Exhibiting and Judging Historic Daffodils - DaffTubedafftube.org/.../2013/10/Exhibiting_And_Judging_Historic_Daffodils.pdf · Sponsored by the American Daffodil Society • Founded
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ADS Historics Committee Program Exhibiting and Judging Historic Daffodils 1 Copyright 2010 by the
• Founded in 1954 to promote a wider interest in daffodils.• Create more exhibits of daffodils through shows and public plantings.• Set standards for daffodil shows and judges.• Promote and encourage scientific research on the genus Narcissus.• Serve gardeners’ needs to learn more about all aspects of growing
daffodils.
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Visit the American Daffodil Society Web Site. http://daffodilusa.org/
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• Make you a better exhibitor and judge by:– Reviewing ADS judging rules for historics,– Providing a vocabulary for describing daffodils,– Pointing out features that identify 60 historic cultivars,– Helping you discriminate between look-alikes,– Discussing common judging errors,– Mentioning some show tactics,– Providing references for further reading,– And getting you pumped-up on historics!
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What are Historic Daffodils?
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• Historic daffodils are named hybrids and not wild narcissus. They must have been introduced or in gardens prior to 1940.
• They may be entered in the “Historic Section” of a show.
• A reference list of historic daffodils may be accessed on the ADS website under “References and Resources” and called the “ADS List of Historic Daffodils”.
• Also see DaffSeek’s “Special Classes” on the “Advanced Menu”.
• Why not 1900 or 1945?• Why not species and intersectional hybrids?
What are “Heirloom” Daffodils?
• The term “Heirloom Daffodils” is a commercial term used to designate daffodils appropriate for use with historic architecture or in “period gardens”. It is not a recognized ADS term.
• Not synonymous with “Historic”.• Include species, natural intersectional hybrids,
many historics, and some post-historic cultivars.• No broadly recognized definition.• Most historics are heirlooms but not all
heirlooms are historics. 5
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Old House Gardens
Additional Rules• Blooms in Historic Section may only compete for ADS
Historic Ribbons. However, blues in the Historic Section count toward the Silver Ribbon.
• Historic daffodils may be also entered in any appropriate section other than the Historic Section. In judging them, use the scale of points for judging the section in which they are entered. They may compete for ribbons in that section.
• Judges must verify that historic entries were introduced or were in gardens prior to 1940 (check in “Show & Grow” or DaffSeek).
• The year the entry was introduced or in gardens should be on the entry card.
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Presenter
Presentation Notes
P103 Handbook
Why Historic Daffodils
• To encourage the preservation of these rare cultivars.
• To capture the general public’s interest.• To show the hybridization history of the
genus Narcissus.• By encouraging the growing of historic
daffodils, the germ plasm is preserved for the use of future researchers and hybridizers.
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Historics in Daffodil Shows
• Species daffodils and natural intersectional hybrids are shown in Division 13 of shows and are not eligible to be shown in the Historic Section. They are not considered Historics.
• The next slide shows a special scale of points to be used in judging the Historic Section.
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Historic Standard For HistoricsCondition 40 20 • Paramount importanceForm 15 25 • Emphasize symmetryColor 15 15 • Not as intense,- not streaked or blotchySize 10 10 • Typical of cultivarPose & Stem 15
Pose 5 • Typical of cultivarStem 5 • Typical of cultivar
Subst. & Text. 15Substance 5 • Emphasize delicacy and ethereal qualityTexture 5 • Emphasize delicacy and ethereal quality
Total 100 100
Scale of Points for Judging Historic Daffodils
9Condition + Form + Color = 70
Key to the SlidesThis slide shows what to expect in the slides that follow. • The title line gives the name, hybridizer, the first year of
flowering, and the class/color code. • The second line lists some of the synonyms if any. • The main body of the slide contains several photos of
the cultivar being described. Most of the photos were taken from the DaffSeek database and were provided by ADS members or Old House Gardens. Also included are key identifying features of the cultivar being described.
• The note area contains the “Comments” field of the corresponding entry in the DaffSeek database.
• The slides are presented in division order and alphabetically within division. 10
Illustrations of Descriptive Terms (P1 of 2) See RHS, The International Daffodil Register and Classified List.
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Presenter
Presentation Notes
International Daffodil Register and Classified List
Illustrations of Descriptive Terms (P2 of 2) See RHS, The International Daffodil Register and Classified List.
Slightly mucronateReflexed at apexIvory whiteInflexed at base
Fl. 127 mm wide14
Slightly creamier than perianth
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Fl. 127 mm wide, ivory white, facing slightly downwards; perianth segments broadly ovate, blunt, only slightly mucronate, spreading, overlapping one-third; the inner segments more narrowly ovate, inflexed at base, reflexed towards apex, with margins wavy and sometimes nicked; corona narrowly funnel-shaped, broadly and smoothly ribbed, with mouth expanded and lightly frilled, rim rolled and shallowly crenate. Resembles a 'White Knight' of more than twice the size and of purer white.
‘Cantatrice’ (Wilson, G.L. 1936) 1W-W
Perianth segments acute.Inner segments more often inflexed, with apex reflexed .
Cup slender & straight-sidedmouth expanded and looselyfrilled
Fl. 108 mm wide 15
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Fl. 108 mm wide; perianth segments broadly ovate, acute, slightly mucronate, spreading or a little inflexed, with margins a litle incurved and sometimes wavy, smooth, regular, overlapping one-third; the inner segments more often inflexed, with apex reflexed, only very slightly mucronate, shouldered at base; corona slender, straight-sided, smooth, mouth expanded and loosely frilled, with rim widely and shallowly crenate.�
‘Emperor’ (Backhouse, Wm. 1869) 1 Y-Y
Narrow trumpet
Folded perianth segments
Rim rolled
Color lemony
Vivid yellow
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Presenter
Presentation Notes
Perianth segments broadly ovate, blunt, slightly mucronate, brilliant greenish yellow, with a darker tone at midrib beneath, somewhat inflexed, plane, overlapping one-third; the inner segments with margins wavy; corona cylindrical at base, flared in upper part, loosely ribbed, vivid yellow, with mouth expanded and lightly frilled, rim flanged, notched and crenate. Resembles a N. bicolor var. lorifolius of almost twice the size.
