experience in wind power integration at the german tso …...experience in wind power integration at...

Experience in Wind Power Integration at the German TSO Amprion

WIF – WIND INTEGRATION FORUM

Portland, July 29-30, 2010

Hendrik Neumann (Amprion GmbH, Germany)

[email protected]

2

Information about the TSO Amprion as a Member of the UCTE interconnected System

Integration of renewable Energies in Germany

– Background, Current Status, Development

General Conditions of Grid Integration of renewable Energies

Role and Tasks of a TSO in Germany and Marketing Scheme

Consequences of a massive Infeed from Renewables

Forecasting of renewable Energies

Conclusion

Index

3








Conclusion

5

ES

FR

PT IT

BE

CHAT

PL

CZSK

HR

RS

MK

BA

AL

GR

UA

BG

RO

DE

L

GB

IE

DZ TNMA

TR

LT

BY

MD

LV

RUS

UA

DK

SN EE RUS

DKAsynchronous

DC Link

UCTE Region*

European Interconnected System

HU

Synchronous operationwith UCTE Region

ME

*ENTSO-E RG Continental Europe

NL

SI500 Million

6

Amprion

Ampr

ion

Main Control Centre of Amprion at Brauweiler nearby Cologne

Grid Area of Amprion

7

13193038Share load [%]**

1.9366.7005.4005.200Network length [km] (380 kV)

1.7212.8655.3006.100Network length [km] (220 kV)

7685138175Annual transmission [TWh]

34.600 109.000139.40073.100Served area [km²]*

EnBW50HertzTranspowerAmprion

50HertzTransmission

Amprion

EnBW

Transpower

Operational areas of German transmission system operators

* in Germany** Renewable Energy Act load compensation

Ampr

ion

8








Conclusion

9

Background of Renewable Energies

Germany and the EU aim to strongly increase their use of renewable energies.

Germany: Increase the share of renewable energy sources in electricity supply to at least 30 percent by the year 2020 and continuously increase that share thereafter.

Generating structure and generating performance different from conventional generating facilities; generation from renewables: dispersed, volatile, far from consumers

Creation of a legal basis, regulatory rules and technical guidelines

10

Current Status of Renewable Energies in Germany (April 2010)

~33% of theGerman peak

load

30,525.889Biomass

37,825.704Windpower

19 *4.760Hydropower

7.479Pump Storage

6,29.800Photovoltaics

Production[TWh]

Capacity[MW]

*) without share of Pump Storage

Source: BMU, internal

11

Wind Power Development in Germany

12/2009; Source: ISET, IWET

42 74155

309505 428

534

793

15681665

2659

3247

2645

20371871

1200

1800

1600

2265

110 193 334 643 1137154620822875

44456095

8754

12061

14609

1850019700

2150023100

25365

16629

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

MW

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

MW

Development of CapacityAccummulated Capacity

12

Installed Generation Capacity of Wind Power

0

5.000

10.000

15.000

20.000

25.000

30.000

35.000

40.000

45.000

50.000

55.000

bis1993

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019Jahr

kum

ulie

rte

Leis

tung

in M

W

Onshore Repowering (Zuwachs) Offshore

Source: DEWI / dena-studyyearuntil

accu

mul

ated

cap

acity

in M

W

(growth)

Forecast of development until 2020

Uncertainty due to offshore development

13

Wind Power in Germany

location of installed wind turbines capacity per area

Data source: ISET, IWET

14

Monthly Production of Wind Energy in Germany2006 to 2009

Source: Online Extrapolation German TSO

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000Ja

n

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug Se

p

Oct

Nov

Dec

2006 2007 2008 2009

GWh

15








Conclusion

16

General Conditions of Grid Integration of Renewable Energies

Legal Basis

– Renewable Energy Source Act: Came into force on 1 January 2009, replaces the previous act of 2004

Regulatory Background

– Equalisation Scheme ordinance: Entered into force on 17 July 2009

– Equalisation Scheme Execution Ordinance: Entered into force on 27 February 2010

