United Nations DP/2003/36

Executive Board of theUnited Nations DevelopmentProgramme and of theUnited Nations Population Fund

Distr.: General30 July 2003

Original: English

Second regular session 20038 to 12 September 2003, New YorkItem 6 of the provisional agendaCountry programmes and related matters

Assistance to Afghanistan (2004-2005)

Note by the Administrator

Contents

Introduction

I. Situation analysis ...............................................

A. Role of the international community ..............................

B. National priorities and development challenges .....................

II. UNDP in Afghanistan 2000 to 2003 .................................

A. Programmes and achievements .................................

B Key lessons learned

III. Proposed programme ............................................

A Support for the state-building process ............................

B. Building governance for local recovery and development ...............

C. National security ...........................................

D. Information management ......................................

IV. Programme management, monitoring and evaluation .....................

Annex

Results and resources framework

Paragraphs Page

1-3 2

4-11 2

5-7 2

8-1i 2

12-33 3

13-23 3

24-33 5

34-58 6

38-45 6

46-49 8

50-54 8

55-58 9

59-62 9

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03-45060 (E) 070803

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Introduction

1. Conflict and social upheaval have prevented thepreparation of a UNDP country p1"ogramme forAfghanistan since 1984. In the absence of a formalprogramme, the Executive Board has authorized theAdministrator to support projects under a series ofexemptions. The current arrangement covers the period2000-2003.

2. Over the course of the next two years, 2004-2005,the transitional period of building national institutionsin Afghanistan under the Bonn Agreement is expectedto culminate in a durable structure of governancetailored to the national culture and priorities. Duringthe same period, the Government, the United NationsAssistance Mission to Afghanistan (UNAMA) andother United Nations institutions intend to prepare thefirst United Nations common country assessment(CCA) and United Nations Development AssistanceFramework (UNDAF) for Afghanistan. UNDPanticipates agreeing with the Government on a formalcountry programme, synchronized with theprogrammes of other United Nations institutions, forthe following three to five years. The MillenniumDevelopment Goals (MDGs) will continue to serve the overarching frame of reference.

3. For the period 2004-2005, the Administratorseeks the authorization of the Executive Board tocontinue to approve assistance on a project-by-projectbasis, consistent with the normal rules, regulations, andguidelines of UNDP.

I. Situation analysis

4. Prior to December 2001, Afghanistan lacked alegitimate, internationally recognized government withwhich international aid organizations could coordinatetheir activities. As a result, the internationalcommunity typically worked directly withcommunities. In December 2001, the Bonn Agreementestablished an Afghan Interim Authority (AIA)I withwhich international organizations immediately begancooperating. The AIA governed the country until anEmergency Loya Jirga was held in June 2002 to decideon a broad-based transitional authority. The transitionalauthority will govern until national elections are heldin 2004.

A. Role of the international community

5. Immediately after the signing of the BonnAgreement, the World Bank, the Asian DevelopmentBank and UNDP conducted a preliminary needsassessment showing a requirement of $14.5 billionover a 10-year period to support reconstruction,excluding humanitarian assistance, with requirementsfor the first 2.5 years of $4.9 billion. At theInternational Conference on Reconstruction Assistanceto Afghanistan, held in Tokyo in January 2002, donorspledged $4.5 billion over 2.5 years. Most of thepledged resources appear likely to be disbursed, withthe majority allocated to humanitarian relief.

6. Since the Tokyo conference, the coordination ofdonor assistance to Afghanistan has moved steadilytoward a process designed and driven by theGovernment, culminating in the presentation of anational development framework (NDF) to donors April 2002. The national development budget (NDB),through which the Government is asking allinternational funding institutions to channel theirassistance, converts the NDF strategy into aninvestment programme.

7. With the replacement of United Nations Officefor the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs and theUnited Nations Special Mission to Afghanistan(UNSMA) by UNAMA, the role of the United Nationsin Afghanistan transitioned from direct coordination ofinternational assistance to support for assumption ofthe coordination role by the Government. UnitedNations institutions seconded staff to sectoral"programme secretariats" within the Government andUNAMA initiated a move to integrate United Nationsprogrammes within the NDF and NDB. A Government-led consultative group process is now under way, withrelevant ministries leading the preparation ofprogrammes outlined in the NDB.