Fl. 103 mm wide; perianth segments ovate, only very slightly mucronate, spreading, of great substance, overlapping one-third; the inner segments a little inflexed, with margins wavy; corona narrowly funnel-shaped, ribbed, rich yellow, with mouth expanded and 6-lobed, lightly frilled, rim flanged and crenate. Resembles a larger and later-flowered `Horsfieldii' of greater substance and more rapid increase. Resembles a smaller `Emperor' in form.
‘King Alfred’ (John Kendall 1899) 1Y-Y
Perianth segments oblong, twisted
Corona cylindrical, smooth.Deeper tone than perianth.
Mouth expanded and rolled, rim widely flanged and
deeply notched
Fl. 98 mm wide18
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Fl 98 mm wide, vivid yellow perianth segments oblong, twisted, overlapping; inner segments twisted; corona cylindrical, smooth, deeper tone than perianth, mouth expanded, rim widely flanged and deeply notched. F.W.Burbidge wrote in his report on the Narcissus Committee in 1899 that the raiser appeared to have been the late Mr Kendall. Burbidge added that one could only guess at its parentage: 'Maximus' x 'Emperor' say some, and 'Maximus' x 'Golden Spur' say others.Click on the thumbnails to see the photos.
Confusables ‘Emperor’, ‘King Alfred’
Narrower trumpet
Folded perianth segments
Rim Roll Flips Back
Perianth segments twist
Rim less rolled
Rich gold color
Color more lemony
Vivid yellow
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‘Maximus’ (?,<1576) 1Y-Y Syn: 'Grandiflorus‘
20Fl. 90 mm wide
Perianth segments twisted, overlap base,
Mouth widely expanded and ribbed
Tube funnel-shaped, smooth
Corona same color as perianth,only slightly darker in tone
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Fl. 90 mm wide; perianth segments ovate, rich yellow, with streak of green along the midrib beneath, somewhat inflexed, twisted, margins recurved, overlapping at base only; cup is funnel-shaped, smooth, darker in tone than the perianth, with mouth expanded and ribbed, rim widely flanged and deeply notched. Parent note: considered to be a variant of N. hispanicus; 'Hales' Vase of Beaten Gold' and 'Maximus Laetevirens' are thought to be variants of this cultivar.
‘Mount Hood’ (van Deursen, P. 1938) 1W-W
Opens creamy white
Inner segments narrower, more nearly acute, angled at shoulder
Fl.102 mm wide, creamy white; perianth segments broadly ovate, blunt, only very slightly mucronate, inflexed, with margins incurling at apex, overlapping 1/3 to 1/2; inner segments more narrowly ovate, more nearly acute, angled at shoulder, reflexed towards apex, with margins wavy; corona cylindrical, smooth, opening light greenish yellow, mouth ribbed and expanded, with rim flanged and regularly notched and crenate. Mid-season. Zone 3 – 6.
‘Princeps’ (Unk.,<1830) 1W-Y
22Fl. 95 mm wide
Perianth segments acute, sulfur white, inflexed, twisted, smooth, overlapping at base only
Cup narrowly funnel-shaped.Rim notched and dentate.
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Fl. 95 mm wide; perianth segments narrowly ovate, acute, sulfur white, inflexed, twisted, smooth, overlapping at base only; corona narrowly funnel-shaped, loosely ribbed, rich yellow, paler at base, mouth expanded and more strongly ribbed, rim notched and dentate. Is this the same as the species N. gayi? �Synonyms: 'Irish Princeps', 'Princeps Grand Trumpeter', 'Principe Umberto Primo'
Perianth segments acute,twisted, and inflexed. Sulfurwhite. Overlap at base only.
Cup more Funnel-shaped
‘Princeps’
‘Empress’
‘Horsfieldii’
Fl. 104 mm wide
Resembles an earlier- flowering 'Empress' but is slower to multiply and has less substance to the perianth segments which are darker.
‘W.P. Milner’ (Backhouse, W. 1869) 1W-W Syn. `Mr W.P. Milner'
Opening pale sulfur yellow, becoming creamy white, facingdown.
Perianth segments acute, mucronate, a little inflexed, twisted or with margins wavy, separated.
Cup cylindrical, slightly constricted at mid-point, smooth or lightly ribbed, sometimes remaining yellowish, with mouth expanded and frilled, rim notched and dentate.
Fl. 60 mm wide,once miniature
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Presentation Notes
Syn. Pseudonarcissus Moschatus `Mr W.P. Milner', 'Milneri', `Mr Milner' ; AM(r)1914; HC(g) 1977; Fl. 60 mm wide, opening pale sulfur yellow, becoming creamy white, facing down; perianth segments ovate, acute, fairly prominently mucronate, a little inflexed, twisted or with margins wavy, separated; corona cylindrical, slightly constricted at mid-point, smooth or lightly ribbed, sometimes remaining yellowish, with mouth expanded and frilled, rim notched and dentate.
Inner segments with margins wavy Cup broad funnel-shaped, darker than the Perianth segments, with mouth expanded and frilled, rim deeply notched and crenate
Fl. 120 mm wide Vanilla-like fragrance 27
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Presentation Notes
Fl. 120 mm wide; perianth segments broadly or very broadly ovate, blunt, fairly prominently mucronate, sulfur yellow, spreading, slightly twisted, creased, overlapping one-third to a half; the inner segments with margins wavy; corona broad funnel-shaped, darker in tone than the perianth segments, with mouth expanded and frilled, rim deeply and repeatedly notched and crenate.
‘Croesus’ (Williams, J.C. 1912) 2Y-YYO)Primrose perianth, glowing orange crown rim
Perianth segments very broad, rounded, mucronate, of firm texture, regular, over-lapping half.
Cup shallow, deeply ribbed, orange, paling to yellow towards base,
Cup split in places
Cup overlapping, lightly frilled.Fl. 78 mm or more wide
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Presentation Notes
Primrose perianth, glowing orange crown; Fl. 78 mm or more wide; perianth segments very broad, rounded, mucronate, light yellow or paler, of firm texture, regular, overlapping half; the inner segments more nearly ovate, less noticeably mucronate, with margins sometimes incurling; corona shallow, deeply ribbed, orange, paling slightly towards base, mouth widely expanded, split in places and overlapping, lightly frilled.
