Exchange & Cabinet Tour

19th November 2009

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• Traditional fixed telephony is based around a central office or exchange that serves customers with an urban planning limit of 3.6km. Note that this was often exceeded, using multiple cable gauges, especially in Auckland,

• The outside plant, typically consists of three main components; the feeder, the distribution and the drop. The main distribution frame (MDF), copper cross connect cabinet and the distribution pillar serve as the termination points between the three main components.

Customer’sHome

MD

F

Connectivity toNational

Network

FeederCable

DistributionPillar

DistributionCable

ET

P*ETP -ExternalTest Point

MDF - MainDistribution Frame

AccessNetwork

Equipment

200+pairs50+ pairs

DropLead

2 Pair

Copper CrossConnect Cabinet

130,000 km of distribution cable

Nationwide

Typically direct buried

9,000 km of feeder cable nationwide

Typically in ducts

Traditional Copper Network

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• A copper network is capable of very high speeds (towards 100Mbps). However this is only attained by using very high frequencies which drop away with length. The higher bandwidth means the higher the frequencies that need to be used.

• This is why a network that is designed for the low frequencies of voice (300-3400Hz) does not carry the high frequencies (up to 30MHz for VDSL2) for broadband the same distances.

• Improving the performance of the network therefore comes not from fundamentally changing it, just from shortening the length of copper between the customer and the equipment generating the high frequencies.

• Essentially shortening the loop is replacing the copper cross connect cabinet with a new active cabinet that houses a DSLAM and is connected by fibre back to the network.

• Telecom has been doing this for new build and lifecycle replacement since 1996.

Customer’sHome

DistributionPillar

New Active Cabinet

DistributionCable

50+ pairs

DropLead

2 Pair

ET

P

NewFibre

Feeder

MD

F

AccessNetwork

Equipment

Connectivity toNational

Network

The Exchange Equipment and MDF isshifted into the cabinet

The bulk of theaccess network isuntouched by the

transition

Cabinetisation means moving fibre closer to the customer

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ISAM EthernetTo IPCore

Fibre Feeder

VoiceBroadband

10M on CopperTDM Data

100M & 1000MFibre

Cabinet Local Exchange Aggregation Networks

The basic building blocks

DSLAM or Ethernet Switch

AggregationSwitch

Edge

Telecom IP Core Network

Application Edge

Local Loop / Access Network

Core TransportNetwork

Core Transport Network

AggregationTransport Network

AggregationTransport Network

Customer

DSLAM

Voice Mux

SDH Transport SDH Transport

NEC DTLM

Host DSLAM

ATM

Ethernet

PSTNVoice onCopper

Fibre Feeder

Fibre Feeder

To rest ofPSTN

To IPCore

To IPCore

Fibre direct to the customer 10M / 100M / 1000M

DSL onCopper

TDM DataCopper

Cabinet Local Exchange Aggregation Networks

OLD

NEW

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• Size of cabinets

   - Single bay cabinet 1660w x 1500h x 600d    - Double bay cabinet 2250w x 1500h x 600d - Mostly single bay cabinets will be deployed (some double bays required)

Single and Double Bay Whisper Cabinets

On the outsideOn the inside

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Typical cabinets that will be replaced

USC(PCM) & PedestalNokia 480 PCM

BPO Cross-connect

Nokia 240 PCM

Krone Cross-connect Nokia 60 PCM