B. National priorities and developmentchallenges

8. The NDF sets forth three national pillars ofpriority for development in Afghanistan: (a) expansionof human and social capital; (b) reconstruction infrastructure and management of natural resources;and (c) building institutional, legal, and regulatorystructures that facilitate private sector growth. Cross-

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cutting priorities address gender, security and the ruleof law, administrative and financial reform, humanrights, the environment, and the reintegration ofrefugees, internally displaced persons (IDPs) andformer combatants. Afghanistan’s three primarydevelopment challenges - which correspond to thethree national pillars of priority and are interrelated -may be described as follows.

9. Social and economic reintegration. A largeproportion of the population are in need of social andeconomic reintegration. Since the Bonn Agreement,about three million Afghan refugees and 700 000 IDPshave returned home or are expected to return soon, andabout 300 000 people remain displaced withinAfghanistan. Former combatants, many of whom havevirtually no experience with civilian life, are alsoreturning home. In the absence of viable alternatives,many farmers are resuming illegal poppy production.War and poverty have swelled the numbers of disabledpeople, widows, orphans and street children. Effectivecommunity development, income generation, andsocial protection for vulnerable people will requirestrengthened capacity and cooperation among all levelsof government.

10. Reconstruction of physical infrastructure. Theroads, bridges, dams, irrigation canals, schools, healthfacilities, drinking water supplies andtelecommunications facilities of Afghanistan are in astate of collapse. Reconstruction will requiresubstantial resources and effective Governmentoversight.

11. Rebuilding state institutions. The ability of theGovernment to mobilize the security, public services,and regulatory environment needed for sustainablehuman development depends on the capacity of itssystem of public administration. At the outset, theauthorities faced a dire situation in this area -dilapidated or destroyed offices, poorly trained civilservants on a low and compressed pay scale, theexclusion of women from the workforce, a ministerialstructure in need of renewal, a legislative structure indisarray, a collapsed reporting framework between thecenter and provinces, a lack of national data, and littlerespect for the rule of law throughout society. Theenormous challenge of public administration reformlies ahead.

II. UNDP in Afghanistan 2000 to 2003

12. Following the events of late 2001, UNDP hasadjusted its programme of assistance to meet thechanging development needs of Afghanistan. Thepractice areas where the country office and theGovernment have established solid cooperation aredemocratic governance, poverty reduction, crisisprevention and recovery, and information andcommunications technology (ICT).

A. Programmes and achievements

13. The Poverty Eradication and CommunityEmpowerment (PEACE) Initiative. The PEACEInitiative predates the Afghanistan Interim Authority. Itcontinued until 2002, at which time donor leadershipfor community development programming wasdesignated to the World Bank. Implemented by theUnited Office for Project Services (UNOPS), the Foodand Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO), and the United Nations Human SettlementProgramme (Habitat), PEACE supported communitiesin the repair of their infrastructure, providing jobs andskills to thousands of Afghans. It offered vaccinationsand preventive care for livestock and enabled thecountry to meet its entire requirement of wheat seedfrom domestic production. It facilitated more than2 100 community groups (8 per cent formed bywomen) and provided rehabilitation and socioeconomicservices to disabled people in areas throughout thecountry.

14. Immediate operation of the Afghan InterimAuthority. Only four days after the Interim Authorityassumed office, UNDP advanced funds for basic officeequipment and supplies, which were handed over to thenew ministries. Under the leadership of UNAMA,UNDP established and managed the Afghan InterimAuthority Fund (AIAF), making possible the rapid andflexible disbursement of $72 million in donor fundingduring the first half of 2002. The AIAF funded (a) thesalaries of 240 000 civil servants, in all 32 provinces,and the establishment of a payroll system; (b) basicrepairs to, and equipping of, government buildings;(c) the establishment of national commissions mandated by the Bonn Agreement; and (d) the nationalprocess leading to the Emergency Loya Jirga thatselected the transitional Government, and theEmergency Loya Jirga itself.

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15. The national commissions. The Bonn Agreementcalls for the Afghan Government to establish, with theassistance of the United Nations, a number ofcommissions to lead the country towards democracyand the rule of law. In collaboration with UNAMA,United Nations Volunteers (UNV), and other partners,UNDP has supported the establishment and operationof the Emergency Loya Jirga Commission, theConstitutional Commission, the Judicial ReformCommission, the Civil Service Commission, and theHuman Rights Commission. UNDP seconded one of itsmost senior Afghan professionals as the Director of theSecretariat to the Constitutional Commission.