Somewhat spatulateTwistingYellow bleeds into perianth
segmentsCanary yellow cup, fades
quickly to yellowish white(less fading in north)
83 mm wide30
Slight nod
Minutely crenate rim, opens very yellow
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Fl. star-shaped, 83 mm wide; perianth segments ovate, blunt, not prominently mucronate, spreading or a little inflexed, somewhat twisted or with margins incurling or wavy, overlapping one-third; the inner segments more strongly twisted or with margins more strongly wavy or incurved; corona short funnel-shaped, ribbed, yellowish white, with canary yellow at rim, mouth straight and occasionally split, frilled, with rim minutely crenate;
‘Sir Watkin’ (Pickstone, W. <1868) 2Y-Y 'Giant Daffodil', 'Mountain Daffodil'
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Fl. 112 mm wide
Outer segments blunt or truncate
Overlapping 1/3 or less
Light greenish yellow
Perianth spreading or a little inflexed
Cup relatively long, vivid yellow, tinged orange
Inner segments almost acute
Photo by Ron Scamp
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Fl. 112 mm wide; perianth segments broadly ovate, blunt or truncate, prominently mucronate, light greenish yellow, spreading or a little inflexed, overlapping 1/3 or less; inner segments nearly acute, with margins wavy or recurved; corona funnel-shaped, more or less ribbed, vivid yellow, slightly tinged orange, with mouth straight, often deeply 6-lobed and overlapping, frilled, rim minutely and irregularly crenate.
Division 3 Small Cup• ‘Albatross’ (G. H. Engleheart, <1891) 3W-YYO• ‘Bath’s Flame’ (Engleheart <1913) 3Y-YYO• ‘Conspicuus’ (Wm Backhouse, <1869) 3Y–YYO• ‘Dreamlight’ (Wilson, G.L. <1934) 3W-GWR• ‘Minnie Hume’ (Wm Backhouse, <1869) 3W-W• ‘Queen of the North’ (Barr & Sons <1908) 3W-Y• ‘Seagull’ (Engleheart, G.H. <1893) 3W-Y• ‘White Lady’ (Engleheart, G.H. <1897) 3W-Y
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‘Albatross’ (Engleheart, G., <1891) 3W-O
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Fl. to 127 mm diameter
Bowl-shaped, ribbed, pale lemon yellow, w. orange rim
Clear white
Mucronate
Spreading or slightly inflexed
Midrib shows
Separated at base
Fades in sun
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Perianth segments broadly ovate, rounded or squarish at apex, prominently mucronate, clear white, spreading or slightly inflexed, with margins wavy or incurved, sometimes recurved in lower half, with midrib showing, separated at base, sometimes overlapping at mid-point; inner segments more narrowly ovate, slightly mucronate; cup is bowl-shaped, ribbed, pale lemon yellow, with defined orange band at rim, mouth straight, loosely frilled, rim notched. Resembles sibling 'Seagull' but with a contrasting color at corona rim.
Syn. Flame; AM (m)(g) 1915; Fl.102 mm wide, at right angles to stem or facing slightly downwards; perianth segments broadly ovate, blunt, deep yellow, with prominent white mucro, spreading, overlapping a quarter; inner segments narrowly ovate, a little inflexed, touched white at midrib with margins wavy or incurving, creased at shoulder; corona short broad funnel-shaped, ribbed, deep yellow, with orange rim, frilled, rim closely and minutely dentate. Resembles Barrii `Conspicuus' but with broader more deeply colored perianth segments; also resembles `Brilliancy'.
Perianth segments ovate, blunt, opening deep yellow, becoming sulfur yellow, with slight white mucro, spreading, overlapping a quarter; corona long cup-shaped, strongly ribbed, yellow, stained orange, with bright scarlet-orange at rim, mouth straight and more or less tightly frilled. From Peter Barr's Ye Narcissus or Daffodyl Flowre and hys Roots (1884) which says that the 'Barrii' type/classification included crosses of “Poeticus x Psuedo Narcissus, or perhaps Incomparabilis x Poeticus.”
‘Dreamlight’ (Wilson, G.L. 1934) 3W-GWR
Cup white, tinged soft greenish grey, with greenish white at base and a narrow band of orange-red at rim.
Perianth segments very broad, rounded, pure white
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Presentation Notes
Perianth segments very broad, rounded, pure white; corona white, tinged soft greenish grey, with greenish white at base and a narrow band of orange-red at rim.
‘Minnie Hume’ (Backhouse, W. <1869) 3W-Y>W Syn: Leedsii ‘Minnie Hume’
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Cup opening canary, becoming white
Mucronate
Midrib showing,
Funnel-shaped
Overlapping at base
Spreading
Ribbed and frilledcup
Photo by Ron Scamp
Distinct yellow rim ring
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Fl. white; perianth segments ovate, blunt, prominently mucronate, spreading, with midrib showing, overlapping at base only; the inner segments only very slightly mucronate, with margins wavy; corona short funnel-shaped, ribbed, opening lemon yellow, becoming white, with mouth straight and frilled. Resembles 'Queen of England'. 'Minnie Hume' absorbed 'Queen of England'.
‘Queen of the North’ (Barr & Sons 1908) 3W-YCorona cup-shaped, somewhat straight- sided, ribbed, becoming pale primrose yellow, with mouth straight, rim lightly dentate.
Perianth segments narrowly elliptic, mucronate, milk white, slightly stained yellow at base, a little reflexed, with margins wavy or recurved, slightly ribbed, of thin substance, separated.
About 80 mm wide 38
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Presentation Notes
*(Kirton)AM (g) 1935; AM Haarlem 1921; Fertility Note: *cc: 14 or 21; Fl. star-shaped, about 80 mm wide, facing slightly downwards; perianth segments narrowly elliptic, mucronate, milk white, slightly stained yellow at base, a little reflexed, with margins wavy or recurved, slightly ribbed, of thin substance, separated; corona cup-shaped, more or less straight-sided, ribbed, becoming pale primrose yellow, with mouth straight, rim lightly dentate.
Perianth segments blunt or rounded at apex, fairly prominent mucronate, pure white, spreading or a little inflexed.
Cup bowl-shaped, ribbed, canary yellow, with pale orange at rim soon fading to yellow, loosely frilled.
Fl. up to 127 mm wide 39
Margins incurling at base
Segments separated at base, sometimes overlapping at mid-point.
