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JAVIERABSTRACTBACKGROUNDMATERIALS AND METHODS

RESULTSCONCLUSIONS Our hypothesis was wrong, we foresaw that there would be a greater degree of separation from a higher inlet steam pressure, as seen from our results the lower stream pressure yielded a higher degree of separation. We think that this is because when the stream enters the system at a higher temperature it can be out of the VLE phase or just right it leading to a smaller degree of separation. When you have a lower steam pressure the vapor created is lower than at higher steam pressure which allows for there to be more time in the column and better change to lie in the two phase region. When comparing the raw data against theoretical we were confronted with the issue that half of our data was un comparable. This presented its self because not every physical run we did fit a ideal mixture in the Rachford Rice parameters. To continue with analysis we plotted Q-lines on non-ideal X-Y graphs to find our components of water in the ,mixture and compared those values to Rachford Rice Values. The values that we found were very close to what the ideal equations delivered, ultimately making the experiment more successful overall even with a wrong hypothesis.RECOMMENDATIONSExploring the effects of a recycle stream added to the system.Exploring the use of much higher ethanol concentration in our feed stream. Would allow for a better understanding oh how efficient the process is. Investigating if having a better insulated system would hinder or help separation.Observer Bottoms concentration, it was never done because Teaching Assistants said we didnt need to. However we now believe we could make correlations on amount of ethanol lost from the first condenser , and subsequently relate findings to un-insulated process.Do more runs at the same steam pressure, this would allow for better error calculations and since half of the runs were not in the ideal rage for analysis possibly doubling the amount of test runs would be applicable, but only if there were an extra day of laboratory.Staying at a steam Pressure inlet at or below 10 Psi, any higher we found that reaching steady state takes longer and if we intend to make more runs a lower stream pressure would be ideal.

REFERENCES[1] ChemSOF. Binary_VLE.xls. Web. http://chemsof.com/assets/sheet/Binary_VLE.xls.

[2] DiPippo, Ronald (2008). Geothermal Power Plants - Principles, Applications, Case Studies and Environmental Impact (2nd Edition). Elsevier.[3] Fair J. R. Distillation. 2001 Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical technology.[4] J.D.Seader. 2010 Separation Process Principles (3rd Edition) Wiley.[5] Liu, C.-T.; Lindsay, W.T., Jr., Vapor Pressure of D2O from 106 to 300 C, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1970, 15, 4, 510-513.

Partial flash condensation can be used in order to separate a mixture of ethanol and water. Relative volatility is taken advantage of by heating the solution to a temperature in between the boiling points of the two chemicals. The chemical that is evaporated out is then cooled and condensed. This experiment will test the effect of changes in initial concentration, distillation run time, and pressure on the effectiveness of a separation of a mixture of ethanol and water by partial flash condensation. The Rachford-Rice equation will be utilized in order to solve for the composition and flows of the distillate and bottoms. The Rachford-Rice equation is

The Rachford-Rice equation is used to iteratively solve for the vapor and liquid feeds using the equations:

The liquid phase mole fraction is then calculated:The equilibrated vapor phase mole fraction can then be calculated:The composition and mass flow results can then be used to determine the heat duty using an energy balance:Optimizing separations is important in industry in order to be able to separate chemicals into the desired purity. Optimizing the variables of the distillation can save a company money in energy and time. A higher purity chemical is typically worth more than a lower purity of the same chemical. The results from this experiment can be used in order to maximize the purity or amount of distillate in a future experiment using the same apparatus.In the ideal case, the (V/F) value could be found using Rachford-Rice, while in the non-ideal case, McCabe-Thiele Analysis should be used in order to find the composition of the vapor and liquid flows.

JAVIER PLEASE EDIT AND MAKE IT OUR OWNAdd q-line equation as wellBy: Manukumar Balaraman, Javier Corral, Steven Jorgensen, and Maritza MujicaDeviation from Ideality for a Partial Condenser Through Change of Pressure

Figure 2: Determination of values for run 1 Ideal values were calculated using Rachford Rice.Using the q-line equation and x-y diagram the xwater and ywater values were calculated as shown in figure 2 for run 1. The same were done for runs 3 and 6 for the experimental values.Calculations for runs 2,4, and 5 were not completed because they were out of the ideal range.Table 2: Ideal versus Real ValuesIdeal ExperimentalRunxwaterywaterkwaterV/FxwaterywaterkwaterV/F10.9680.8890.9180.5520.9650.7900.8190.27030.9650.8800.9120.8280.9700.8200.8450.58660.9530.8410.8830.9900.9690.8000.8260.706RunPressure (psia)15253848510610

Figure 3: V/F versus Pressure for runs 1, 3, and 6The ywater values were smaller for the experimental method. Hence impacting the V/F values. The value amount of feed vaporized was increased with increasing pressure as shown in figure 3. Meaning more water is vaporized and the quality of the mixture decreases.At higher pressures the deviation between the V/F values decreases.Table 3: Percent Deviation between ideal and experimental values of V/FRunDeviation between Ideal and Real (%)151.1329.3628.7Material need for this ExperimentWater EthanolStop watchGraduate Cylinder 1LRefractometer

Figure 1.Configuration of the flash distillation apparatus.

Method

Before starting experiment need to check apparatus valve are properly closed and safe to operate.First check the feed solution ethanol concentration in the range of 0-50%.Using the refractometer calculated feed solution ethanol concentrationStart the pump and bring the liquid (ethanol water mix) in to the column at a specific levelStart the steam by opening the valve and set a specific pressure range.Start the water feedRun the column until the steady state reach, this can be visualized in the controller screen with all channel (thermocouple) temperature are not fluctuating.Then open the bottom and distillate value and drain all liquid present in there, and then closed the valve properly.Start the stopwatch for 15 min after 15 min and stop the experiment and collect the bottoms/distillate liquidMeasure the volume of both distillate and bottom using the graduate cylinderMeasure the composition ethanol in the distillate using the refractometer.

Safety

Check all valve and connection before starting the experiment.Need to wear Safety goggles all times it is used to protect the eyes from any accidents spill.While operating the hot steam valve use Thermal insulated gloves. And use latex gloves while handling the liquid from the distillate and bottom

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