16. Information management and aid coordination.UNDP has actively supported the upgrading ofinformation management in Afghanistan.Achievements supported by UNDP, the European

Commission, and the Government of France to dateinclude (a) the development of a national ICT policythrough a consultative process led by the Ministry ofCommunications; (b) the transfer of the ".at" countrycode Top Level Domain to Afghanistan, marking a keysymbolic break with the Taliban years, when Internetuse was prohibited; (c) expansion of ICT accessthrough the establishment of an Intranet system for theGovernment (with the World Bank); (d) establishmentof a Cisco Networking Academy Programme at KabulUniversity; and (e) the establishment of basic ICTtraining centers in Kabul and other cities.

17. UNAMA has the lead role in coordinating theoperational activities of United Nations institutions,including their support to the consultative group andnational budget processes. Under the leadership ofUNAMA, UNDP helped the Government to establishan Aid Coordination Unit and a Public InformationUnit within the Afghan Assistance CoordinationAgency. Among other activities, the Aid CoordinationUnit created a donor assistance database in response tothe NDF’s call for a donor tracking system. UNDP is~also supporting the national data requirements of theNDF.

18. Afghan women and governance. The NDF callsfor "specific programmes directed to enhancing thecapabilities of our girls and women". Toward thisobjective, UNDP has (a) supported Afghan women’sgroups in securing women’s participation in theEmergency Loya Jirga; (b) funded (through the AIAF)the physical rehabilitation and Internet connection ofthe Ministry of Women’s Affairs; and (c) provided

ongoing institutional capacity-building support to theMinistry, including gender training and women’sprofessional training, in collaboration with the UnitedNations Women’s Fund (UNIFEM), UNAMA andUNV.

19. National security. UNDP supports thefoundations for national security in Afghanistan inthree areas: the creation of a national civilian policeservice, the disarmament, demobilization, andreintegration (DDR) of combatants, and mine action.With their salaries covered by the AIAF, the policereturned to work in Kabul immediately after the BonnAgreement. Together with UNAMA police advisers,and with Germany as the lead donor country, UNDPestablished the Law and Order Trust Fund forAfghanistan (LOTFA), which accords first priority covering police salaries.

20. The Government, UNAMA, and UNDP- withJapan as the lead donor country - have established athree-year programme for DDR. The programme servesas the secretariat to the four DDR commissions and isestablishing offices and building DDR capacity inKabul and in eight provinces. To help build nationalcapacity in mine action, UNDP works with the UnitedNations Mine Action Centre for Afghanistan, and willcollaborate to explore suitable government counterpartarrangements for the future. A comprehensive landmineimpact survey is currently under way.

21. Area-based development. The national area-based development programme (NABDP) is a majorGovernment initiative set forth in the NDF. Theprogramme encompasses development activities in10vulnerable areas of Afghanistan while buildinggovernment capacity to lead and coordinateparticipatory development in all provinces. UNDP isdesignated as the lead agency to support the Ministryof Rural Rehabilitation and Development (MRRD) as designs and manages the NABDP. The achievements ofthe programme include (a) organizational reformswithin the MRRD; (b) rehabilitation of the provincialoffices of the MRRD; (c) development of a provincialcoordination mechanism and planning process; and(d) regular monitoring exercises and MRRD training monitoring and evaluation and provision of urgentrecovery support with UNOPS, FAO, and Habitat as

implementing partners. These and other plannedcapacity-building initiatives facilitate the managementand implementation of other national programmes.

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22. Urban recovery and employment. The Recoveryand Employment Afghanistan Programme (REAP) is quick-impact public works programme supported byUNDP and UNV. In Kabul, Kandahar, and Jalalabad,REAP has (a) employed more than 45,000 people--mainly IDPs, returnees, and former combatants--in therehabilitation of small infrastructure, including projectsto improve women’s living conditions; (b) establishedvocational training centres for women; (c) providedworkers with tools used in their work, enabling them tooffer their skills to other potential employers; and(d) helped to build the capacity of more than20 municipalities and ministries and more than30 community groups. REAP is now becoming part ofthe Ministry of Urban Development and Housing.

23. Support to disabled Afghans. The ComprehensiveDisabled Afghans Programme (CDAP), implementedby UNOPS, has provided rehabilitation and socio-economic services to disabled people since 1991. With400 national staff members and 2 000 trainedcommunity volunteers, CDAP reaches 20 000 disabledpeople each year (totalling over 150 000 since theprogramme started in 1991) in 58 districts and eightcities of Afghanistan.

B. Key lessons learned

24. The following lessons learned by UNDP from theexperiences of the past few years have beenincorporated in the design of future programming.

25. Government mechanisms for leading andcoordinating international assistance. Such mechanismsare vital to the success and legitimacy of the recoveryand development efforts. The early establishment ofthe NDF under national leadership, the NDB, and theconsultative group process ensured focus, coherence,and national leadership in assistance programming. AllUNDP programming and resource mobilization takeplace within these guiding mechanisms.