Grid Code

– Transmission Code 2007: Network and System Rules of the German Transmission System Operators

– Guidelines: Renewables-based generating facilities on the HV and EHV grid

17

Renewable Energy Sources Act (1)

Connection and purchase, transmission & distribution

– Obligation of the grid system operators to connect the installation to the nearest connection point of their grid

– Grid connection costs are generally to be paid by the installation operator; excepted Offshore installations (RESA §13, Energy Industry Act § 17 (2a))

– Obligation also applies if the purchase of the electricity is only made possible by optimising, boosting or expanding the grid system

– Obligation of the grid system operators to purchase, transmit and distribute the entire available quantity of electricity from renewables

– Grid system operator is not obliged if capacity expansion economically unreasonable

18

Capacity expansion and feed-in management

– Installations with a capacity of over 100 kilowatts to be provided with remote control of the infeed power

– Grid system operator is allowed to take technical control over installations over 100 kW in case of system overloading

– Ancillary services bonus for a period of five years by 0.7 cents for wind turbines in operation before 2014 (behaviour in case of faults, delivery of reactive power, maintaining frequency)


19


Payment claims, Direct selling & Tariffs

– Obligation of grid system operators to pay installation operators tariffs according to the “special provisions regarding tariffs“

– Direct selling of the electricity by the installation operators to third parties on a monthly agreement with the grid system operator

– Various tariffs for the different kinds of renewable energy sources, i. e.

– Hydropower Wind energy, onshore

– Biogas Wind energy, offshore

– Geothermal energy Solar radiation

20


Equalisation scheme

– Nationwide equalisation scheme

– Delivery to transmission system operator

– Tariffs paid by transmission system operator

– Equalisation amongst transmission system operators

Ordinance on the Further Development of the Nationwide EqualisationScheme – Equalisation Scheme Ordinance

21

Ordinance on the Further Development of the Nationwide Equalisation Scheme Equalisation Scheme Ordinance – AusglMechV

Basic principles:

1. The transmission system operators are not obliged to transmit the electricity to downstream utility companies.

2. The utility companies are not obliged to purchase and pay tariffs for electricity from their regular transmission system operators.

The electricity generated by renewable energy is fully integrated in the electricity delivery in total

3. The transmission system operators are obliged to market the electricity

4. The transmission system operators can claim reimbursement from the utility companies for delivering electricity to final consumers → Renewable Energy Act surcharge

22








Conclusion

23

Role of the TSOs in Germany

TSOs

ReserveEnergy

Intraday-Market

Day-Ahead-Market

BalancingEnergy

TSOs are obliged to take off the energy, bring it to market and balance the infeed

Fixed Tariff Market Price

24

Equalisation Scheme started in 2010

1) Renewable Energy Sources Act2) European Energy Exchange

RESA surcharge

DSOs

TSOs

TSO

I Ocustomer

RESA surcharge

RESA 1)

account

RESA 1)

account

utilities

€

2)

direct marketing

equalisationpro rata marketing DA & ID

equalisation

25








Conclusion

26

-7000

-5000

-3000

-1000

1000

3000

5000

7000

9000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

MW

P DE

P

Pinstall %

Correlation Wind Energy Production ↔ Control Program DE

Trendline

h-Values, 2009

Sour

ce: A

mpr

ion

Gm

bH

+ E

xpor

t-I

mpo

rt

0

27

Correlation Wind Energy Production ↔ Day-ahead Price EPEX

Trendline

Sour

ce: A

mpr

ion

Gm

bH

0

*limited range

*

October 2009: day-ahead -500 €/MWh, intra-day: -1.500 €/MWh !!!

h-Values, 2009

-60

-20

20

60

100

0 50 100Pinstall

€/MWh

EPEXSpot(DE,AT)