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Presentation Notes
Syn Sea-gull; Bowles: suggestion of orange disappears quickly, leaving bright yellow cup; Cart.& Goodwin 1914: canary cup edged apricot; Fl. up to 127 mm wide; perianth segments broadly ovate in outline, blunt or rounded at apex, fairly prominently mucronate, pure white, spreading or a little inflexed, with margins incurling and sometimes wavy, separated at base, sometimes overlapping at mid-point; corona bowl-shaped, ribbed, canary yellow, with pale orange at rim soon fading to yellow, loosely frilled. Resembles sibling 'Albatross' but with no contrasting color at corona rim at maturity.
‘White Lady’ (Engleheart, G.H. 1897) 3W-Y
Corona cup-shaped, ribbed, pale creamy yellow, mouth straight, with 6 overlapping lobes, frilled, rim minutely notched and crenate.
Perianth segments prominent mucronate, spreading, somewhat lax, with margins wavy, lightly creased, overlapping 1/4 to 1/3.
Inner segments more nearly acute, less obviously mucronate, with margins more strongly wavy and recurved at base
Fl. 86 mm wide 40Scented.
“For distant effect, plant ‘White Lady’ freely, but do not look into her face”
E A Bowles, 1934
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Fl. forming a double triangle, 86 mm wide; perianth segments ovate, blunt, prominently mucronate, spreading, somewhat lax, with margins wavy, lightly creased, overlapping a quarter to one-third; the inner segments more nearly acute, less obviously mucronate, with margins more strongly wavy and recurved at base; Corona cup-shaped, ribbed, pale creamy yellow, mouth straight, with 6 overlapping lobes, frilled, rim minutely notched and crenate. Scented.
Confusables ‘Queen of the North’, ‘Minnie Hume’, ‘White Lady’
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‘Queen of the North’
‘Minnie Hume’
‘White Lady’
Opens yellow, Fades to white
No fade
Becomes pale primrose yellow
Pointy perianth segments
More flaring
Paddle-shaped,reflexed in from shoulder
‘White Lady’ cup is larger than ‘Queen of the North’
‘Minnie Hume’ cup is the largest of the three
More Confusables ‘Albatross’, ‘Conspicuus’, ‘Seagull’, ‘Lucifer’
A number of different double variants of N. poeticus have been recorded, but the identity of the original poeticus 'Plenus' remains unclear. Two variants currently in cultivation are treated as 'Tamar Double White' and 'Spalding Double White'; any other older names not known to be directly related to either of these are referred to as poeticus 'Plenus'.
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‘Butter and Eggs’ (Unk. <1777) 4Y-O Syn. ‘Incomparabilis’, ‘Aurantius Plenus’
Corona segments interspersed, short, broad orange, sometimes more nearly yellow.
Inflexed
Spreading
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Presentation Notes
Syn.?'Golden Rose',?'Golden Phoenix', Incomparabilis `Aurantius Plenus', Incomparabilis `Fl. Pl. Aur.&Lut.', `Incomparable', `Luteo-aurantius', `Queltia Plene', `Yellow Phoenix', 'Poached Egg'; Perianth and other petaloid segments in several whorls, broadly ovate, blunt, yellow; outer whorl spreading, with margins wavy, separated; inner whorls a little shorter and narrower, inflexed, or at center strongly inflexed, with margins incurled; corona segments interspersed, short, broad orange, sometimes more nearly yellow.
‘Cheerfulness’ (J.B. van der Schoot <1923) 4W-Y
Fls 3-4 per stem , 57wide
Cup segments short
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Yellow Inflexed
Spreading or reflexed
Overlapping 1/2
Round, mucronate
White
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Presentation Notes
Elvira sport; AM (e) 1926, *HC (g) 1927, *AM (g) 1936, *FCC (g) 1939, AM Haarlem 1923, AGM 1995; Fls 3-4 per stem, 57 mm wide; perianth and other petaloid segments white; the center whorl half as long, clustered, strongly inflexed. Scented Fls 3-4 per stem, 57 mm wide; perianth and other petaloid segments white; the outer whorl very broad in outline, rounded or squarish at apex and sometimes truncate, prominently mucronate, spreading, inner some segments concave, some with margins wavy or incurling, overlapping half or more; the inner segments of the outer whorl not noticeably mucronate; the center whorl half as long, clustered, strongly inflexed, deeply concave; corona segments very short, interspersed among the petaloid segments at center, yellow.�
Outer whorl spreading; inner whorls inflexed; Center whorl narrower, strongly inflexed, with margins deeply incurled.
Petaloid segments in several whorls. Whorls broad, rounded at apex,
Slightly mucronate.
Scented. 47Midrib showing.
Slightly concave
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Presentation Notes
Syn. `Spalding Queenie'; AM (m)(e) 1917, FCC (c) 1924, AM Haarlem 1928, FCC Haarlem 1929; Fl. rounded; perianth and other petaloid segments in several whorls, broad in outline, rounded at apex, very slightly mucronate, slightly concave, with midrib showing; the outer whorl spreading; the inner whorls a little inflexed; the center whorl narrower, strongly inflexed, with margins deeply incurled. Scented. Parent Note: Listed as Ornatus Sport.
*Often 4 W-W in U.S. Fls 6-12 or more per stem Strongly Scented.
Perianth and other petaloid segments in four whorls, yellowish white, a little concave, with midrib showing, overlapping; the outer whorl prominently mucronate, a little inflexed
Inner whorls only slightly mucronate, successively more strongly inflexed and more deeply overlapping. Cup segments short, opposite and regularly arranged between the petaloid segments, very broad, brilliant greenish yellow, with rim wavy and entire.
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Presentation Notes
Syn, 'Cheerfulness#', `Gaiety', 'Earlicheer', 'Earlichere'; Often 4 W-W in U.S., Fls 6-12 or more per stem; perianth and other petaloid segments in four whorls, broadly ovate, yellowish white, a little concave, with midrib showing, overlapping; the outer whorl prominently mucronate, a little inflexed; the inner whorls only slightly mucronate, successively more strongly inflexed and more deeply overlapping; corona segments short, opposite and regularly arranged between the petaloid segments, very broad, brilliant greenish yellow, with rim wavy and entire. Strongly Scented. Origin of Name: According to John Hunter of NDSNZ, Alan Gibson of Marton N.Z. obtained the bulb stock and was going to register it as Cheerfulness, this name was taken so was not accepted for the Register. Then Alan put forward the name of Gaiety, this name had also been used and again was rejected. World War II intervened and nothing was done until after it ended. When Ron Hyde returned from active service in Italy, he became Alan Gibson's foreman at the daffodil nursery and Ron registered the flower as Erlicheer in 1951.
