exciting times - challenges & opportunities€¦ · exciting times –challenges &...
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Exciting Times - Challenges & Opportunities
Arvind P Kudchadker, PhD
Professor Emeritus, IIT Bombay
July 2011
O Pure Earth, may that we utilize your soil well For creative production
Without causing you injury or harmAnd disturbing any vital element in you
Prithvi Sukta
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Exciting Times – Challenges & Opportunities
Complex India, Beautiful India, Exciting India.
Indian Scenario
Globalization
Education & Talent Pool
The New Professional
India & Innovation
Challenges & Concerns
APK ‘11
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Harmony - Old & New Technologies.
Variety
Complexity
Unity
Technology
is
Ubiquitous
APK ‘11
Bullock Cart to Nano to
Light Combat Aircraft
Lamp to Bulb to CFL to LED
Wood to Cow Dung to
Coal to LPG to CNG to Solar
Coal to Oil to Natural Gas to
Nuclear to Solar to
Wind to Biofuel
Manual to PC to Laptop to Mobile
Mud to Concrete to Composites
Jute to Carbon Fibre to
Carbon Nanotubes
Manual to Low-Cost Automation to Robotics
Carvings to Paintings to Telegraph to
Telephone to Mobile
Barefoot to Satellites to WWW.
‘Bahurupi’ to Radio to TV to PC to
DVD to Mobile
Indian Scenario
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Indian Scenario
Bridge the GAP.
30% Below poverty line
43% Children below 5yrs, malnourished‘Underdevelopment’ fixed for life!
Economic Success – Nutrition DisasterBy 2050, India: 1.7B; World: 9.4B
2010, India:1.2B; World: 6.8B
Food, Proteins, Nutrients with limited land mass!
APK ‘11
69 Billionaires
1,26,000 Millionaires
812 Million mobile subscribers
70% own TV
8% Internet users
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Invest in Children, especially Girl Child.
Poverty hits children hardest
causes life-long & irreparable damage
- Physical & Mental deficiencies
By 2025, 400M children
- 100M from poorest families
< 5yrs - 43% underweight (55% ST; 57% poorest)
0-2yrs - 33% undernourished, no healthcare & hygiene
150 central Govt. sponsored schemes
12 National flagship schemes use 90% funds
10P/ reach the entitled (Rajiv Gandhi, 1991)
APK ‘11
Indian Scenario
Regular, transparent monitoring & evaluation required
The Young India
7APK ‘11
Unleash tremendous potential through innovative policies
and novel implementation strategies.
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Exciting Times
Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam.
Innovate or Obliterate
Demography - Population Distribution
YOUNG INDIA
Increased role for India IT, ITES, ICT
Design & R&D Hub, Clinical Research, Contract Work
‘Selective’ Manufacturing Hub Automobiles, Components, Jewelry,
Pharma
Need 2nd Agricultural Revolution
Industry moving ahead w/o Govt.
Education
Quality + Quantity
Healthcare Focus on have-nots
Globalization
APK ‘11
Technology Rapidly Changing
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Globalization
Is Globalization reducing economic disparities?
Globalization:
Flow of Talent
Flow of Capital
Flow of Ideas
Brain Drain Brain Bank Brain Circulation
Sustainable Development
Emphasis on Have-nots
APK ‘11
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Talent Pool
Pervasive learning
Create new learning infrastructure
India – 2nd Largest Skilled Person power!
Quality vs Quantity
Limited Skill sets
Large number of job seekers
Unemployable graduates
Something wrong with Education System?
IT, ITES, MBA: Inflating Salaries
Job Creators, Not Job Seekers
Entrepreneurs
Invest heavily in knowledge and Innovation to create value.
APK ‘11
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The New Professional
Need to produce Generalist-Specialist.
Job Market
Changing Technology Scene
Multidisciplinary
Collaborative
Global
Conceive Problems, Design Creative, Workable & Affordable Solutions
Solve Increasingly Complex
Technical & Business Problems
Systems Approach
Manage Change, Teamwork
Effective Communication
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The New Professional
Continuous Self-Renewal.
Short Learning Stage
Rapid growth Stage
Quick Transition to
next S-Shaped Curve
before decline
Time
Growth
Saturation
Gestation
Self-Learning
Life-long learning
APK ‘11
Paradigm Shift in Education
Conceiving
& Defining
A Problem
Designing
Workable &
Affordable
SolutionSystems Approach
Academia + Industry + Professional BodiesInput Output
Generalist–Specialist (Scientist–Researcher-Manager)
Better Conditioned Product.