26. Building the national capacity needed foreffective government-led recovery and development. Asthe Government strengthens its leadership of recoveryand development, an increasing programming focus isneeded on helping Afghans create governancestructures, systems, and procedures that facilitate theachievement of national goals. All support for reformsshould ensure that while international best practices areintroduced, the best of the existing laws andadministrative systems and procedures are retained.

Working through Government structures has moreimpact than creating parallel project implementationstructures. The UNDP national execution modality canhelp accelerate the building of national ownership,enhancing impact and creating sustainability.

27. Flexibility and responsiveness to evolving nationalpriorities. UNDP programming changes in the period2000-2003 reflect the evolving - and increasingly well-articulated - priorities of the Government forreconstruction and development. Flexibility is essentialto effective assistance programming.

28. Regular assessments of UNDP country officecapacities. The UNDP country office must continuallyadjust its human resource and operational profile tosuit national needs, priorities, and programming focus.Assessments are needed to ensure flexibility andresponsiveness.

29. Support for governance reforms. As theGovernment strengthens its leadership of nationalreconstruction and development, capacity-buildingsupport for the establishment of structures, systems,and procedures that facilitate the achievement ofnational goals is paramount. UNDP support shouldensure that while international best practices areintroduced, the best of the existing laws andadministrative systems and procedures are retained.

30. Quick-impact, labor-intensive projects to createemployment and rebuild infrastructure. These projectshave an essential role in the early stages ofreconstruction. Their sustainable impact depends onsuccess in transferring to national authorities thecapacity to plan and manage activities and stimulateeconomic regeneration, providing longer-termlivelihood opportunities. Effectively managed publicworks projects have the potential to expandopportunities for employment, reintegration, andreconciliation while accelerating the reconstruction ofessential social and economic infrastructures.

31. Local planning and coordination mechanisms.Such mechanisms have the potential to ensure thatlocally generated priorities are incorporated in theoverall budgeting cycle of the Government, and theytherefore deserve careful attention. Communitymobilization, even during the years of severe nationalupheaval, helped many communities organizethemselves into informal structures of localgovernance. Their interface with decentralized formalgovernment structures now provides opportunities for

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cooperation across the various levels of Afghansociety.

32. Effective support for the gender objectives of theGovernment. The restoration of women’s rights is anational priority that must form an integral - andcarefully targeted - component of all programming.This will require continuing cultural sensitivity, anAfghan-driven process of mainstreaming gender, and ameasured pace of change. Particular attention is neededfor gender research, policy, and institutional capacitybuilding. National momentum for this process isevident in the substantial demand, on the part of theministries and the Office of the President, for thetraining programmes of the Ministry of Women’sAffairs.

33. Security and economic development areinterrelated objectives that must be pursued in tandem.A favorable security environment is needed for thesuccess of both relief and development activities. Atthe same time, economic development that fosterslegitimate livelihoods - particularly alternatives tosoldiering and poppy farming - is needed for thesustainable rehabilitation of security services.

III. Proposed programme

34. The Government and UNDP have identified fourprincipal areas of cooperation for the period 2004-2005: (a) Support for the state-building process;(b) building governance for local recovery anddevelopment; (c) national security; and (d) informationmanagement.

35. These are areas where national priorities coincidewith the global mandate of UNDP, and where lessonslearned from previous UNDP cooperation inAfghanistan can be incorporated. All activities willtake place with government leadership, and UNDP willcollaborate closely with the ministries, agencies, anddonors leading programmes within the consultativegroup process. Given the imperative of empoweringAfghan women and promoting gender equality inAfghanistan, the Government and UNDP will ensurethat gender issues are consistently mainstreamed andcarefully paced. In addition to the direct supportprovided to the national security sector, all programmeactivities will aim to consolidate peace and to enhancesecurity by helping the Government to provide publicservices, create an enabling environment for legitimatelivelihoods, and promote respect for the rule of law. To

the extent possible, all activities will aim forcountrywide impact.

36. UNDP will remain flexible and responsive toevolving national priorities. In 2004, the first NationalHuman Development Report (NHDR) of Afghanistanwill provide an important vehicle for the Governmentto refine the priorities of the country and to identifynew areas where targeted cooperation withinternational humanitarian organizations can acceleraterecovery and development. The NHDR will be the firstcomprehensive review of the state of development ofAfghanistan. UNDP will stand ready to act in responseto needs identified based on the NHDR as well as theCCA/UNDAF process.

