excellence in engineering since 1946 - home - ohio water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(normal w/bpr)...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Excellence in Engineering Since 1946
![Page 2: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
OWEA Technical Conference & ExpoJune 29, 2017
A Look Forward - How to Handle Low Level Phosphorus Limits with Creative Solutions
Jamie Mills, O.I.T.
Strand Associates, Inc.®
The content of this presentation is not to be downloaded, copied, used, or otherwise transmitted without the prior consent of Strand Associates, Inc. ®
![Page 3: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Presentation Outline
• General Background and Senate Bill 1
• Traditional Methods for Phosphorus (P) Removal
• Chemical Phosphorus Removal (CPR)
• Biological Phosphorus Removal (BPR)
• Impacts of Phosphorus Removal on O&M
• Trading Programs and Agricultural Management
• Evaluation of Collection System and Pre-Treatment Options
![Page 4: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Presentation Outline
• General Background and Senate Bill 1
• Traditional Methods for Phosphorus (P) Removal
• Chemical Phosphorus Removal (CPR)
• Biological Phosphorus Removal (BPR)
• Impacts of Phosphorus Removal on O&M
• Trading Programs and Agricultural Management
• Evaluation of Collection System and Pre-Treatment Options
![Page 5: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
What is Phosphorus and Why is it a Concern?
Typical Forms of P:• Orthophosphate• Organically bound P• Polyphosphates
Can Cause:• Algae • Low dissolved oxygen• Aquatic life impacts• Loss of tourism, property
valuesWith permission of: WDNR
![Page 6: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Where Do Nutrients Come From?
With permission of: USEPA. Example: Rock River Basin, WI
![Page 7: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
How Do We Remove Nutrients from Our Wastewater?
N, P N, P
N, P
N
(aqueous phase)
(solid phase)
©iimages-vectorstock.com
©hugolacasse-vectorstock.com
©Taras Livyy-dollarphotoclub.com
©hugolacasse-vectorstock.com
(gaseous phase)
![Page 8: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Senate Bill 1 - Ohio’s Current Approach at P Limits
• By December 1, 2016, all POTWs with a design flow of 1.0 MGD or more or those otherwise designated as a major discharger by the Director were required to start monthly orthophosphate monitoring.
• POTWs with a design flow of 1.0 MGD or greater or designated as a major discharger that do not have a phosphorus limit are required to submit a study by December 1, 2017 that evaluates the technical and financial capability of the POTWsto reduce the final effluent discharge of phosphorus to 1.0 mg/L.
![Page 9: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Presentation Outline
• General Background and Senate Bill 1
• Traditional Methods for Phosphorus (P) Removal
• Chemical Phosphorus Removal (CPR)
• Biological Phosphorus Removal (BPR)
• Impacts of Phosphorus Removal on O&M
• Trading Programs and Agricultural Management
• Evaluation of Collection System and Pre-Treatment Options
![Page 10: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Proper Design Identifies Facility Obstacles and Opportunities
![Page 11: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Proper Design Identifies Facility Obstacles and Opportunities
![Page 12: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Chemical P Removal (CPR) - Principles
• CPR- Add lime, iron, or aluminum
salt, rare earth- Precipitation of soluble P- Precipitated P removed during
clarification, filtration
![Page 13: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
CPR – General Configurations
Activated Sludge
Final Clarification Tertiary Filtration Primary Clarification
Sludge Processing Recycle
Chemical Storage and Metering
Typical Chemical Options• Alum• Ferric Chloride• Ferrous Chloride/Sulfate• Sodium Aluminate• Proprietary Chemicals• Lime
![Page 14: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Testing for CPR
• Jar Testing of Chemicals
• Determine Dose Rates
• Determine Side Effects
• pH Depression
• Alkalinity Loss
• Pilot Testing
With permission of: Ecologix Environmental Systems
![Page 15: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Presentation Outline
• General Background and Senate Bill 1
• Traditional Methods for Phosphorus (P) Removal
• Chemical Phosphorus Removal (CPR)
• Biological Phosphorus Removal (BPR)
• Impacts of Phosphorus Removal on O&M
• Trading Programs and Agricultural Management
• Evaluation of Collection System and Pre-Treatment Options
![Page 16: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Biological P Removal (BPR) - Principles
• BPR- Selects for growth of PAOs – strict anaerobic conditions- More complex/higher risk- PAOs removed during clarification, filtration
With Permission of: Malithi Weerakkody
![Page 17: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
BPR - Principles
With permission of: Seviour et al. 2003
![Page 18: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
BPR - Principles
Phosphorus cycle involves release in anaerobic zone,“luxury” uptake in aerobic zone
TIME
AEROBICANAEROBIC
Soluble BOD
Soluble Phosphorus(Normal w/BPR)
0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 hrs
![Page 19: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Where is BPR a Good Candidate?