Teacher-Centric Student-Centric Active Learning
Individual Labs Integrated Labs
Sage on Stage Guide on Side
Fixed Classroom environment Flexible Learning Environment
From To
Job-centred Knowledge-centred
13APK ‘11
Training Internships
The Graduate
The Student we educate today will be a
Lateral Thinker, Innovator,
Change Agent, Wealth Generator, and
Leader of the Future,
for the well being of our citizens, through
creation & transfer of knowledge.
Equip & nurture to face challenges of the 21st century.
14APK ‘11
Wisdom
A Polymath
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Learning
Action
ThinkingExperiencing
Create Learning & Research Environment
that can meet the needs of a knowledge society
Unleash creative energies to pursue infinite possibilities.
Intellectual Environment
Wisdom
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The Learner
Classroom Learning
Hands-on Learning
Self-Learning
New Learning Environment & Resources
Open Courseware, Online Courses
MIT, NPTEL,…
Internship – Rural, Industry, Research
Problem Solving – Local, global
Effective use of large resource base for learning.
Quality
Systems/ ProcessesStudent In Student Out
http://www.openculture.com/freeonlinecourses
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Some Problems
Think differently?APK ‘11
Attendance in
Classes & TutorialsCompulsory
Voluntary
Use of InternetUnrestricted
Restricted
Cheating
EvaluationAssignments
Projects
Quizzes
Tests
Mid-semester Exams
End-semester Exam
Attention span, 15min!
Ethics
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Quality & Excellence
Strive for World-Class Institutions & Organizations.
We are what we repeatedly do
Excellence then is not an act but a habit
Aristotle
APK ‘11
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The Innovation chain
complex network of people, research, & business
generate
new ideas
new products
new jobs
improve
existing products and processes
Does India offer ?
innovation climate
innovation environment
innovation ecosystem
India and Innovation
Encourage risk taking, tolerance towards failures, and generate innovation ecosystem.
Research & Innovation Ecosystem by Kudchadker et al, PANIIT
New grassroots innovators focusing on rural problems
APK ‘11
Biomass Gasifier
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Strengths crucial for innovation
strong base in sciences, engineering, & HASS
free, independent, lateral thinking, problem-solving skills
different mindsets and enterprise - Entrepreneurs
vibrant venture capitalists/ angels
Innovation
Excellence at every stage of development leading to innovation.
APK ‘11
Amphibious Bicycle
Cold box Sristi
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Innovation
Is the problem with Engineering Education or Market Pull?
APK ‘11
Not able to sustain your interest in
Technology & Innovation, as
demonstrated in Techfests, Robofests,…..
WHY!
Introspection:
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Start from the 2-yr olds.
Encourage youth to be passionately curious
- to question, to think, and to reason
their way of understanding
Einstein
India: An Innovative Nation
APK ‘11
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Education - For All
Food (The 9-Billion People Question!)
Healthcare Systems
frugal innovation
Energy – Solar, Wind, Nuclear, H2, …
Water Management
Clean Technologies
Global Warming/ Climate Change
The Gap
Sustainable Development
Impact of Technology
Effect of Genetic Engineering
- Ethics
Future Challenges & Concerns
Convert dreams into reality. APK ‘11
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Low Cost Miniaturized Medical Diagnostics
Convert dreams into reality –Scientists + Engineers + Clinicians.
An Integrated Microfluidic
Device for glucose and protein
in urine, & possibly for testing
blood samples for HIV/AIDS,
dengue fever, or hepatitis
(Harvard)
GE Mac 400 ECG Machine
CellScope – Diagnostic quality
Microscope attached to Mobile
Phone (Fletcher Lab, Berkeley;
World Health Partners)
Hand-held Prototype
Confocal Microscope for
Cancer detection (MSKCC, NY)
APK ‘11
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Your Perception
Your VisionYour DriveYour Enterprise
Innovation & Creativity
Quality of mind & effort required to adapt existing and new knowledge & experience
YOU ARE THE FUTURE.
Depends very much on you
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"I slept and dreamt that life was Joy
And then I awoke and realized
That life was Duty
And then I went to work.....
And lo and behold.....!
I discovered that Duty can be Joy!"
Rabindranath Tagore