EXCHANGE RATES

The exchange rate is ...

the value of another country’s currency

a rate ....... which one ........ can be exchanged for another

the price ........ which one currency can be bought.

Currencies:

the US dollar (US$)the euro (€)the yen(¥)

the renminbi (yuan – units!)the British pound (£)the kuna (HRK)

the dollar vs. 20,000 US dollars

The British pound slipped by around 3.5% against the dollar and held steady against the euro in November.

Which of the three rates are described below?

FIXED, MANAGED FLOATING or FLOATING E.R.?

1. a rate which is set by the government (central bank) only........

2. a rate which is determined by the private market through supply and demand ............

3. its value will decrease only if demand is low (and vice-versa) .................

4. it does not change before it is centrally decided ...........5. if the rate changes more than the central bank allows,

the bank intervenes (buys or sells the currency) ......6. based on the free market only........7. its value will rise only if demand is high .................8. a combination of the other two types ............9. example of intervention in the economy ............

Based on: http://www.investopedia.com/articles/03/020603.asp

Which of the three rates are described below?

FIXED, MANAGED FLOATING or FLOATING E.R.?

1. a rate which is set by the government (central bank) only FIXED (PEGGED) EXCHANGE RATE

2. a rate which is determined by the private market through supply and demand FLOATING E.R.

3. its value will decrease only if demand is low (and vice-versa) FLOATING E.R.

4. it does not change before it is centrally decided FIXED5. if the rate changes more than the central bank allows, the

bank intervenes (buys or sells the currency) MANAGED FLOATING EXCHANGE RATE

6. based on the free market only FLOATING EXCHANGE RATE7. its value will rise only if demand is high FLOATING E.R.8. a combination of the other two types MANAGED FLOATING E.R.9. example of intervention in the economy FIXED E.R., MANAGED

FLOAT.

http://www.investopedia.com/articles/03/020603.asp

Which types of exchange rates are the following sentences likely related to?

A currency appreciates/depreciates against another currency.

If a currency is overvalued, it needs to be devalued.

If a currency is undervalued, it needs to be revalued.

Types of exchange rates

FIXED EXCHANGE RATE

FLOATINGEXCHANGERATE

MANAGED FLOATING RATE

Which types of exchange rates are the expressions below primarily related to?

M.Friedman

supply & demand

freely determined

speculation

to be pegged against...

US dollar

intervene

reflecting purchasing power parity

The FedIMF

gold convertibility

central banks

The period of gold convertibility (MK: p.128)

After World War II, an agreement established 1 2 rates, defined in terms of gold and the US dollar. Many currencies were 3 4 the US dollar, and the dollar was 5 against gold. One US dollar could be 6 for 1/35th of an 7 of gold. Under this system, 8 exchange rates could only be adjusted with the agreement of the 9 10 11. Such adjustments were called 11 or 12. The system of gold 13 and 14 against the dollar was abandoned in 1971 because 15 did not have enough gold to guarantee its currency.

Pg. 2 (MK, p.128)

Proponent Argue Underlying economic conditions,

economic realities Underestimate

Pg.3 (MK, p.129)

PPP?

5%

95%

3 or 4 reasons for currency transactions?

Match the words below: appreciating/depreciating currency purchasing power fixed/floating devalued/revalued common hedge raw gold futures currency central bank speculative

fluctuations contracts currency exchange rate currency intervention materials transactions currency against fluctuations convertibility transactions parity

How do the red words relate to Pg. 4?

appreciating/depreciating currency purchasing power fixed/floating devalued/revalued common hedge raw gold futures currency central bank speculative

fluctuations contracts currency exchange rate currency intervention materials transactions currency against fluctuations convertibility transactions parity

Answer the questions:

What was fixed in the fixed exchange rate system after WW II?

What was Milton Friedman’s view of the exchange rates?

Why was the euro introduced? To what extent is the managed

floating rate a solution to currency fluctuations?

Reading: MK (pp.128-129)

Which pgs. deal with specific types of exchange rates?

Find parts of the text that deal with the floating rate in terms of the following: a) theoretical expectationsb) realityc) attempts to resolve problems

A currency transaction tax (CTT)

A CTT would be collected from dealers in international 1... markets, by financial clearing and settlement systems. The 2... was designed to slow down 3........ across borders, to make monetary 4...... more effective, and to prevent or manage exchange rate 5...... . The CTT is not designed to change FX market behaviour, but only to raise money without 6... the market. But of course taxing FX transactions would increase the spread (difference between the 7... and the 8... prices at which trades would be profitable, and so would reduce the number of transactions. The proposed tax 9… is 0.5 10 … . Such a CTT on all major currencies would 11 ... an annual 12... of over $33bn. Governments should think how to spend the 13.... of this tax. (MK: p.130)

Tobin Tax vs. CTT

A proposal has been made to …

The idea behind … is to …

The CTT, on the contrary, is not designed to …, but only to …