exercise: tactical grammar construction for generation
DESCRIPTION
Exercise: Tactical grammar construction for generation Construct a systemic-functional grammar that can generate (at least) the following sentences: 1.John saw Mary. 2.Did John see Mary? 3.Mary was seen by John. 4.The woman saw John. 5.The ball is green. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Exercise: Tactical grammar construction for generation
Construct a systemic-functional grammar that can generate (at least) the following sentences:
1. John saw Mary.
2. Did John see Mary?
3. Mary was seen by John.
4. The woman saw John.
5. The ball is green.
6. The woman saw the green ball.
7. The woman saw the ball that was green.
Think of the semantics involved in each case, too.
Steps to a solution (1):constructing the network
1. Consider the linguistic functions of each clause
2. Consider the linguistic functions of each of the constituents of each clause
3. Consider which constituent-functions reoccur in different clauses
4. Consider in which orders and in which combinations the constituent-functions occur
Clause functions
1. John saw Mary.
2. Did John see Mary?
3. Mary was seen by John.
4. The woman saw John.
5. The ball is green.
6. The woman saw the green ball.
7. The woman saw the ball that was green.
Statement
Yes-no-question
Statement
Statement
Statement
Statement
Statement
A first ‘decision point’ or grammatical system
statement
Yes-no-question
Constituent functions
1. [John] saw [Mary].
3. [Mary] was seen [by [John]].
4. [The woman] saw [John].
5. [The ball] is [green].
6. [The woman] saw [the green ball].
7. [The woman] saw [the ball that was green].
Statement
Statement
Statement
Statement
Statement
Statement
Constituent functions
1. [John] saw [Mary].
3. [Mary] was seen [by [John]].
4. [The woman] saw [John].
5. [The ball] is [green].
6. [The woman] saw [the green ball].
7. [The woman] saw [the ball that was green].
Statement
Statement
Statement
Statement
Statement
Statement
Constituent functions
[John] saw [Mary].
[The woman] saw [John].
[The woman] saw [the green ball].
[The woman] saw [the ball that was green].
Constituent functions
[John] saw [Mary].
[The woman] saw [John].
[The woman] saw [the green ball].
[The woman] saw [the ball that was green].
The one who senses something
The entity of phenomenon sensed
Senser Phenomenon
Constituent functions
sawSenser Phenomenon
[John][Mary]
Process
[The woman]
[John]
[the green ball]
[the ball that was green]
Constituent functions
Senser PhenomenonProcess
+Senser+Process+Phenomenon
Senser^ProcessProcess^Phenomenon
Constituent functions
sawSenser Phenomenon
[John][Mary]
Process
[The woman]
[John]
[the green ball]
[the ball that was green]
Constituent functions
! saw
Senser
Phenomenon
[John]
[John]
[Mary]
[the green ball]
[the ball that was green]
Process
[The woman]
NP / nominal groups NP / nominal groups
A first ‘decision point’ or grammatical system
statement
Yes-no-question
+Senser+Process+Phenomenon
Constituent functions
1. [John] saw [Mary].
3. [Mary] was seen [by [John]].
4. [The woman] saw [John].
5. [The ball] is [green].
6. [The woman] saw [the green ball].
7. [The woman] saw [the ball that was green].
Statement
Statement
Statement
Statement
Statement
Statement
Constituent functions
1. [John] saw [Mary].
3. [Mary] was seen [by [John]].
4. [The woman] saw [John].
5. [The ball] is [green].
6. [The woman] saw [the green ball].
7. [The woman] saw [the ball that was green].
Statement
Statement
Statement
Statement
Statement
Statement
Constituent functions
5. [The ball] is [green].
? ?Process
is
Constituent functions
5. [The ball] is [green].
? ?Process
is
The thing that carries some property
The property that is attributed
Carrier Attribute
Constituent functions
! is
Carrier
Attribute[green]
Process
[The ball]
NP / nominal groups Adjectival phrase / Adjective
A first ‘decision point’ or grammatical system
statement
Yes-no-question
+Senser+Process+Phenomenon
A second ‘decision point’ or grammatical system
statement
Yes-no-question
+Senser+Process+Phenomenon
sensing
attributing+Carrier+Process+Attribute
A second ‘decision point’ or grammatical system
statement
Yes-no-question
+Senser+Phenomenon
sensing
attributing+Carrier+Attribute
+Process
Constituent functions
3. [Mary] was seen [by [John]].
Constituent functions
3. [Mary] was seen [by [John]].
? ?Process
was seen
The entity of phenomenon sensed
The one who senses something
Phenomenon Senser
Grammatical proportionalities
John saw the ball : The ball was seen by John
::The woman saw the boy : The boy was seen by the woman
::John saw Mary : Mary was seen by John
::
[active clause] : [passive clause]
Grammatical proportionalities
John saw the ball : The ball was seen by John
::The woman saw the boy : The boy was seen by the woman
::John saw Mary : Mary was seen by John
::
[active clause] : [passive clause]
Senser / SubjectProcess :: activeform
Phenomenon / SubjectProcess :: passiveform
A third ‘decision point’ or grammatical system
statement
Yes-no-question
+Senser+Phenomenon
sensing
attributing+Carrier+Attribute
+Process
A third ‘decision point’ or grammatical system
statement
Yes-no-question
+Senser+Phenomenon
sensing
attributing+Carrier+Attribute
+Process
passive
activeSenser / SubjectProcess :: activeform
Phenomenon / SubjectProcess :: passiveform
A third ‘decision point’ or grammatical system
statement
Yes-no-question
+Senser+Phenomenon
sensing
attributing+Carrier+Attribute
+Process
passive
activeSenser / SubjectProcess :: activeform
Phenomenon / SubjectProcess :: passiveform
Subject^Process
Subject/Carrier
Clause functions
2. Did John see Mary?Yes-no-question
Clause functions
2. Did John see Mary?Yes-no-question
Process
Finite
Senser Phenomenon
Subject
Senser / SubjectProcess :: activeform
Finite^Subject
A third ‘decision point’ or grammatical system
statement
Yes-no-question
+Senser+Phenomenon
sensing
attributing+Carrier+Attribute
+Process
passive
activeSenser / SubjectProcess :: activeform
Phenomenon / SubjectProcess :: passiveform
Subject^Process
Subject/Carrier
+Subject
A third ‘decision point’ or grammatical system
statement
Yes-no-question
+Senser+Phenomenon
sensing
attributing+Carrier+Attribute
+Process
passive
activeSenser / SubjectProcess :: activeform
Phenomenon / SubjectProcess :: passiveform
Subject^Finite
Subject/Carrier
Finite^Subject
+Subject
One “micro-grammar” for the exercise clauses: version 1
statement
Yes-no-question
+Senser+Phenomenon
sensing
attributing+Carrier+Attribute
+Subject+Process+Finite passive
activeSenser / SubjectProcess :: activeform
Phenomenon / SubjectProcess :: passiveform
Subject^FiniteFinite/Process
Subject/Carrier
Finite^Subject
One “micro-grammar” for the exercise clauses: version 2
statement
Yes-no-question
+Senser+Phenomenon
sensing
attributing+Carrier+Attribute
+Subject +Process+Finite
passive
activeSenser / SubjectProcess :: activeform
Phenomenon / SubjectProcess :: passiveformSubject^Finite
Finite/Process
Subject/Carrier
Finite^Subject
NP or nominal group functions
[John]
[Mary]
[The woman]
[the green ball]
[the ball that was green]
?[the ball]