‘Mary Copeland’ (Copeland, Wm F.M. <1913) 4W-O
50Scented Fl. 95-100 mm wide
Blunt or somewhat truncate, glistening white, with creamy sulfur yellow at base, overlapping
Outer and inner whorl, spreading or a little inflexed, mucronate.
Three white segments at center shorter, strongly inflexed, with margins deeply incurled.
Corona segments very short, some interspersed among the petaloids, some clustered at center and almost continuous, orange, with a broad suffusion of scarlet-orange at rim, frilled.
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Fl. 95-100 mm wide; perianth and other petaloid segments broadly ovate, blunt or somewhat truncate, glistening white, with creamy sulfur yellow at base, overlapping; the outer whorl spreading or a little inflexed, mucronate; the inner whorl of about the same length, less noticeably mucronate, a little inflexed, with margins incurling; three white segments at centre shorter, strongly inflexed, with margins deeply incurled; corona segments very short, some interspersed among the petaloid segments, some clustered at center and almost continuous, orange, with a broad suffusion of scarlet-orange at rim, frilled. Scented.
Perianth segments in many whorls, white or cr. white; the outer whorls blunt, spreading, little overlap
Corona segments1/4 length of petaloid segments,orange or pale orange, tightly frilled
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Inner segments inflexed with margins incurved
Inner whorls narrower but not much shorter,
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Syn: Niveo-aurantius, Aurantius Flore Pleno, Eggs and Bacon,Incomparabilis Plena, Incomparabilis `Albus Plenus Aurantius', Fried Eggs; Perianth and other petaloid segments in many whorls, white or creamy white; the outer whorls broadly ovate, blunt, spreading, not much overlapping; the inner whorls successively a little narrower but not much shorter, inflexed or strongly inflexed, with margins incurved or strongly incurved; corona segments one-quarter the length of the petaloid segments and interspersed among them, orange or pale orange, tightly frilled
‘Pencrebar’ (Hawker, H.G. <1929) 4Y–Y
Fls often 2 per stem
Perianth and other petaloid segments in 3-4 whorls, vivid yellow, the outer segments in each whorl with prominent white mucro.
Perianth & petal segments less broadly ovate, blunter, and more strongly inflexed on successive whorls.
Corona segments shorter than the petaloid segments and interspersed among them, slightly darker in tone with margins tightly rolled inwards.
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Small sized bloom
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Fls often 2 per stem; perianth and other petaloid segments in 3-4 whorls, vivid yellow, the outer segments in each whorl with prominent white mucro; the outer whorl broadly ovate, truncate, spreading; the inner segments of this whorl a little more narrowly ovate, blunt; the inner whorls inflexed, becoming successively more strongly inflexed towards center, where they are concave; corona segments shorter than the petaloid segments and interspersed among them, slightly darker in tone with margins tightly rolled inwards.
‘Telamonius Plenus’ (Unk. <1620) 4Y-Y ‘Van Sion’
Fl. 100 mm wide53
Doubling varies from partial to completely double Inflexed, twisted or recurved
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Pseudo Narcissus 'Telamonius Plenus', Wilmer's Great Double Daffodil, Van Sion, Vincent Sion; Wilmot's Double Daffodil; Centifolio(?); doubling varies from partial to completely double; Fl. 100 mm wide; perianth and other petaloid segments ovate, light greenish yellow, white mucro, flushed with slightly darker tone, becoming darker at base, often with green beneath, inflexed, twisted or recurved, separated; cup is funnel-shaped, smooth, vivid yellow, slightly paler at base, sometimes with green at apex, the six segments opposite the perianth segments and bi-lobed, spreading, with rim rolled; the cup filled with petaloid and corona segments in alternate whorls; the petaloid segments longer than the darker corona segments.
Confusables ‘Telamonius Plenus’/’Van Sion’, and ‘Double Campernelle’
‘Telamonius Plenus’/
‘Van Sion’‘Double Campernalle’
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‘Yellow Cheerfulness’(Eggink Bros. 1937) 4Y-Y
Fls several per stem , 19 mm wide
Cup segments half as long as the perianth segments.
Round, mucronate
Light greenish yellow
Overlapping half
Spreading or reflexed
Inflexed
Vivid yellow
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Presenter
Presentation Notes
AM (e) 1946, *AM (p) 1976, AGM 1995, AM Haarlem 1937, FCC Haarlem 1942; Fls several per stem, 19 mm wide; perianth segments very broadly ovate or roundish, slightly or sometimes fairly prominently mucronate, light greenish yellow, spreading or reflexed, plane, overlapping half; the inner segments more usually spreading, with margins wavy; corona segments half as long as the perianth segments, clustered at center, vivid yellow, with orange-yellow at rim, inflexed or strongly inflexed. Origin of Name: Received AM 1946 when known as `Ruth Fox'
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B&E has strong yellow petals and yellow petaloids
‘Sulphur Phoenix’ has pale yellow petals with darker petaloids
‘Orange Phoenix’ has white petals, may be lightly tinted yellow at base, with darker petaloids
‘Butter and Eggs’
‘Sulphur Phoenix’
‘Orange Phoenix’
More Confusables ‘Butter and Eggs’, ‘Sulphur Phoenix’, ‘Orange Phoenix’
Division 5 Triandrus
• ‘Hawera’ (Thomson, W.M. 1928) 5Y-Y• ‘Niveth’ (Backhouse, H. 1931) 5W-W• ‘Thalia’ (M. van Waveren & Sons, 1916)
5W-W
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‘Hawera’(Thomson, W.M. 1928) 5Y–Y
Fls 6-8 per stemScented
Blunt, prominent mucronate, reflexed, overlapping at base only;
Cup-shaped, very shallowly ribbed, paler than perianth, mouth even, with rim obscurely crenate.
Miniature
Inner segments less mucronate, less reflexed,with margins wavy or incurved.
