exit chapter chapter 12.1 weathering 12.2 soil 12.3 mass movements and erosion chapter outline...
TRANSCRIPT
EXIT CHAPTER
1212CHAPTER
12.1 Weathering
12.2 Soil
12.3 Mass Movements and Erosion
CHAPTER OUTLINECHAPTER OUTLINE
Weathering, Soil, and Erosion
12.4 Soil as a Resource
CHAPTER HOME
Weathering is the breakup of rock due to exposure
to processes that occur at Earth’s surface.
CHAPTER
SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE
VOCABULARY
Mechanical weathering breaks down rocks without
changing their composition. It includes wetting and
drying, abrasion, plants and animals, upward
expansion, and frost wedging.
12.1 Weathering1212 Weathering, Soil, and Erosion
1. Rainwater enters existing cracks in a rock.
2. The water expands as it freezes, wedging the rock apart.
weathering
mechanical weathering
chemical weathering
frost wedging
abrasion
exfoliation
hydrolysis
acid rain
oxidation
CHAPTER HOME
Chemical weathering involves water or water vapor
and changes the composition of rocks, and includes
oxidation, acid precipitation, and hydrolysis.
CHAPTER
SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE
VOCABULARY
Some factors that affect the weathering rate of rocks
are surface exposure, composition, and climate.
12.1 Weathering1212 Weathering, Soil, and Erosion
weathering
mechanical weathering
chemical weathering
frost wedging
abrasion
exfoliation
hydrolysis
acid rain
oxidation
CHAPTER HOME
Soil is loose, weathered rock and organic material
capable of supporting rooted plants. A soil may be
residual or transported, depending on its parent
material.
CHAPTER
SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE
VOCABULARY
As soils form, they
develop horizons.
12.2 Soil1212 Weathering, Soil, and Erosion
A - horizon
B - horizon
C - horizon
Each horizon is
composed of
different amounts
of organic material,
minerals, and
parent material.
soil
parent material
residual soil
transported soil
soil profile
soil horizon
topsoil
subsoil
CHAPTER HOME
A soil’s composition depends on many factors, one
of the most important of which is climate.
CHAPTER
VOCABULARY12.2 Soil
1212 Weathering, Soil, and Erosion
ICE
ARCTIC SOILS
TEMPERATE GRASSLAND SOILS
TEMPERATE FOREST SOILS
TROPICAL GRASSLAND SOILS
DESERT SOILS
TROPICAL FOREST SOILS
soil
parent material
residual soil
transported soil
soil profile
soil horizon
topsoil
subsoil
SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE
CHAPTER HOME
Mass movements involve the downward transport of
rock materials by gravity.
CHAPTER
SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE
VOCABULARY12.3 Mass Movements and Erosion
1212 Weathering, Soil, and Erosion
Mass movements include creep, slump, earthflows,
and mudflows.
mass movement
erosion
talus
landslide
creep
slump
earthflow
mudflow
volcanic neck
CHAPTER HOME
Erosion is the removal or transport of rock materials
by natural agents such as water and wind.
CHAPTER
VOCABULARY12.3 Mass Movements and Erosion
1212 Weathering, Soil, and Erosion
The rate of erosion is influenced by the climate of a
region and the composition of rock.
The outer layers of a volcano eroded away leaving behind a more resistant volcanic neck.
mass movement
erosion
talus
landslide
creep
slump
earthflow
mudflow
volcanic neck
SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE
CHAPTER HOME
Soil depletion and salinization are problems that
affect soil fertility. Appropriate farming practices can
help protect soil fertility.
CHAPTER
SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE
VOCABULARY12.4 Soil as a Resource
1212 Weathering, Soil, and Erosion
Contour plowing, strip cropping, no-till farming,
windbreaks, and terracing are methods used to
prevent soil erosion.
Windbreaks Terraces
soil fertility
soil depletion
salinization
CHAPTER
CHAPTER HOME
1212 Weathering, Soil, and Erosion
This is the end of the chapter presentation of lecture notes. Click the CHAPTER HOME button or exit the presentation.