37. Throughout the period, UNDP will work underthe UNAMA umbrella and will ensure maximumcollaboration and programme complementarity withother international actors such as the World Bank andthe Asian Development Bank, as well as with UnitedNations institutions such as UNICEF, the Office of theHigh Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), UNFPA,UNIFEM, the World Food Programme (WFP), theFood and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and theUnited Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS).United Nations Volunteers will play an increasinglyimportant role in the delivery of developmentassistance in all areas, providing a high level of skillsat reasonable cost. Finally, UNDP willbe ready toprovide increasing support to UNAMA in thecoordination of operational activities among UnitedNations agencies and in the provision of commonservices.

A. Support for the state-building process

Public administration reform

38. The NDB sets forth plans for a PublicAdministration Reform (PAR) sub-programme,identifying seven key pillars (some of which sit outsidethe PAR sub-programme) that are central to theestablishment of an effective civil service: (a) the civilservice legal framework; (b) personnel management;(c) institutional and functional streamlining anddevelopment; (d) financial management andaccountability; (e) policy management and machineryof government; (f) administrative efficiency; and(g) physical infrastructure. The Administrative Reformand Civil Service Commission (ARCSC) is responsible

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for leading and coordinating the Programme and forimplementing some of its projects.

39. Recognizing the need for a government-wide andinclusive approach, the ARCSC is forming an inter-ministerial group on administrative reform. Contactgroups will be established within ministries and in theprovinces to exchange ideas and information. As a firststep towards streamlining Government institutions andidentifying capacity-building needs, the ARCSC haslaunched an assessment of the structure, functions, andstaffing of ministries and other government agencies. Apresidential decree has been prepared to provideincentives for early reforms within ministries. Thesesteps are expected to clarify specific needs andpriorities for PAR.

40. Over the past year, a consensus has emergedamong many government officials and donors thatUNDP is well placed to support the Government inPAR. All such support will take place under theleadership of the ARCSC and in consultation with theWorld Bank and the European Commission. UNDP willprovide continuing advisory services to the ARCSCand will recruit public administration reform experts,both Afghan and international, in line with Governmentrequests and donor support. In partnership with theGovernment of France, UNDP will continue to supportpilot schemes to lay the groundwork for overall reform.It will further support in-service training and formaltraining of civil servants and will assist in capacitybuilding of related Government training institutes.

Institutions for social justice

41. In completing the Bonn process, the IslamicTransitional State of Afghanistan anticipates launchingthe rebuilding and development of effective nationalsystems of elections, justice, and human rightspromotion and protection. UNDP will facilitate thestate-building process in Afghanistan in each of thesekey areas.

42. Following the adoption of a new Constitution latein 2003, elections are envisaged in 2004. UNAMA andthe Electoral Assistance Division of the United NationsDepartment of Political Affairs are leading UnitedNations support for the electoral process inAfghanistan. UNDP is providing technical assistanceon elections and is prepared to expand its support inthis area as and when requested. In particular, UNDPenvisions facilitating voter registration, supportingelections monitoring, and contributing even-handed

capacity-building and coordination support to politicalcontestants. UNV is prepared to mobilize largenumbers of volunteer experts to facilitate the electionsprocess, and UNOPS will offer rapid procurement atreasonable cost as needed for the elections.

43. In support of the Judicial Commission, UNDP -with Italy as the lead donor country - will support(a) civic education on the new constitution; (b) forging of links and partnerships between legal actorsin Kabul and regions, with particular attention to therole of women in the judicial system; (c) thestrengthening of judicial institutions such as theSupreme Court, the Ministry of Justice and the Officeof the Attorney General; and (d) the rehabilitation courthouses and other judicial facilities in allprovinces.

44. UNDP will continue to promote themainstreaming of human rights into Afghan law,policy, development programming, and the frameworkof national institutions. In collaboration with UNAMA,Denmark (as the lead donor country) and otherpartners, UNDP will help the AIHRC to (a) implementa programme of public education on human rights;(b) build its capacity to process complaints andpetitions and to resolve conflicts; (c) manage humanrights data; and (d) ensure human rightsmainstreaming.