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Presenter
Presentation Notes
Fls 6-8 per stem, pale canary yellow; perianth segments ovate or oblong, blunt, prominently mucronate, reflexed, plane, overlapping at base only; inner segments less noticeably mucronate, less strongly reflexed, with margins wavy or incurved; corona cup-shaped, very broadly and shallowly ribbed, paler in color than perianth, mouth even, with rim broadly and obscurely crenate. Scented. Occasional secondary stems. Resembles an `April Tears' of slower increase.
‘Niveth’ (Backhouse, H. 1931) 5W-WPerianth segments broadly ovate, lightly reflexed, overlapping; corona short funnel- shaped.
Milk white, facing down
Fls 2 per stem, 76 mm wide 59
Presenter
Presentation Notes
*HC (g) 1936; Fls 2 per stem, 76 mm wide, milk white, facing down; perianth segments broadly ovate, lightly reflexed, overlapping; corona short funnel-shaped.
‘Thalia’ (M. van Waveren & Sons 1916) 5W-W
Fls 3-4 per stem
Blunt, fairly prominently mucronate.
Pure white
Separated; the inner segments thinner, twisted or with margins wavy.
Corona long cup-shaped, ribbed, mouth straight, wavy, rim crenate.
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Presenter
Presentation Notes
AM Haarlem 1919, FA Haarlem 1921; Fls 3-4 per stem, pure white, facing slightly downwards; perianth segments ovate or oblong, blunt, fairly prominently mucronate, spreading or a little inflexed, separated; the inner segments more usually ovate, twisted or with margins wavy; corona long cup-shaped, ribbed, mouth straight, wavy, rim crenate. Formerly listed as Division 8.
Division 6 Cyclamineus
• ‘Beryl’ (P. Williams <1907) 6W-YYO• ‘February Gold’ (de Graaff Bros., 1923)
6Y-Y• ‘Little Witch’ (Backhouse, Mrs R.O. <1921)
6Y-Y
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‘Beryl’ (P. Williams <1907) 6W-YYO
Immature, too much green
At peak
Past peak, slightly sunburnedand crepey
Fl. 75 mm wide62
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Fl. 75 mm wide, facing slightly downwards; perianth segments broadly or very broadly ovate, truncate, fairly prominently mucronate, opening brilliant greenish yellow, with white at apex, becoming yellowish white, with tinges of yellow at base, reflexed, with midrib showing, overlapping one-third to a half; the inner segments more narrowly ovate, more nearly acute, with margins wavy or incurved; corona cup-shaped, ribbed, orange-yellow, with a broad band of orange at mouth, mouth straight, even, rim shallowly crenate. Resembles a smaller-flowered `Roger'
‘February Gold’ (de Graaff Bros., 1923) 6Y-Y
63Fl. 75 mm wide Very early, large for a Division 6
Cup cylindrical, ribbed, deeper yellow than perianth, and somewhat expanded at rim.
Rim 6-lobed, deeply and regularly notched and dentate.
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Fl. 75 mm wide; perianth segments ovate, brilliant greenish yellow, with slight white mucro, reflexed, with margins wavy and incurved, overlapping at base only; the inner segments twisted; corona cylindrical, ribbed, vivid yellow, paling slightly to base, mouth 6-lobed and a little expanded, rim deeply and regularly notched and dentate. �
‘Little Witch’ (Mrs R.O.Backhouse <1921) 6Y-Y
Perianth segments ovate, blunt or squarish at apex
Margins slightly incurved
Inner segments more narrowly ovate, more nearly acute, sometimes twisted, with margins incurled 64
Darker than perianth
Puckered and crenate
Cylindrical, ribbed, straight
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Fl. yellow; perianth segments ovate, blunt or squarish at apex, with slight white mucro, reflexed, plane or with margins slightly incurved, separated; the inner segments more narrowly ovate, more nearly acute, sometimes twisted, with margins incurled; corona cylindrical, strongly ribbed, darker in tone than the perianth, with mouth straight and rim crenate.
Fls 2-4 per stem, vivid yellow; perianth segments ovate or oblong, with fairly prominent white mucro, spreading or slightly inflexed, with broad midrib showing, overlapping a 1/4 to 1/3; inner segments twisted; corona funnel-shaped, smooth or lightly ribbed, mouth straight, 6-lobed, wavy, with rim crenate. Scented.
‘Sweetness’ (Favell, R.V. <1939) 7Y-YUsually darker than perianth.
Acute, vivid yellow, white mucro
Fls occasionally 2 per stem , 65 mm wide67
Mouth straight and wavy, rim lightly crenate.
Presenter
Presentation Notes
*AM (g) 1973; *FCC (g) 1983; Wister Award,1993; AGM 1993; Fls occasionally 2 per stem, 65 mm wide; perianth segments broadly ovate, acute, vivid yellow, white mucro, spreading, plane, smooth and of heavy substance, overlapping 1/3; inner segments with margins incurved; corona cup-shaped, thick substance, darker tone than the perianth, with mouth straight and wavy, rim lightly crenate. Scented.
‘Trevithian’ (Williams, P.D. <1927) 7Y-Y
Very fragrant Fls 2-3 per stem, 71 mm wide
Primrose yellow, with prominent white mucro.
Inner segments narrower, less mucronate Funnel-shaped, lightly ribbed.
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Darker than perianth
Shouldered at base
Overlapping 1/2
Spreading somewhat concave
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Fls 2-3 per stem, 71 mm wide; perianth segments very broad, rounded at apex, clear primrose yellow, with prominent white mucro, spreading, somewhat concave, smooth, overlapping half; the inner segments a little narrower, less obviously mucronate, with margins incurled or wavy, shouldered at base; corona short and broad funnel-shaped, lightly ribbed, darker in tone than the perianth, mouth straight, occasionally split and overlapping, wavy, with rim minutely crenate.
Cup bowl- shaped, brilliant greenish yellow, smooth, mouth straight or slightly constricted, some shallow lobing, rim entire.
Mucronate
Reflexed
Overlapping half
No Fade
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Flowering date pre1906; Grand Monarque select form; Fls about 10 per stem, 33 mm wide; perianth segments broadly ovate, blunt, mucronate, reflexed, concave, ribbed, overlapping half; the inner segments truncate; corona bowl-shaped, brilliant greenish yellow, smooth, mouth straight or slightly constricted, with some shallow lobing, rim entire. Strongly scented.
