example dfd
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: EXAMPLE DFD](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061123/5473925eb4af9f0d568b478c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Identifying Data Flows
During the analysis stage of a project it is important to find out how data flows through a system:
± Where does the data originate
± What processing is performed on it and by whom
± Who uses the data
± What data is stored and where
± What output is produced and who receives it
![Page 2: EXAMPLE DFD](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061123/5473925eb4af9f0d568b478c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS [DFD’S]
± A diagram to show how data is captured, processed , stored and distributed within a system.
± This is generally represented during the analysis stage of a project, but can be further refined during the design stage to show more detail of how the system functions.
![Page 3: EXAMPLE DFD](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061123/5473925eb4af9f0d568b478c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
± PROCESS
± DATA FLOW
E.g. Result of a query to a database, contents of a printed report : data that moves together to common destinations
Actions performed on data so that they are transformed, stored or distributed. This can be a computerised or manual transformation
SYMBOLS USED IN A DFD
![Page 4: EXAMPLE DFD](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061123/5473925eb4af9f0d568b478c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
± DATA STORE
A physical location to hold data e.g. a file folder or notebook etc.
± SOURCE/SINK
Origin and/or destination of the data. Often referred to as external entities as they are outside the system. We are only interested in how data flows in to or from the system to them.
SYMBOLS USED IN A DFD
![Page 5: EXAMPLE DFD](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061123/5473925eb4af9f0d568b478c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
± It is often impossible to represent a complete business on one diagram. For this reason it is quite common to use more than one level of Data Flow Diagram with each level showing more detailed information about part of the previous diagram.
± It is important that the diagram should be made as clear as possible and for this reason it is not uncommon to draw the same source or sink [external entity] more than once to help achieve this.
How Much Detail ?
![Page 6: EXAMPLE DFD](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061123/5473925eb4af9f0d568b478c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Main steps when constructing a Level 0 Diagram :
± Identify where data is captured from
± Identify where data is distributed to
± Describe the overall process
± Map these out in a diagram using the correct symbols
± Link them with data flows that are labelled
Context or Level 0 Diagram
The highest level view of a system. This only has one process which represents the overall function of the system and has no data stores
as all the data is stored within the process.
![Page 7: EXAMPLE DFD](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061123/5473925eb4af9f0d568b478c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Constructing a Level 1 diagram
± Identify and draw the processes that make up the Level 0 process
± Allocate descriptions to these
± Lay out the sources/sinks and data flows from the Level 0 diagram
± Draw in any data stores used in the process
± Link the new processes and data stores with named data links
![Page 8: EXAMPLE DFD](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061123/5473925eb4af9f0d568b478c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
IF it is necessary to produce a level 2 or level 3 diagram, the same steps
would be followed as used when constructing the Level 1 diagram
Constructing a Level 2/3 diagram
![Page 9: EXAMPLE DFD](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061123/5473925eb4af9f0d568b478c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Here is an example of how Data flow diagrams would be used to
model the logic of data flows in a fast food burger bar.
± Identify where data is captured from
± Identify where data is distributed to
± Describe the overall process
± Map these out in a diagram using the correct symbols
± Link them with data flows that are labelled
1. Context or Level 0 Diagram
![Page 10: EXAMPLE DFD](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061123/5473925eb4af9f0d568b478c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
CUSTOMER
Level 0 Context diagram
![Page 11: EXAMPLE DFD](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061123/5473925eb4af9f0d568b478c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
± Identify where data is captured from
± Identify where data is distributed to
± Describe the overall process
± Map these out in a diagram using the correct symbols
± Link them with data flows that are labelled
![Page 12: EXAMPLE DFD](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061123/5473925eb4af9f0d568b478c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
CUSTOMER KITCHEN
RESTAURANT MANAGER
Level 0 Context diagram
![Page 13: EXAMPLE DFD](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061123/5473925eb4af9f0d568b478c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
± Identify where data is captured from
± Identify where data is distributed to
± Describe the overall process
± Map these out in a diagram using the correct symbols
± Link them with data flows that are labelled
![Page 14: EXAMPLE DFD](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061123/5473925eb4af9f0d568b478c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Food ordering system
0
CUSTOMER KITCHEN
RESTAURANT MANAGER
Level 0 Context diagram
![Page 15: EXAMPLE DFD](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061123/5473925eb4af9f0d568b478c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
± Identify where data is captured from
± Identify where data is distributed to
± Describe the overall process
± Map these out using the correct symbols
± Link them with data flows that are labelled
![Page 16: EXAMPLE DFD](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061123/5473925eb4af9f0d568b478c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Food ordering system
0
CUSTOMER KITCHEN
RESTAURANT MANAGER
Food Order
Management Reports
Customer Order
Receipt
Level 0 Context diagram
![Page 17: EXAMPLE DFD](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061123/5473925eb4af9f0d568b478c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Constructing a Level 1 diagram
± Identify and draw the processes that make up the Level 0 process
± Allocate descriptions to these
± Lay out the sources/sinks and data flows from the Level 0 diagram
± Draw in any data stores used in the process
± Link the new processes and data stores with named data links
![Page 18: EXAMPLE DFD](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061123/5473925eb4af9f0d568b478c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Food ordering system
0
CUSTOMER KITCHEN
RESTAURANT MANAGER
Food Order
Management Reports
Customer Order
Receipt
Level 0 Context diagram
Does this show enough detail?