P%

28

BENL

GR

ELIA

TENNET

ATAPG

CHSWISSGRID

IT TERNA

ELES

SLOHEP

HR

FRRTE

ESREE

PTREN

PSEPL

CZ SKCEPS SEPS

HU

NOS

BIH

MAVIR

GB

+6482+6627

+ Export / - Import all values in MW

Windpower generation DE

13.300 MW

DE

17022220

11801668

26552257

7071543

956

424

2585

890

3724

3091

888

890

DK

705242

6110

890

210430

-1088-1187

-5907-5822

+2845+2739

612

35

10490

1006

809

756

712

NO

707

SE

360

207

250

SE

SHB

1330

300

499

1250

169

286

6531192

34951352

30471621

221

121

533

204

-756-712 -1229

-1259

-60-30

-15-20

-1965-2015

commercial physical

490

Commercial vs. physical flows in Europe (19-11-2008, 13h30)

29

BENLELIA

TENNET

ATAPG

CHSWISSGRID

IT TERNA

ELES

SLOHEP

HR

FRRTE

ESREE

PTREN

PSE

EnBW TNG

E.ON Netz

RWE TSO

VE-T

TIWAG Netz

VKW Netz

CEGEDEL

PL

CZ SKCEPS SEPS

HU

NOS

BIH

MAVIR

all values in MW

DE

518488

2250

532

1695

633

1630

463

611

1419

321

1049

197

44

SHB

693

816

Loop flow = physical flow – commercial flow

1426

398

120

2143

100

220

Loop flows in Europe (19-11-2008 at 13h30)

30








Conclusion

31

Root mean square error (rmse) of a single day ahead forecast model for wind power (% of installed capacity):

Single Wind Farm: 10% to 20%

Single Control Area (400 km x 400 km): 7.5% to 10%

All German Control Areas (800 km x 1000 km): 5% to 7%

With Combination of Forecasts: 4,2% (2009)

Wind Power PredictionSize of the Forecast Area

32

Wind power prediction systems commonly use only one single numerical weather prediction model (NWP)

But the NWP models have strengths and weaknesses in different weather situations

e.g.: convection is over-estimated by one model, which leads to increase in the predicted wind speed

Approach

Combine different deterministic NWP models to minimize the error of wind power forecasts. The wind power forecast is calculated as the optimal combination of several single forecasts for the specific weather situation.

Wind Power PredictionDay ahead prediction - combining different weather models

33

Wind Power Prediction What the Combination Tool does

NWP1V1

P1

NWP2V2

P2

NWP3V3

P3

NWP8V8

P4

Classification of theWeather Situation

Optimal Forecast of Wind Powerfor specific Weather Situation

Weighting of the Forecasts and Combination

34

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

0:00 3:00 6:00 9:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00Time

Win

dpow

er [M

W]

optimisationA, d-1, 8:00B, d-1, 8:00C, d-1, 8:00D, d-1, 8:00

Optimisation of wind power forecast process (1)Predictions, Amprion Share, Day Ahead, 8:00

35

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

0:00 3:00 6:00 9:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00Time

Win

dpow

er [M

W]

measurementoptimisationA, d, 20:00B, d, 8:00C, d, 20:00D, d, 8:00

Optimisation of wind power forecast process (2) Predictions & Measurement, Amprion Share, Actual Day, 24:00

36








Conclusion

37

Conclusion The ambitious plans of the EU and the German government lead to a very high

amount of renewables in Germany, wind energy takes a dominant part (26 GW).

The “Renewable Energy Source Act“ is the legal basis for the integration of renewables. It defines the grid connection and purchase, transmission & distribution, capacity expansion and feed-in management, direct selling & tariffs.

The TSO plays an important role. He has to purchase the energy from renewables at fixed tariffs and has to market the energy on the spot market.

The massive infeed from renewables has a big impact on the energy market and on the load flows in Germany and the surrounding countries.

A good wind power forecast is of great importance for the TSO. By combining different forecast models a higher forecast quality can be achieved.

Thank you for your attention.

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