Afghan women in governance

45. UNDP will continue its programme ofcapacity-building support to the Ministry of Women’sAffairs in partnership with UNAMA, UNIFEM, UNV,and the United States Agency for InternationalDevelopment (USAID). By early 2004, this support expected to have provided the Ministry with a solidfoundation for managing its own gender-trainingprogramme for the Afghan transitional authority andcivil society. As the Ministry extends its gendermainstreaming activities to the provinces, acrossministries, and within civil society, UNDP will providefollow-up technical assistance as needed. Beyondtraining, UNDP expects to participate in a strategicgender policy review and to support the developmentof a national gender strategy that integrates genderprogramming across health, education, employment,law, human rights, peace building, and other sectors.Gender-related areas of national priority identifiedthrough the NHDR will receive particular attention.

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B. Building governance for local recoveryand development

46. UNDP cooperation for local recovery anddevelopment will continue in area-based development,urban recovery, meeting the needs of disabled people,and other areas. For area-based development, theNABDP supports urgent recovery projects, governmentcapacity building at all levels, and medium- and long-term development projects to stimulate localeconomies. During the period 2004-2005, UNDPanticipates deepening its support for the formation ofcoordination and planning mechanisms that ensureparticipation, transparency and accountability at theprovincial and district level. With experience, theplanning process is expected to become increasinglyinclusive, gathering broader input from civil societyand the private sector and encouraging their growth.Linkages across levels of government in the planningprocess will ensure that locally generated priorities areincorporated in the planning and budgeting cycle of theGovernment. Through its umbrella approach, under theleadership of the Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation andDevelopment, the NABDP will support the nationalsolidarity programme (NSP) and related initiatives.

47. Operating from within the Ministry of UrbanDevelopment and Housing, REAP will help theGovernment build capacity to create employment andrebuild infrastructure in urban areas throughout thecountry. The Ministry anticipates complementing theDDR programme by offering public works andvocational training opportunities to former combatants.In cooperation with Habitat, UNDP will providecontinuing technical advice and resource mobilizationsupport to government bodies involved in urbanrecovery and employment.

48. UNDP support for disabled Afghans, which nowinvolves primarily community-based rehabilitation andsocio-economic services with implementation supportfrom UNOPS and the Swedish Committee forAfghanistan, will shift towards building sustainablecapacity within the Government to design disabilitypolicies and manage rehabilitation projects. In thesame context, these activities will shift towards anational execution modality. Linkages are anticipatedbetween the national mine action programme andprogrammes to benefit disabled Afghans.

49. In addition, UNDP will respond flexibly toevolving priorities, including possible support to the

preparation of a national poverty reduction strategy. Inareas of high return and IDP settlement, UNDP willcollaborate with the Government, UNHCR, and otherUnited Nations institutions in the context of the "4-Rs"process: repatriation, reintegration, rehabilitation, andreconstruction. In January 2003, UNDP and UNHCRsigned a letter of agreement, and the MRRD, UNDP,and UNHCR signed a tripartite agreement outliningtheir respective roles and areas of cooperation in theAfghan process of reintegrating returnees and IDPs.

C. National security

50. Security and economic development areinterrelated objectives that the Afghan TransitionalAuthority is pursuing simultaneously. UNDP willstrengthen its support for three vital areas of nationalsecurity in 2004-2005: police capacity building, DDR,mine action, and disaster management. Progress inthese areas will depend on the prevailing securitysituation.

51. During the transition period, UNDP managementof LOTFA will channel international support towardsthe creation of a well-trained, well-equipped, andregularly paid national police service. With Germanyas the lead donor country and UNAMA providingpolice advisers, LOTFA aims to support nationwiderecruitment and training, procurement of non-lethalequipment, and rehabilitation of police facilities.Beyond transition, UNDP envisions providingcontinuing support for the Ministry of Interior tomaintain a national police service with a genuinelyintegrated ethnic composition and a solidunderstanding of the need for transparency,accountability, and human rights protection.

52. The Afghan DDR process began in mid-2003with support from UNAMA, UNDP, and Japan as thelead donor country. The reintegration strategy will aimto create conditions for demobilized soldiers to becomeproductive members of their communities throughemployment creation, credit opportunities, vocationaltraining and access to education. Critical linkages willbe established with other programmes - such as areabased development, urban public works, and mineaction - in identifying opportunities for formercombatants to engage productively in the nation-building process. The programme anticipates drawingheavily upon the skills of UNVs. It will complementthe collaborative activities of the Government,

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UNAMA, and the Government of the United States inthe development of the Afghan National Army.

53. UNDP will work with MACA, the Government ofCanada and other partners to strengthen nationalcapacity for mine action. The LIS currently beingconducted will provide a socio-economic basis forprioritizing mine clearance activities and formulating anational strategy for mine action. In accordance withGovernment requests, UNDP will support thedevelopment of the strategy and capacity building forits implementation.