![Page 19: EXAMPLE DFD](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061123/5473925eb4af9f0d568b478c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Constructing a Level 1 diagram
±Identify and draw the processes that make up the Level 0 process
±Allocate descriptions to these
±Lay out the sources/sinks and data flows from the Level 0 diagram
±Draw in any data stores used in the process
±Link the new processes and data stores with named data links
![Page 20: EXAMPLE DFD](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061123/5473925eb4af9f0d568b478c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
These new processes may show a process which corresponds to actions such as :
±Capturing data from different sources
±Maintaining data stores
±Producing and distributing data to different sinks
Level 1 diagram
![Page 21: EXAMPLE DFD](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061123/5473925eb4af9f0d568b478c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
1.0
Receive and transform
Customer Food Order
![Page 22: EXAMPLE DFD](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061123/5473925eb4af9f0d568b478c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
These may show a process which corresponds to actions such as :
±Capturing data from different sources
±Maintaining data stores
±Producing and distributing data to different sinks
Level 1 diagram
![Page 23: EXAMPLE DFD](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061123/5473925eb4af9f0d568b478c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
1.0
Receive and transform
Customer Food Order
2.0
Update Inventory
file
3.0
Update Goods
Sold file
![Page 24: EXAMPLE DFD](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061123/5473925eb4af9f0d568b478c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
These may show a process which corresponds to actions such as :
±Capturing data from different sources
±Maintaining data stores
±Producing and distributing data to different sinks
Level 1 diagram
![Page 25: EXAMPLE DFD](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061123/5473925eb4af9f0d568b478c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
1.0
Receive and transform
Customer Food Order
2.0
Update Inventory
file
3.0
Update Goods
Sold file
4.0
Produce Management
Reports
![Page 26: EXAMPLE DFD](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061123/5473925eb4af9f0d568b478c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Constructing a Level 1 diagram
±Identify and draw the processes that make up the Level 0 process
±Allocate descriptions to these
±Lay out the sources/sinks and data flows from the Level 0 diagram
±Draw in any data stores used in the process
±Link the new processes and data stores with named data links
![Page 27: EXAMPLE DFD](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061123/5473925eb4af9f0d568b478c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
1.0
Receive and transform
Customer Food Order
2.0
Update Inventory
file
3.0
Update Goods
Sold file
4.0
Produce Management
Reports
KITCHEN
Food Order
CUSTOMER
Customer Order
Receipt
RESTAURANT MANAGERManagement
Reports
![Page 28: EXAMPLE DFD](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061123/5473925eb4af9f0d568b478c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Constructing a Level 1 diagram
±Identify and draw the processes that make up the Level 0 process
±Allocate descriptions to these
±Lay out the sources/sinks and data flows from the Level 0 diagram
±Draw in any data stores used in the process
±Link the new processes and data stores with named data links
![Page 29: EXAMPLE DFD](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061123/5473925eb4af9f0d568b478c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
1.0
Receive and transform
Customer Food Order
2.0
Update Inventory
file
3.0
Update Goods
Sold file
4.0
Produce Management
Reports
CUSTOMER KITCHEN
RESTAURANT MANAGER
Food Order
Customer Order
Receipt
Management Reports
Goods Sold File
D1D2 Inventory File
![Page 30: EXAMPLE DFD](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061123/5473925eb4af9f0d568b478c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Constructing a Level 1 diagram
±Identify and draw the processes that make up the Level 0 process
±Allocate descriptions to these
±Lay out the sources/sinks and data flows from the Level 0 diagram
±Draw in any data stores used in the process
±Link the new processes and data stores with named data links
![Page 31: EXAMPLE DFD](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061123/5473925eb4af9f0d568b478c/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
1.0
Receive and transform
Customer Food Order
2.0
Update Inventory
file
3.0
Update Goods
Sold file
4.0
Produce Management
Reports
CUSTOMER KITCHEN
RESTAURANT MANAGER
Food Order
Customer Order
Receipt
Management Reports
Goods Sold File
D1D2 Inventory File
Goods
Sold
Inventory
Data
Goods Sold Data
Inventory Data
Daily Goods Sold Amount
Daily Inventory Depletion Amounts
![Page 32: EXAMPLE DFD](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061123/5473925eb4af9f0d568b478c/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
In this example, having constructed our Level 1 diagram it is decided there is no need to
further breakdown the data flow processes within this
organisation. Our data flow diagram is therefore complete.
![Page 33: EXAMPLE DFD](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061123/5473925eb4af9f0d568b478c/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Do’s and Don’ts when constructing a Data Flow Diagram
![Page 34: EXAMPLE DFD](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061123/5473925eb4af9f0d568b478c/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Do’s and Don’ts when constructing a Data Flow Diagram
![Page 35: EXAMPLE DFD](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061123/5473925eb4af9f0d568b478c/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Do’s and Don’ts when constructing a Data Flow Diagram