contact Ingestion
Solvents: May enter the body in three ways:
Frosio 18 HES slide # 54
Health hazards fromsolvent exposure
Acute effects
Headache Abnormal tiredness Dizziness Nausea
Long term effects
Irritability Loss of memory Organ damages
(kidneys, liver, CNS) Reduced reaction ability Reduced evaluation ability
Skin irritations
Eczema Dry and cracked skin
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Frosio course hand-out: Section 18 HES
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Frosio 18 HES slide # 55
Health hazards whenworking with surface treatment.
Skin contact
Inhalation
Ingestion
Brain and nervoussystem
Eyes
Respiratory system
Skin
KidneysLiver
Reproductivesystem
Hazards:Hazards:
Heart andcirculation system
Gastro intestinaltract
Frosio 18 HES slide # 56
Solvents.Symptoms and diseases
Acute symptoms Dizziness, nausea, headache, insensibility,
irritation of skin, nose and mouth.
Chronic symptoms Brain damage, impact on the nervous system,respiratory system, liver, kidneys, circulationsystem, shaking / loss of feeling, change ofbehaviour / judgement
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Frosio course hand-out: Section 18 HES
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Frosio 18 HES slide # 57
Health hazard:inhalation of solvents
The most dangerous hazard Solvents will be transported by the blood stream to
internal organs of the body. Amount absorbed and the effect on the body will
depend on: Type of solvent, period of exposure,concentration and work load.
May cause damage to: Central nervous system,
respiratory system, liver, kidneys and reproductivesystems,
Protective measures:Proper ventilation.
Use approved, protective mask
Frosio 18 HES slide # 58
Suit covering the whole bodygives good protection
Here: Disposablesuit for paintingwith epoxy
Fresh air mask Gloves
SHE: Disposable_suit1
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Frosio course hand-out: Section 18 HES
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Frosio 18 HES slide # 59
Fresh air mask
Usually used inclosedcompartments
Air supply fromcompressor placedoutside thecompartment
Beard may causeleaks
CD 4930 no. 19
Frosio 18 HES slide # 60
Health hazard:Skin contact with solventsThe most frequently occurring health effects Causes:
- Reddening- Swelling- Drying and cracking of skin- Absorption through intact skin: Some, like Xylene- Absorption through damaged skin: Several, like White Spirit
Protective measures:Avoid direct contact
Protective clothes, gloves and boots
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Frosio course hand-out: Section 18 HES
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Frosio 18 HES slide # 61
Breathing of vapours and directcontact with skin must be avoided
Solvents can lead toseveral healthproblems
Dry out the skin Transportation by the
blood may harm vitalorgans:
Brain, liver, nervoussystem, kidneys,reproduction systemetc.
Take care of your own health
Thinners are veryharmful to the body.
CD 4930 no. 09
Frosio 18 HES slide # 62
Several mistakes are done .Are you able to find them ?
SHE relatedmistakes
Technicalmistakes?
SHE \ She mistakes1
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Frosio course hand-out: Section 18 HES
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Frosio 18 HES slide # 63
Health hazard:Splash in the eyes
Some thinners are more dangerous than others Consult the Safety Data Sheet. Irritates or injures the eyes
Protective measures:
Use approved safety glasses or a visorFlush for at least 15 minutes with tempered, cleanwaterSeek medical assistance
Often occurring when pouring thinners and stirring paints
Frosio 18 HES slide # 64
Eye wash / shower cabinets are usually located in thevicinity of the work place
Make sure you knowthe location of them
Important to keep inorder; function testingregularly
yevask
Dusj, kabinett
9 - 25
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Frosio course hand-out: Section 18 HES
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Frosio 18 HES slide # 65
Very simple type of first aid locker The content may vary significantly Usually they contain the most important
remedies Know where to find them !
CD 4930 no. 16
Frosio 18 HES slide # 66
Eye wash station
Sign gives twoimportantinformation:
Mandatory
equipment to beused in the area
Eye wash unit isplaced inside thelocker
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Frosio course hand-out: Section 18 HES
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Frosio 18 HES slide # 67
Health hazards whenworking with Epoxies.
Hazards :Eczema and allergic reactions on the skinLiquid Epoxies with low molecular weigths (below 700)are most likely to give an allergic reactionAn allergic reaction to Epoxy is irreversible.Hyper-sensitive persons must stay away from epoxies.
Protective measuresProtective clothes covering the whole body and glovesProper cleaning with water, soap and cleaning creamUse disposable overalls
Frosio 18 HES slide # 68
Health hazards whenworking with tar containing paints.
HazardsThe main hazard with tar containing paints is the risk fordeveloping cancer, especially when exposed to strongsunlightLong term exposure to vapours may damage internalorgans, cause heritable genetic defects and birth defects
Short term exposure to fume and vapours may causeirritation to nose, throat and eyesSplashes to skin causes irritation
Protective measuresProtective mask to avoid breathing vapoursProtective clothes covering the whole body and gloves
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Frosio 18 HES slide # 69
Health hazards when workingwith paints containing Isocyanates.
The monomer is more volatile than the pre-polymer and istherefore more dangerousIsocyanates are found in Polyurethane paints
HazardsIrritation of eyes skin and airwaysSensitization by inhalation and skin contactAsthma
Protective measuresProtective mask to avoid breathing of vapoursProtective clothes covering the whole body, boots andgloves
Frosio 18 HES slide # 70
Some times used in pigments, additives or driers.Hazards (Metal fumes,dust from hot work)
Zinc. Dust and fumes: Zinc fever, chills, coughing,irritationCopper. Fumes: Metal fever and chillsLead. Dust and fumes. Damage blood cells, Anemi,skeleton, reduced fertility and central nervous systemChromium. Dust and fumes: Sensitisation, cancerNickel / Cobalt. Sensitisation
General Protective measuresProtective mask to avoid breathing of vapoursProtective clothes covering the whole body, boots andgloves
Health hazards when workingwith paints containing heavy metals.
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Frosio 18 HES slide # 71
Antifoulings are generally looked upon as Toxic Some antifoulings contain Tin Tin may cause irritation to skin and eyes the
central nervous system and effect the immunesystem
General Protective measuresProtective mask to avoid breathing ofspray mist / dropletsProtective clothes covering the whole body,boots and gloves
Health hazards when workingwith antifoulings.
Frosio 18 HES slide # 72
Label of tin gives usefulinformation
Note the safety and health signs,Risk and Safety (R/S) phrases
Read Material Safety Data Sheet for further information
CD 4930 no. 11
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Frosio 18 HES slide # 73
CD 4930 no. 12
Application of Antifouling Antifouling isconsidered toxic
Operator followsSafety and healthregulations :
Mask
Protective suit Working gloves
Frosio 18 HES slide # 74
It is important to warn other personnel aboutongoing paint work
Several type of signsare used to describethe hazards
Do not forget to put up
the signs before thework starts Do not overlook
warningsput up by others
CD 4930 no. 13
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Frosio 18 HES slide # 75
How dangerous is achemical or a paint ?
Different persons will respond differentlyIn general the hazard will depend on:
The concentrationand risk of exposure
The toxicity andamount
of the compound
The contact periodwith the chemical
Frosio 18 HES slide # 76
Conditions at the workplace
Near by activities Cordon off areas
Waste treatmentVentilation
Housekeeping
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Frosio course hand-out: Section 18 HES
Frosio 18 HES slide # 77
Life Cycle AssessmentTotal life cycle must be evaluated
High solid paintsoffer manyadvantages
Less production Less transportation
Fewer coats Lower VOC Less waste
SHE \ LCA_Paints