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Exciting Times - Challenges & Opportunities Arvind P Kudchadker, PhD Professor Emeritus, IIT Bombay July 2011

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Exciting Times - Challenges & Opportunities

Arvind P Kudchadker, PhD

Professor Emeritus, IIT Bombay

July 2011

O Pure Earth, may that we utilize your soil well For creative production

Without causing you injury or harmAnd disturbing any vital element in you

Prithvi Sukta

3

Exciting Times – Challenges & Opportunities

Complex India, Beautiful India, Exciting India.

Indian Scenario

Globalization

Education & Talent Pool

The New Professional

India & Innovation

Challenges & Concerns

APK ‘11

4

Harmony - Old & New Technologies.

Variety

Complexity

Unity

Technology

is

Ubiquitous

APK ‘11

Bullock Cart to Nano to

Light Combat Aircraft

Lamp to Bulb to CFL to LED

Wood to Cow Dung to

Coal to LPG to CNG to Solar

Coal to Oil to Natural Gas to

Nuclear to Solar to

Wind to Biofuel

Manual to PC to Laptop to Mobile

Mud to Concrete to Composites

Jute to Carbon Fibre to

Carbon Nanotubes

Manual to Low-Cost Automation to Robotics

Carvings to Paintings to Telegraph to

Telephone to Mobile

Barefoot to Satellites to WWW.

‘Bahurupi’ to Radio to TV to PC to

DVD to Mobile

Indian Scenario

5

Indian Scenario

Bridge the GAP.

30% Below poverty line

43% Children below 5yrs, malnourished‘Underdevelopment’ fixed for life!

Economic Success – Nutrition DisasterBy 2050, India: 1.7B; World: 9.4B

2010, India:1.2B; World: 6.8B

Food, Proteins, Nutrients with limited land mass!

APK ‘11

69 Billionaires

1,26,000 Millionaires

812 Million mobile subscribers

70% own TV

8% Internet users

6

Invest in Children, especially Girl Child.

Poverty hits children hardest

causes life-long & irreparable damage

- Physical & Mental deficiencies

By 2025, 400M children

- 100M from poorest families

< 5yrs - 43% underweight (55% ST; 57% poorest)

0-2yrs - 33% undernourished, no healthcare & hygiene

150 central Govt. sponsored schemes

12 National flagship schemes use 90% funds

10P/ reach the entitled (Rajiv Gandhi, 1991)

APK ‘11

Indian Scenario

Regular, transparent monitoring & evaluation required

The Young India

7APK ‘11

Unleash tremendous potential through innovative policies

and novel implementation strategies.

8

Exciting Times

Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam.

Innovate or Obliterate

Demography - Population Distribution

YOUNG INDIA

Increased role for India IT, ITES, ICT

Design & R&D Hub, Clinical Research, Contract Work

‘Selective’ Manufacturing Hub Automobiles, Components, Jewelry,

Pharma

Need 2nd Agricultural Revolution

Industry moving ahead w/o Govt.

Education

Quality + Quantity

Healthcare Focus on have-nots

Globalization

APK ‘11

Technology Rapidly Changing

9

Globalization

Is Globalization reducing economic disparities?

Globalization:

Flow of Talent

Flow of Capital

Flow of Ideas

Brain Drain Brain Bank Brain Circulation

Sustainable Development

Emphasis on Have-nots

APK ‘11

10

Talent Pool

Pervasive learning

Create new learning infrastructure

India – 2nd Largest Skilled Person power!

Quality vs Quantity

Limited Skill sets

Large number of job seekers

Unemployable graduates

Something wrong with Education System?

IT, ITES, MBA: Inflating Salaries

Job Creators, Not Job Seekers

Entrepreneurs

Invest heavily in knowledge and Innovation to create value.

APK ‘11

11

The New Professional

Need to produce Generalist-Specialist.

Job Market

Changing Technology Scene

Multidisciplinary

Collaborative

Global

Conceive Problems, Design Creative, Workable & Affordable Solutions

Solve Increasingly Complex

Technical & Business Problems

Systems Approach

Manage Change, Teamwork

Effective Communication

APK ‘11

12

The New Professional

Continuous Self-Renewal.

Short Learning Stage

Rapid growth Stage

Quick Transition to

next S-Shaped Curve

before decline

Time

Growth

Saturation

Gestation

Self-Learning

Life-long learning

APK ‘11

Paradigm Shift in Education

Conceiving

& Defining

A Problem

Designing

Workable &

Affordable

SolutionSystems Approach

Academia + Industry + Professional BodiesInput Output

Generalist–Specialist (Scientist–Researcher-Manager)

Better Conditioned Product.

