Chapter 3

Section 3

World History

Mrs. Deborah Thompson

Exile and ReturnThe Jews continued their religion during exile in Babylon.

BabylonianExile

The Jews were forced to live in a foreign land.

Jews met on

Sabbath.

Jews prayedand discussedtheir religion

Synagogues formed to

give the people hope.

Jews rebuilt Jerusalemand the temple.

Leaders became Temple priests

& scribes

Cyrus appointed officialsTo rule the country and Collect taxes from the

People.The P

ersia

ns defe

ated th

e Chald

eans and

under C

yrus

let t

he Jews

go back

to Ju

dah in 5

38 B.C

.

Cyrus the GreatCyrus the Great

580 – 529 B. C. 580 – 529 B. C.

A tolerant ruler he let cultures within his empire to keep their own institutions.

The Jews called him “the anointed of the Lord.”

(In 537, he allowed over 40,000 to return to Palestine).

A tolerant ruler he let cultures within his empire to keep their own institutions.

The Jews called him “the anointed of the Lord.”

(In 537, he allowed over 40,000 to return to Palestine).

The Persian EmpireThe Persian Empire

The TorahUnder scribe Ezra, the

five books to the Torah were written on parchment pieces sewn together to make long scrolls.

Hebrew Bible has the 5 books of the Torah and 34 other books of Jewish history.

Stories like Noah and the arc, tower of Babel to explain many languages

Jerusalem: Studying the Torah

Jerusalem: Studying the Torah

The TorahJews look to the future

Parts contain prophecies for peaceful future.

Ex. Daniel

Daniel lived in Babylon and advised king. When he would not worship Babylonian gods, he was thrown into Lion’s Den

Jew’s always reminded of God’s protection and plan.

Isaiah ScrollIsaiah Scroll

Jews spread their beliefs to the Greek world and regained control of Judah.

334 B.C.:Alex the Great

Began conquest ofKnown world.

331 B.C.:Alexander defeated

Persians and gained

Control of Judah.Alex let them stay

there but

forced Greek culture

and beliefs

on them.

Meaning

Greek for “scattered”

Who Jews outside of Judah

WhereMany parts of the world

What

Jews learned Greek but stayed loyal to Judaism (copied Hebrew Bible to Greek)

The Jewish Diaspora

The Jewish Diaspora

Antiochus made Jews

worship Greek gods

Drove Greeks out of Judah

Cleansed temple by

destroying Greek

gods

Judas Maccabeus

rebelled

He and followers fled to form army

known as Maccabees

Each year, Jews recall the cleansing of temple when they celebrate Hanukkah.

Priests from Maccabeus’s family ruled Judah and took over land that had been part of the Kingdom of Israel.

“FESTIVAL OF LIGHTS”

CELEBRATE IN DECEMBER

Jewish Way of Life Religion shaped the Jewish way of life.

Jewish laws became important when they no longer had their own land and king.

Family Life

Jewish Diet

http://www.jmberlin.de/ksl/infoblatt/koscher/koscher_EN.php

Jewish Clothing

Sons carried nameFathers taught sons how to work and worship

Elders taught TorahMothers taught girls to be good wives and mothers

Girls learned diet laws and about courageous women

Only certain animalsOnly beef and lamb – NO PORK!!

KASHRUT – laws about foodJews only eat kosher.*****

No dairy with meat

Law forbade mixing fabricsMen wore tunics of linen and cloaks

Caps (yarmulkes) and sandalsWomen wore simple dresses and covered head

http://www.kashrut.com/articles/soul_food/

Jews and the Romans Under Roman rule, Under Roman rule,

Jews were divided and Jews were divided and rebellious. Romans rebellious. Romans

destroyed the temple destroyed the temple and exiled the Jews.and exiled the Jews.

Romans:

Conquered Judah in

63 B.C.

RenamedThe areaJudaea

At first Allowed Jewish Rulers to run

Judaea

Herod the Great’s Kingdom

Herod the Great’s Kingdom

BEST KNOWN FOR:

1. Cruelty and changes to

temple.

2. King of Judaea when Jesus was

born.

Herod the Great’s Kingdom

Herod the Great’s Kingdom AFTER

HEROD’S DEATH:

1. Romans replaced Jewish king with a Roman governer.

2. Jewish factions formed splitting up power.

Jewishfactions

Pharisees

* taught Torah and howTo apply to daily life

* in synagogues* supported by Common people

Sadducees

•Believed Torah Applies to priests

in temple•Most were priests

And scribes

Essenes•Broke from temple

To live in desert•Praying and waiting

For God’s deliverance

Dead Sea Scrolls Museum in IsraelDead Sea Scrolls Museum in Israel •Dead Sea Scrolls were

found in 1947

• Were probably written by Essenes

The Essene Community at Qumran

The Essene Community at Qumran

The Essene Ruins at Qumran

The Essene Ruins at Qumran

The Essene Community at Qumran

The Essene Community at Qumran

The Jewish Revolts (66-70 A.D.)

The Jewish Revolts (66-70 A.D.)

Messiah – a deliverer sent by God

Zealots – Jews that wanted to fight Romans for their freedom.

JEWISH REVOLTS

A.D. 66Zealots drove

Romans outBut were

ConqueredAgain 4 years

Later.

Romans killedJews and

Destroyed Temple.

A.D. 132 another revolt

Put down

Romans droveJews from

Jerusalem and Renamed Judah

Palestine.

Masada: Never Again!

Masada: Never Again!

Roman Encampment

Roman Encampment

Jews then had rabbis to be teachers of the Torah.

Johanan ben Zakkai – a famous rabbi

1. After A.D. 70, he made sure study of the Torah continue.

2. Founded school in Palestine that became center of Torah studies for centuries.

Rabbis combined teachings about Torah and the Torah into book called Talmud

2000 years – most Jews lived outside Palestine.

1948 – nation of Israel

created.