54. UNDP also envisions expanding its support forthe effective operation of the Office of DisasterPreparedness (ODP) in collaboration with UNAMA,the Asian Development Bank, and the German non-governmental organization InWent, within theframework of the role and functions identified for ODPby the Government.

D. Information management

55. UNDP will support the strengthening ofinformation management capacity in Afghanistanthrough interventions in three areas: (a) ICT policy,capacity, and access; (b) aid coordination; and (c) management.

56. ICT programming will aim to (a) advocate forGovernment ownership and implementation of thenational ICT policy; (b) facilitate the updating of thepolicy to incorporate feedback and account for growingprivate sector involvement; (c)provide regular policyadvice at senior levels; (d) expand ICT training supportto towns and cities throughout Afghanistan andencourage private sector responsibility for specialistICT training; and (e) support the creation of enabling framework for Internet service providers andpublic Internet access points.

57. UNDP will assist the aid coordination efforts ofthe Government through continuing support to theconsultative group process and the donor assistancedatabase. To promote transparency and realisticexpectations for reconstruction, UNDP will support apublic information centre and a national team of publicinformation specialists.

58. UNDP will expand its support for datamanagement in anticipation of the NHDR produced byAfghanistan, national monitoring of the MDGs, and inthe preparation of a CCA and an UNDAF. The

Afghanistan Information Management Service willbecome a vehicle for building national datamanagement capacity. In addition, UNDP anticipates arole in conducting a national census, preparing thenational data strategy, and establishing an independentpolicy development institute.

IV. Programme management,monitoring and evaluation

59. UNDP will continue to support acceleratednational ownership of development programming inAfghanistan. The process of shifting from directexecution by UNDP and other United Nationsinstitutions national execution is under way, withgovernment officials receiving training andparticipating in the design of transition strategies.Some projects are already nationally executed, andacceleration of this process will be given as high apriority as the progress in national capacity buildingwill allow. UNDP will strengthen its own capacity toundertake the various programmes envisaged. It willrely increasingly on qualified Afghan nationals,recruited from within the country and internationally,for programme design and implementation. Severalinitiatives are helping to build the capacity of theGovernment to monitor and evaluate its Programmesby strengthening national data management.

60. UNDP will contribute actively to the consultativegroup process in partnership with ministries, agencies,and donors. This involvement will complement thegrowing role of UNDP in coordinating the operationalactivities of United Nations institutions and inproviding common services.

61. Achievements of results during this period will ofcourse be greatly influenced by the overall securitysituation. The goals and objectives anticipated in thisnote will depend on a continued successfuldevelopment towards a sustainable peace.

62. All resource mobilization efforts will take placeunder Government leadership within the nationalbudgeting and consultative group processes. It isexpected that major resources mobilization efforts willbe undertaken with donor countries in conjunction withsome of the largest programmes such as NABDP,REAP, LOTFA and DDR.

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Annex. Results and resources framework

Strategic area of suppon Intended outcomesOutputs

Outcome indicators

A. Support to th~ ~tate-huflding processA.1. Public admimlstration reform

Efficiency and Efficiency, accountability, and Level of efficie~y, accountability and ~y i, public Completed assessment of Govertanent structure, functions, and staffing;accountability in the :ivil transparency improved in t~¢service

administration (specific indicators to be developed for each of theseven PAR areas of national seven PAR areas); Action plans prcpared,’implemented in the seven PAR areas;pno~ty

Level of Ideas/information ca reform shared among contact Inter-ministerial group on PAR formed and in operation;groups within ministries andin the provinces. Restrncturing plan d~ised and impleme~tted;

Ptogrammes of ince~ves for early reforms within ministne: established and operationaluntil new salary stngt.tre is intrnduced.

A.2. State-buiidimg for racial lustice

Electoral legislation tad A free and fair natioml elections Degree to which election is f~e and Facilities for voter registration in place;institutional capacity of system establishedelectoral commissiom, Percentage of voting age popalation included in voter registration; Trained national elections monitors;systems, and processes International monitoring atmxged to et~-ure elections held Capacity built to support ~ntestants;

acen~Ung to Bonn Agreemc~.Approved elections pdicies;

Central elections committee in operation.

