exercise 6: tissues. remember…… chemical cellular tissue organ organ system organismal level
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Exercise 6: Tissues
Remember……
Chemical
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organismal Level
Tissues are:groups of cells that are similar in structure and
function Histology = study of tissues
The four tissue types are:Epithelial ConnectiveMuscularNervous
Functionsprotection: covers surfacessensory inputabsorptionfiltrationsecretion
Epithelial Tissue
Characteristicsavascularfit closely togetherhas a “top” and “bottom”:
apical surface (free) basement membrane
regeneration
Epithelial Tissue
Number of cell layersSimpleStratifiedPseudostratified
Shape of apical surface cellsSquamousCuboidalColumnarTransitional
Epithelial Tissue: Classification
Figure 4.3
Function: Good for Diffusion
Where found?
Epithelial Tissue: Simple Squamous
Figure 4.5a
Function: absorption and secretion
Where found?
Epithelial Tissue: Simple Columnar
Function: secrete mucus and move mucus with cilia
Where found?
Epithelial Tissue: Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar
Function: protection from abrasion
Where found?
Epithelial Tissue: Stratified Squamous
Epithelial Tissue: Transitional
Functions: stretches
Where found?
Figure 4.4a
Functions: secretion
Where found?
Epithelial Tissue: Simple Cuboidal
Functionsprotectionsupportbind together other tissues of body
Most abundant and widespread tissue in body
Connective Tissue
CharacteristicsRich blood flow
Exceptions?
Composed of Specialized cells and Extracellular Matrix (nonliving area between
cells) protein fibers & ground substance
Connective tissue
Four Connective Tissue Types
1 2 3 4Fibrous Liquid Hard
Connective Tissue: Areolar
Cells: fibroblastsMatrix: gel-likeFunction: wraps and cushions organs
Figure 4.11
Reticular Tissue
Cells: Adipocytes (fat)Matrix: sparseFunction: reserves, protection, insulation
Connective Tissue: Adipose
Cells: fibroblastsMatrix: primarily collagen fibersFunction: tendons and ligaments
Connective Tissue: Dense Regular
Cells: chrondrocytes in lacunae (egg-shaped)Matrix: firm with collagenFunction: support and reinforce (ribs, nose, trachea)
Connective Tissue: Hyaline Cartilage
Elastic Cartilage
• More flexible/pliable• Supports and protects
outside the bone• Where found?
Fibrocartilage
• More dense than other cartilages
• Good for support, cushioning, and shock absorption between bones
• Pubic Symphysis, Meniscus of knee, verterbral column
Connective Tissue: Bone
Cells: osteocytes in lacunaeMatrix: hard, calcified with collagenFunction: support and attachment
Blood & Lymph Fluid
• WHY is this liquid tissue considered a connective tissue?
• What is its function?
Muscle Tissue
3 Types of Muscle TissueSkeletalSmoothCardiac
Function of each?
Nerve Tissue
Function?
Exercise 7: Integumentary System
Integumentary System
SkinEpidermis
Epithelial Tissue (Stratified squamous)
Dermis Connective Tissue
Hypodermis (superficial fascia) Connective Tissue
Figure 5.1
Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis(superficialfascia)
Hair root
Hair shaft
Pore
Dermal papillae (papillary layer of dermis)
Meissner's corpuscle
Free nerve endingReticular layer of dermis
Sebaceous (oil) gland
Arrector pili muscle
Sensory nerve fiberEccrine sweat gland
Pacinian corpuscle
Artery
Vein
Adipose tissue
Hair follicle receptor(root hair plexus)
Hair follicle
Eccrine sweatgland
Epidermis
4 Cell Types: Keratinocytes Langerhans cells Melanocytes Merkel cells
Which layer is missing?
The Structure of the Epidermis
Figure 5.4
Skin (Integument)
Figure 5.1
Structure of the Dermis
Pacinian corpuscles
Meissner’s corpuscles
Accessory Organs of the Skin
Hair Nails Sebaceous Glands Sudoriferous (Sweat) Glands
Anatomy of a Single Hair
Sebaceous Glands and Follicles
Figure 5.11
• Produce sebum (oil)
• Ducts empty into hair follicle
Sweat (Sudoriferous) Glands
Figure 5.12a, b
Apocrine:
found in axillary & anogenital areas
Sweat (Sudoriferous) Glands
Figure 5.12a, b
Eccrine (Merocrine)– found in palms, soles of
the feet, and forehead– water, salt and urea