• Where does BPR tend TO work?- Plants with long sewers/force mains- High strength wastewater- Large industrial flows with high soluble BOD
• Where does BPR tend NOT to work?- Plants with low strength wastewater Fermentation step or soluble BOD may need to be added
- Attached growth plants Trickling filters/Rotating Biological Contactors (RBCs)
![Page 20: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
BPR - Process Configurations- AO- A2/O - Bardenpho- University of Cape Town (UCT) process- Johannesburg (JHB)
• Many process variables & decisions
UCT Example Schematic
![Page 21: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Summary
• CPR and BPR can meet 1 mg/L when implemented properly• Important to understand pros and cons of each process before
making decision
Factor CPR BPRCapital Costs Lower HigherOperation Easier? More Difficult?Maintenance Higher Cost Lower CostReliability Higher LowerSludge Costs Higher LowerLower Limits May Meet/Filtration Add CPR/Filtration
![Page 22: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Presentation Outline
• General Background and Senate Bill 1
• Traditional Methods for Phosphorus (P) Removal
• Chemical Phosphorus Removal (CPR)
• Biological Phosphorus Removal (BPR)
• Impacts of Phosphorus Removal on O&M
• Trading Programs and Agricultural Management
• Evaluation of Collection System and Pre-Treatment Options
![Page 23: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Considerations for Side Stream Loads
Thickening, dewatering, decanting, and other similar activities will return P to the system.
• Analyze any significant side stream often enough to know the N, P, and organic loadings that are associated.
• Plan these activities for times when capacity is available and do so in moderation.
• Increase doses or initiate CPR systems, if necessary.
Raw Influent71%
RecycleCentrate
27%
Hauled Wastes2%
Dubuque, IA, P Loadings
![Page 24: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
CPR – Operational Considerations and Red Flags
• Increased Effluent Suspended Solids- Floc/settleability issues- Wet weather flows resulting in solids wash out
• Gradual Increase in Chemical Consumption- Chemical aging/deterioration- New load of chemical- Change in influent strength- Change in sidestream loads
• Aeration Basin pH Reduction- High chemical salt addition
• Solids Handling Limitations- 20 to 50% more solids- Impacts to pumping, thickening, dewatering,
digestion, and storage
![Page 25: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
BPR – Operational Considerations and Red Flags
• Increased Effluent Suspended Solids- Floc/settleability issues- Wet weather flows resulting in solids wash out
• Potential Wet Weather Impacts- Diluted food supply may limit efficiency- High flow may reduce detention times- Lower loads may allow increased DO in recycles to anaerobic and anoxic
zones
• Sidestream Loadings- Process decisions that could introduce additional P loadings (anaerobic
environments)
• Solids Handling- Impacts to sludge dewaterability
• Struvite Formation (anaerobic environments)
![Page 26: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Trouble Shooting and Adjustment of Activated Sludge Controls Improved BPR at Dodgeville, WI
Courtesy of: Strand Associates, Inc.®
![Page 27: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Impact of Operational Adjustments on Effluent Phosphorus Levels
DateRAS
Monthly Avg.(mgd)
MLSSMonthly Avg.
(mg/L)
D.ODaily Range
(mg/L).
Effluent PMonthly Avg.
