Exercise 6: Tissues

Remember……

Chemical

Cellular

Tissue

Organ

Organ System

Organismal Level

Tissues are:groups of cells that are similar in structure and

function Histology = study of tissues

The four tissue types are:Epithelial ConnectiveMuscularNervous

Functionsprotection: covers surfacessensory inputabsorptionfiltrationsecretion

Epithelial Tissue

Characteristicsavascularfit closely togetherhas a “top” and “bottom”:

apical surface (free) basement membrane

regeneration

Epithelial Tissue

Number of cell layersSimpleStratifiedPseudostratified

Shape of apical surface cellsSquamousCuboidalColumnarTransitional

Epithelial Tissue: Classification

Figure 4.3

Function: Good for Diffusion

Where found?

Epithelial Tissue: Simple Squamous

Figure 4.5a

Function: absorption and secretion

Where found?

Epithelial Tissue: Simple Columnar

Function: secrete mucus and move mucus with cilia

Where found?

Epithelial Tissue: Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar

Function: protection from abrasion

Where found?

Epithelial Tissue: Stratified Squamous

Epithelial Tissue: Transitional

Functions: stretches

Where found?

Figure 4.4a

Functions: secretion

Where found?

Epithelial Tissue: Simple Cuboidal

Functionsprotectionsupportbind together other tissues of body

Most abundant and widespread tissue in body

Connective Tissue

CharacteristicsRich blood flow

Exceptions?

Composed of Specialized cells and Extracellular Matrix (nonliving area between

cells) protein fibers & ground substance

Connective tissue

Four Connective Tissue Types

1 2 3 4Fibrous Liquid Hard

Connective Tissue: Areolar

Cells: fibroblastsMatrix: gel-likeFunction: wraps and cushions organs

Figure 4.11

Reticular Tissue

Cells: Adipocytes (fat)Matrix: sparseFunction: reserves, protection, insulation

Connective Tissue: Adipose

Cells: fibroblastsMatrix: primarily collagen fibersFunction: tendons and ligaments

Connective Tissue: Dense Regular

Cells: chrondrocytes in lacunae (egg-shaped)Matrix: firm with collagenFunction: support and reinforce (ribs, nose, trachea)

Connective Tissue: Hyaline Cartilage

Elastic Cartilage

• More flexible/pliable• Supports and protects

outside the bone• Where found?

Fibrocartilage

• More dense than other cartilages

• Good for support, cushioning, and shock absorption between bones

• Pubic Symphysis, Meniscus of knee, verterbral column

Connective Tissue: Bone

Cells: osteocytes in lacunaeMatrix: hard, calcified with collagenFunction: support and attachment

Blood & Lymph Fluid

• WHY is this liquid tissue considered a connective tissue?

• What is its function?

Muscle Tissue

3 Types of Muscle TissueSkeletalSmoothCardiac

Function of each?

Nerve Tissue

Function?

Exercise 7: Integumentary System

Integumentary System

SkinEpidermis

Epithelial Tissue (Stratified squamous)

Dermis Connective Tissue

Hypodermis (superficial fascia) Connective Tissue

Figure 5.1

Epidermis

Dermis

Hypodermis(superficialfascia)

Hair root

Hair shaft

Pore

Dermal papillae (papillary layer of dermis)

Meissner's corpuscle

Free nerve endingReticular layer of dermis

Sebaceous (oil) gland

Arrector pili muscle

Sensory nerve fiberEccrine sweat gland

Pacinian corpuscle

Artery

Vein

Adipose tissue

Hair follicle receptor(root hair plexus)

Hair follicle

Eccrine sweatgland

Epidermis

4 Cell Types: Keratinocytes Langerhans cells Melanocytes Merkel cells

Which layer is missing?

The Structure of the Epidermis

Figure 5.4

Skin (Integument)

Figure 5.1

Structure of the Dermis

Pacinian corpuscles

Meissner’s corpuscles

Accessory Organs of the Skin

Hair Nails Sebaceous Glands Sudoriferous (Sweat) Glands

Anatomy of a Single Hair

Sebaceous Glands and Follicles

Figure 5.11

• Produce sebum (oil)

• Ducts empty into hair follicle

Sweat (Sudoriferous) Glands

Figure 5.12a, b

Apocrine:

found in axillary & anogenital areas

Sweat (Sudoriferous) Glands

Figure 5.12a, b

Eccrine (Merocrine)– found in palms, soles of

the feet, and forehead– water, salt and urea