Corona cup-shaped, v. broadly and shallowly ribbed, brilliant to light greenish yellow, mouth straight, wavy, with rim entire.
Resembles a smaller- flowered `Avalanche' with more flowers per stem or `Grand Monarque' but with the perianth segments reflexed. Later than Avalanche.
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Strongly reflexed
Mucronate
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Syn Compressa; Similar to Avalanche, but later, triploid; Fls up to 13 per stem, 36 mm wide; perianth segments very broad, blunt, prominently mucronate, yellowish white, strongly reflexed, overlapping half; the inner segments not noticeably mucronate, a little twisted; corona cup-shaped, very broadly and shallowly ribbed, brilliant to light greenish yellow, mouth straight, wavy, with rim entire. Resembles a smaller-flowered `Avalanche' with more flowers per stem or `Grand Monarque' but with the perianth segments reflexed. Dutch origin.
‘Cragford’ (Williams, P.D. <1930) 8W–O
Scented Fls 4-6 per stem , 53 mm wide
Perianth segments blunt or sometimes truncate, fairly prominent mucronate, white, flushed vivid yellow at base, spreading, sl. concave, overlapping 1/3.
Inner segments narrower, angled at shoulder, a little inflexed, with margins wavy or incurled.
Cup v. shallow bowl-shaped, ribbed, vivid orange, with mouth wavy, rim indented.
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Presenter
Presentation Notes
Scented Fls 4-6 per stem, 53 mm wide; perianth segments very broadly ovate, blunt or sometimes truncate, fairly prominently mucronate, white, flushed vivid yellow at base, spreading, a little concave, overlapping one-third; the inner segments more narrowly ovate, angled at shoulder, a little inflexed, with margins wavy or incurled; corona very shallow bowl-shaped, ribbed, vivid orange, with mouth wavy, rim indented. Poetaz�
‘Geranium’(van der Schoot, J.B. <1930) 8 W–O Syn. ‘Advance’
Perianth segments broad, truncate or squarish at apex, spreading or a little reflexed, plane or slightly concave;
Cup is shallow bowl-shaped, ribbed, yellowish orange, overlaid with strong orange unevenly frilled, with rim crenate.
Strongly scentedFls up to 6 + per stem, 57 mm wide
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Overlapping 1/2
Inner segments narrower, usually spreading, sometimes recurved either side of the midrib, margins wavy and incurling.
Mucronate,
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Syn. Advance#; *FCC(g) 1952,*AM(p) 1975,*FCC(p) 1977, AGM 1995, AM Haarlem 1931; Fls up to 6 per stem, 57 mm wide; perianth segments very broad in outline, truncate or squarish at apex, prominently mucronate, spreading or a little reflexed, plane or slightly concave, overlapping 1/2 or more; inner segments narrower, usually spreading, sometimes recurved either side of the midrib, margins wavy and incurling; cup is shallow bowl-shaped, ribbed, yellowish orange, overlaid with strong orange unevenly frilled, with rim crenate. Scented.
Brilliant greenish yellow, with mouth straight or a little incurved, rim entire.
Perianth segments blunt, spreading, somewhat concave, with margins wavy or incurled, overlapping one-third to a half.
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MucronateInner segments a little inflexed.
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Syn 'Czar Monarque', 'Floribunda', 'French Monarque', 'Grand Monarch', 'Grand Monarque de France', 'The Nosegay', Tazetta 'Grand Monarque', 'Monarch' 'Floribundus', 'Le Grand Monarque', 'Nosegay'; Variant of N. tazetta subsp. lacticolor; Fls many per stem; perianth segments broadly ovate, blunt, prominently mucronate, spreading, somewhat concave, with margins wavy or incurled, overlapping one-third to a half; the inner segments a little inflexed; corona shallow cup-shaped, broadly and shallowly ribbed, brilliant greenish yellow, with mouth straight or a little incurved, rim entire. Chromosome 2n=31+1B.
‘Grand Primo Citroniere’(Unk <1780) 8 W-Y Syn: ‘Grand Primo’, ‘Citrina’
Corona shallow cup-shaped, light greenish yellow mouth straight and even, with rim entire.
Jasmine scented , less sharp than other historic bicolor tazettas Fls 13 75
Mucronate
Fades
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Syns: Citrina, Citrinus, Grand Primo, Primo, Primo Citronire, La Citronire, Primo Citronier; Fls many per stem, large; perianth segments broadly ovate, blunt, prominently mucronate, spreading, overlapping half; corona shallow cup-shaped, light greenish yellow mouth straight and even, with rim entire. Jasmine scented. Dutch origin.
‘Laurens Koster’ (Albert Vis <1906) 8 W-Y
Rounded or truncate at apex, prominently mucronate, creamy white
Shallow, wavy, ribbed, bright orange-yellow
76Fls 4-6 per stem Scented
Overlapping 1/3
Cup frilly
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Fls 4-6 per stem; perianth segments very broad, rounded or truncate at apex, prominently mucronate, creamy white, spreading, with margins sometimes incurling, overlapping 1/3; inner segments not noticeably mucronate, spathulate, with margins wavy and sometimes recurved; corona shallow bowl-shaped, ribbed, bright orange-yellow, with mouth wavy.
‘Odoratus’ (Unk, <1936) 8W-Y Syn: ‘Odorata’
77Fls up to 6 or moreMiniature
Perianth segments milk white and reflexed
Apricot-scented .
Cup smooth, brilliant yellow, with mouth wavy, rim notched
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Resembles 'Canaliculatus' in form, color, but is taller, more reliable bloomer; Found by Alec Gray on the Isles of Scilly and named by him. Fls up to 6 or more per stem, small; perianth segments narrowly oval, milk-white, reflexed, separated; corona cup-shaped, smooth, brilliant yellow, with mouth wavy, rim shallowly notched in places. Apricot-scented.
‘Scilly White’ (Unk., <1865) 8W-W
78Fls 10 per stem, 35-40 mm wide
Mucronate
Scented
Opening pale greenish yellow, matures quickly to creamy white
Rim entire, occasionally notched
Perianth segments spreading, apex incurved
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Fls 10 per stem, 35-40 mm wide; perianth segments broadly ovate, prominently mucronate, spreading, with apex incurved, somewhat concave, overlapping half; corona cup-shaped, obscurely ribbed, opening pale greenish yellow, becoming creamy white, mouth straight, even or a little wavy, rim entire, occasionally notched. Scented. Resembles 'Grand Primo Citroniere' but with a paler corona.