(mg/L)October 2000 0.556 3718 0.5 to 5 3.67March 2002 0.175 3177 0.5 to 0.9 0.33
Trouble Shooting; Adjustment of AS Controls – Dodgeville, WI
• Adjustments Included
- Lowering of Sludge Age
- Addition of Dissolved Aeration Control
- Automation and Reduction of RAS Rates
- Experimentation with Zone Options
o Bleeding Carbon to RAS Denitrification Zones
![Page 28: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Presentation Outline
• General Background and Senate Bill 1
• Traditional Methods for Phosphorus (P) Removal
• Chemical Phosphorus Removal (CPR)
• Biological Phosphorus Removal (BPR)
• Impacts of Phosphorus Removal on O&M
• Trading Programs and Agricultural Management
• Evaluation of Collection System and Pre-Treatment Options
![Page 29: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Nutrient and Water Quality Trading
• Nutrient and Water Quality Trading have emerged as a promising strategy for reducing pollutant loading to receiving waters
• Provides the ability to purchase load reductions from other facilities or sources that are safely meeting below their requirement – can purchase the difference in loading as credit and spend the money to help make sure that the other facility is safely meeting under limit
• Requirements 1. Trading must be cheaper than implementing pollution control equipment2. Nutrient trading must be concrete and certain
With Permission of: Cameron Davidson / Getty
![Page 30: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Nutrient and Water Quality Trading
• Is it really cheaper?• Minimum trade ratio is 1:1• Low hanging fruit – incentives for initiative and water shed improvements
![Page 31: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Urban Stormwater
• Urban Wetland• Rain Gardens• Dry Detention Ponds• Bioswales• Detention Basins
• As long as deep enough – can capture nutrient urban runoff
With Permission of: Metrolina Landscape
With Permission of: NUCFAC & Davey Resource Group
![Page 32: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Agricultural BMPs
• Agricutural BMPS• Filter/buffer strips (10 year design life)• vegetated waterways, wetlands, cover crops
• Agricultural Area Considerations• Soil type, slope/grade/hydraulics, tile drainage, crop type and
growth/harvest season• Crop yield and fertilizer application
With Permission of: land Stewardship ProjectWith Permission of: WallacesFarmer
![Page 33: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Agricultural BMPs
• Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP)• Voluntary program to introduce farmers and agricultural land owners to
conservation practices.• There are federal and state incentives as well annual payments to owners• Typically 15 year compliance programs
![Page 34: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Presentation Outline
• General Background and Senate Bill 1
• Traditional Methods for Phosphorus (P) Removal
• Chemical Phosphorus Removal (CPR)
• Biological Phosphorus Removal (BPR)
• Impacts of Phosphorus Removal on O&M
• Trading Programs and Agricultural Management
• Evaluation of Collection System and Pre-Treatment Options
![Page 35: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Collection System and Pre-Treatment Options
• Goals:• Reduce as much of the phosphorus discharged as possible through slight
operational changes to the facility
• Source Reduction = Reduced Operating Costs• Reduce influent phosphorus – upstream modifications
• Chemical Substitution (e.g. phosphoric acid) • Can be employed at industrial sites can significantly reduce phosphorus
concentrations.
![Page 36: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Source Identification – What is P coming from?
• All users – cleaners, sanitizers
• Industrial users • Food/beverage processing – moisture, flavor,
color, firmness, pH• Dairies – emulsifiers, stabilizers• Metal finishing – degrease, shiny surface• Meat packing – maintain shelf life, meat juiciness• Personal care products – dental-related
![Page 37: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Source Identification – What is P coming from?
Commercial&
Institutional
Municipal Domestic
Ag co-ops – fertilizers WWTP operations – CPR, sidestreams
Education
Restaurants Hauled in waste - septage
Hospitals, nursing homes Water supply – polyphosphates, raw water
Schools Satellite communities
Car washes
![Page 38: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Source Reduction Examples• Cleaning and sanitizing chemicals (Phosphoric acid, TSP)
• Substitute (work w/chemical suppliers): • Low-P or non-P cleaners• CIP system
• College campus• Surveyed use – dining, housekeeping, laundry, heating/cooling plant• 10 chemicals identified, 5 replaced with non-P chemicals• Reduced P by 220 lb/yr
• Frozen Food Company• Changed to low-P cleaners• Reduced effluent P from 36 lb/d to 13 lb/d
• Creamery• Level sensors in tanks• CIP system• Reduced effluent P from 150 lb/d to 90 lb/d
![Page 39: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Source Reduction Examples
Dalton Utilities
Influent P doubled - ??• System monitoring• 6 of 28 users, 70% of P• 4 of 6 were carpet manufacturers
Carpet companies as a source• Phosphoric acid used a buffer for carpet dyeing• Regulation change resulted in increased use of P acid• Chemical substitution
Result: P load reduced by 50%
![Page 40: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Questions?
Jamie Mills, O.I.T.Strand Associates, Inc.
®
![Page 41: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Thank you!
![Page 42: Excellence in Engineering Since 1946 - Home - Ohio Water …€¦ · · 2017-07-27(Normal w/BPR) 0.5 to 2 hrs 2 to 10 ... Agricutural BMPS ... O.I.T. Strand Associates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042801/5ad806a67f8b9a32618d000e/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Excellence in Engineering Since 1946