Teacher-Centric Student-Centric Active Learning

Individual Labs Integrated Labs

Sage on Stage Guide on Side

Fixed Classroom environment Flexible Learning Environment

From To

Job-centred Knowledge-centred

13APK ‘11

Training Internships

The Graduate

The Student we educate today will be a

Lateral Thinker, Innovator,

Change Agent, Wealth Generator, and

Leader of the Future,

for the well being of our citizens, through

creation & transfer of knowledge.

Equip & nurture to face challenges of the 21st century.

14APK ‘11

Wisdom

A Polymath

15

Learning

Action

ThinkingExperiencing

Create Learning & Research Environment

that can meet the needs of a knowledge society

Unleash creative energies to pursue infinite possibilities.

Intellectual Environment

Wisdom

APK ‘11

16

The Learner

Classroom Learning

Hands-on Learning

Self-Learning

New Learning Environment & Resources

Open Courseware, Online Courses

MIT, NPTEL,…

Internship – Rural, Industry, Research

Problem Solving – Local, global

Effective use of large resource base for learning.

Quality

Systems/ ProcessesStudent In Student Out

http://www.openculture.com/freeonlinecourses

APK ‘11

17

Some Problems

Think differently?APK ‘11

Attendance in

Classes & TutorialsCompulsory

Voluntary

Use of InternetUnrestricted

Restricted

Cheating

EvaluationAssignments

Projects

Quizzes

Tests

Mid-semester Exams

End-semester Exam

Attention span, 15min!

Ethics

18

Quality & Excellence

Strive for World-Class Institutions & Organizations.

We are what we repeatedly do

Excellence then is not an act but a habit

Aristotle

APK ‘11

19

The Innovation chain

complex network of people, research, & business

generate

new ideas

new products

new jobs

improve

existing products and processes

Does India offer ?

innovation climate

innovation environment

innovation ecosystem

India and Innovation

Encourage risk taking, tolerance towards failures, and generate innovation ecosystem.

Research & Innovation Ecosystem by Kudchadker et al, PANIIT

New grassroots innovators focusing on rural problems

APK ‘11

Biomass Gasifier

20

Strengths crucial for innovation

strong base in sciences, engineering, & HASS

free, independent, lateral thinking, problem-solving skills

different mindsets and enterprise - Entrepreneurs

vibrant venture capitalists/ angels

Innovation

Excellence at every stage of development leading to innovation.

APK ‘11

Amphibious Bicycle

Cold box Sristi

21

Innovation

Is the problem with Engineering Education or Market Pull?

APK ‘11

Not able to sustain your interest in

Technology & Innovation, as

demonstrated in Techfests, Robofests,…..

WHY!

Introspection:

22

Start from the 2-yr olds.

Encourage youth to be passionately curious

- to question, to think, and to reason

their way of understanding

Einstein

India: An Innovative Nation

APK ‘11

23

Education - For All

Food (The 9-Billion People Question!)

Healthcare Systems

frugal innovation

Energy – Solar, Wind, Nuclear, H2, …

Water Management

Clean Technologies

Global Warming/ Climate Change

The Gap

Sustainable Development

Impact of Technology

Effect of Genetic Engineering

- Ethics

Future Challenges & Concerns

Convert dreams into reality. APK ‘11

24

Low Cost Miniaturized Medical Diagnostics

Convert dreams into reality –Scientists + Engineers + Clinicians.

An Integrated Microfluidic

Device for glucose and protein

in urine, & possibly for testing

blood samples for HIV/AIDS,

dengue fever, or hepatitis

(Harvard)

GE Mac 400 ECG Machine

CellScope – Diagnostic quality

Microscope attached to Mobile

Phone (Fletcher Lab, Berkeley;

World Health Partners)

Hand-held Prototype

Confocal Microscope for

Cancer detection (MSKCC, NY)

APK ‘11

25

Your Perception

Your VisionYour DriveYour Enterprise

Innovation & Creativity

Quality of mind & effort required to adapt existing and new knowledge & experience

YOU ARE THE FUTURE.

Depends very much on you

APK ‘11

26

"I slept and dreamt that life was Joy

And then I awoke and realized

That life was Duty

And then I went to work.....

And lo and behold.....!

I discovered that Duty can be Joy!"

Rabindranath Tagore

The Beginning

The Beginning