Fl. 87 mm wide; perianth segments broadly obovate, blunt or truncate, prominently mucronate, spreading, somewhat concave, glistening, overlapping half; the inner segments narrower, only very slightly mucronate, with margins sometimes reflexed at base and incurling towards apex; corona very shallow, closely ribbed, yellow, with greenish yellow at base and a band of orange-red at rim, mouth wavy, rim minutely crinkled. Scented.
‘Cantabile’ (Guy L. Wilson <1932) 9W-GYR
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Deep green with deep red rim
Very broadly ovate, blunt or squarish
Narrow yellow band
Inner segments nearly spreading, somewhat twisted
Occasionally truncate, prominent mucronate, frosty white, reflexed, concave, margins recurved at base and incurved towards apex
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Large eye is deep green rimmed with deep red; perianth segments very broadly ovate, blunt or squarish at apex, sometimes truncate, prominently mucronate, frosty white, reflexed, concave, margins recurved at base and incurved towards apex, overlapping half; inner segments nearly spreading, somewhat twisted; corona disc-shaped, tightly ribbed, with yellow in a narrow band between a broad band of light bright green at base and a narrower band of orange-red at rim, mouth split in places and overlapping, rim minutely crenate.�
‘Felindre’ (Wilson, A.M. <1930) 9W-GYR
Yellow, shading to green at base,
Pinched inner segment.
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Cup disc-shaped.
Rim densely notched.
Heavy crimson rim.
Mucronate
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Corona disc-shaped, closely ribbed, yellow, shading to green at base, with near crimson at rim, rim densely and irregularly notched.
‘Milan’ (Wilson, A.M. <1932) 9W-GYR
Almost disc-shaped, closely ribbed
Fl. 83 mm wide83
Incurling at apex
Blunt or rounded at apex
Very broad
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Fl. 83 mm wide; perianth segments very broad in outline, blunt or rounded at apex, prominently mucronate, spreading, concave, with margins incurling at apex; inner segments truncate, only very slightly mucronate, slightly inflexed, somewhat uneven of surface and creased at margin, sometimes folded along midrib; corona almost disc-shaped, closely ribbed, brilliant yellow, with green at base and red at rim, mouth split in places and overlapping, wavy, with rim closely and minutely notched.
Cup disc-shaped, ribbed, greenish yellow, with green shades at base and a narrow red band at rim.
Margins wavy, separated at base, overlapping at shoulder
Spathulate.
Fl. 64 mm wide
Cup hexagonal
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Blunt
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Syn. Poeticus 'Ornatus'; Selection from N. radiiflorus var. exertus, introduced c.1870 by James Walker; Fl. 64 mm wide; perianth segments broadly obviate, blunt, fairly prominently mucronate, pure white, spreading, with margins wavy, separated at base, overlapping at shoulder; inner segments with margins strongly recurved at base as if spathulate; cup disc-shaped, ribbed, brilliant greenish yellow, with green shades at base and a narrow red band at rim. Origin of Name: Mistakenly named 'The Flat Crowned Saffron Rim'.
Division 10 Bulbocodium Division 11 Split Corona
There are no split corona or bulbocodium historics in the ADS Historics List
Fls 2-3 per stem; perianth segments ovate, blunt, deep yellow, spreading or reflexed, with margins incurling, overlapping at base only; corona cylindrical or somewhat funnel-shaped, ribbed, bright orange, mouth straight, wavy, rim entire. N. Tazetta x N. Cyclamineus
‘White Owl’ (Barr & Sons, <1908) 12W-W
88Fls 1-3 per stem
Mucronate
Somewhat inflexed, esp. inner segmentsOverlap 1/3 to 1/4
Funnel-shaped
Smooth at base, loosely ribbed above
Creamy white, mouth straight
Entire, somewhat triangular,
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Fls 1-3 per stem; perianth segments broadly ovate, blunt, mucronate, spreading or a little inflexed, overlapping one-third to a half; the inner segments more usually inflexed, with margins wavy; corona funnel-shaped, smooth at base, loosely ribbed above, creamy white, mouth straight, wavy, somewhat triangular, with rim entire. Scilly White x Minnie Hume –N. tazetta x (N. radiiflorus x N. albescens ) This is an example of a Tridymus hybrid, a N.tazetta x (Ajax or Leedsii variety) hybrid
There are No Division 13 HistoricsDivision 13 daffodils may not be shown as Historic Daffodils even though they may have been grown as garden plants long prior to 1940. Examples of such are:
N. x odorus “Campernelle” (1601) 13 Y-Y; N. jonquilla “Early Louisiana” (?) 13 Y-Y, Syn: “Sweeties”,
“Simplex”;N. obvallaris ( ?) 13 Y-Y, “The Tenby Daffodil”,
Books• Daffodils (1910) - Rev. Joseph Jacob• Daffodils Narcissus and How to Grow Them (1909) - A M
Kirby• Daffodils in Florida - A Field Guide to the Coastal South
(2004) - Linda and Sara Van Beck• The Book of the Daffodil (1903) – S E Bourne• The Narcissus (1934) - E A Bowles• Ye Narcissus or Daffodil Flower: Containing His History
and Culture (1884) – Barr (including the Burbidge lecture to the RHS)
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• What issues have you encountered judging historics? Other divisions?
• How do you judge historics you don’t know?• How do you encourage people to enter historics in your
show?• What do we mean by symmetry in historics?• Should the best historic in show usually be Beryl?• Should ADS create another historic class in shows for
cultivars registered or in gardens from1940 through 1964?
Suggested Topics for the Discussion Period
We invite you to join the American Daffodil Society
• Quarterly issues of beautifully illustrated publication, The Daffodil Journal• Regional newsletters with information and advice unique to your growing area• Invitation to attend the Society’s annual national convention• Opportunity to become an accredited judge of daffodils• Most importantly, enjoy being with other daffodil enthusiasts!
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Membership benefits:
Visit the American Daffodil Society Web Site. http://daffodilusa.org/
American Daffodil Society Webstore http://stores.daffodilusastore.org/StoreFront.bok