Administration of, aed Mechanisms to promote access Degree to which human rights among all population groups and Supreme Couff, Minisuy of Justice, and Attorney General’s Office in full ~n;access to, justice and to justice, and protect human regions of the couaUy are protected;promotion of human rights rights in accordance with Islamic Judicial facifities ~:habilitated in all provinces;

principles, Afghan legal Increased presence of womes at aU levels in the judichl system;traditions and international Strengthened capacity of AIHRC to promote and protect human rights;

standardsAt least one major legal education, training, and resemehinstitution established and operational; Linkages established between legal actors in Kabul and the legions;

Ability of Afghan Independent Human Rights Commi~on Civic education on the Constitution provided;(AIHRC) to process compla~.ts and petitions, conflict resolution; Training programme on ennflict resolution for local government officials and NGOsNumber of public education programmes on human rights established and implemented.conducted.

== ,A.3. Afghan women in governance

Policy di~ogue to improve Gender issues mainstream~l in All new programmes with gender aspect incorporated; Expanded MoWA tram/rig programmes;the condition of womea and programmes initiated by theremove barriers to Office of the President, Capacity in Ministry of Women’s Affairs 0VIoWA) to manage its Updated strategic gender policy;advancement minisU’ies, other government own training programmes (gender training and womes’s technical

bodies and civil society training) for Government and civil society. National multi-sectonl gender sWategy~leveloped and appn:ved.

10

DP/2003/3{

B BuHcling governan.ce for local recove.ry aud development

Social cohesion through Effective coordination/planningNmnber of public works projects compl~cd, vuinerable people Established capacity at the local levels to plan, finance, manage, mon/tor and evaluatedevelopment planning and mechanisms in place at employed, and mban areas bmefiting from goveanmcrt-led public interventions;other decision-making provincial and distxict levels to works projects;processes at the sub-national¢~axre ¢fficiemy, participation, Improved local infrastructure to e~pand inf, om¢ gealcl"afion opporixl~tics ~hrough publiclevel transparency, and accountability.Level of employment oppommities generated in urban and wodcs projects;

subarban areas;

Lv~I of locally gemfatvcl i~..orities incoq~oratvdin theNational disability policy developed, approved ~1 implemented;

Government’s planning and budgeting processes and rdlected in Government officials trained in disability policy formulation;recovery and development interventions; Sustainable GovemmetR capacity to coordinate ~ manage projects benditing theLevel of se~riccs provided to disabled Afghans country-wide. disabled.

C. National securltT

Capacit~ development of Secmity situation Improved in Police paid regularly and adequately; Management of donor funding for police during Wansition; training and o~her forms ofnational institutions and civil the to.nay tl~ugh cap~ty building for police; police equipment Focured; police facilities rehabilitated;society crganizations to demobilization and mine action, Adequacy of police se~ice ixovided in the country;,advance human security as well as through gaengthenedNumbor of weapons collected; of combatants disarmed; of Improved police recruitment system;

civifian police combatants reintegrated into Iheir communities through vocational Police recruited and trained in all provinces;training, education, credit and employment generation;

Upgraded non-lethal police equipment and faci[ties;Area cleared of minns and mr.xploded ordinance with reducedfreoamcy of accidents; Oovcnunent aulhofity for mine action defined;

I.¢~1 of services provided to former combatants and nine Established national mine action strategy pursuant to Landmine Impact Survey.viclims.

D. Information .management

Access to, and utilization of, National ICT capacity expanded,Ntmbcr of towns/cities with ICT ~ canten; National ICT policy updated and implemented;information and and ICT access improved incommunication technologies Afghanistan Number of Afghan civil servants, women and general public who Enabling framework created for ISPs and operation of public Inte~aet acoess points.OCT) haw acquired basic ICT skills;

Training programmes in basic ICT skilt~ conducted nationwide;Level of/nternet acceas~ili~ and number of Interact serviceproviders (ISPs); Transfer of responsibility for specialist ICT trahing to private sector.

Co~t~ code Top Level Domin "af’ maintained.

Monitoring of poven’y and An effective system to monitor Ability of Government to enlect and manage national data; Afghanistan’s first and second National Human Development Reports (tff~Rs)ineqnalily puvew/and inequality with l~bllshed, generating ¢onstl~tive debate on human development issues ~aroughont

disaggregated data by gender Adequacy of social and economic data and indicators of human Afghan society;,and province de~lopmmt.

National data strategy developed and approved;

Census of the Afghan population conducted.

Aid cco]dinafion and An ea’Tective aid coordination I..~’~l of infommtion on aid md reconsWaction availatie to media Enhanced Donor Assistance Database, which erables aid tracking and facilitatesmanagmacnt system to manage pmgramm~ and the public. programme planning/monitoring, resource mob~zation and resource allocation;

in a publicly transimrc~ mannerStrengthened national capacity to monitor and manage aid flow.

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