ExperienceswithGridIntegra3onofWindPowerinSriLanka

KamaniJayasekeraDeputyGeneralManager(TransmissionandGenera3onPlanning)CeylonElectricityBoardSriLanka

•  TotalCapacity3928MW•  Hydro 1377MW-35%•  Coal 900MW-23%•  Oil 1186MW-30%•  OtherRenewable465MW-12%PeakDemand2455MW

PresentCapacityofthePowerSystem

Hydro35%

Coal23%

oil30%

OtherRE12%

PresentStatusofDevelopmentofOtherRenewableEnergy(asat31stMarch2016)

ProjectType No.ofProjects

Capacity(MW)

MiniHydroPower 158 315

WindPower 15 129

Biomass-Agricultural&IndustrialWastePower 4 13

Biomass-DendroPower 4 7

SolarPower 3 1.4

Total-Commissioned 184 465

AnnualEnergyContribu3onfromORE

2014SriLankanTransmission

SystemwithWindDevelopmentZones

PuSalam

Hambanthota

Ambewela

Mannar

KilinochchiWind

Exis3ngWindPowerPlantsProjectName Loca3on Capacity(MW)

HambanthotaWPP Hambanthota 3

MampuriWPP PuSalam 10

SeguwanthivuWPP PuSalam 10

VidathamunaiWPP PuSalam 10

WilpitaWPP Balangoda 0.85

NirmalapuraWPP PuSalam 10

AmbewelaWPP NuwaraEliya 3

MadurankuliyaWPP PuSalam 10

UppudaluwaWPP PuSalam 10

KalpiYyaWPP PuSalam 9.8

ErubukkudalWPP PuSalam 4.8

MampuriWPP-II PuSalam 10

MampuriWPP-III PuSalam 10

PuloppalaiWPP Kilinochchi 10

VallimunaiWPP Kilinochchi 10

MusalpiZWPP PuSalam 10

Total 129

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120

140

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4

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16

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

WindPowerDevelopment

Capacity(MW) NoofProjects

WindSpeedandEnergyVaria3onatPu\alam(20MW)

0

5

10

15

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25

0

2000

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6000

8000

10000

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14000

16000

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20000

1 8760

HourlyEnergy(kWh) WindSpeed(m/s)Hourly

LowWindSeason

CapacityFactor:31.4%

HighWindSeason

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25

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2000

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6000

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1 8760

m/s

kW

hours

HourlyEnergy(kWh) WindSpeed(m/s)Hourly

WindSpeedandEnergyVaria3oninHillCountry(10MW)

HighWindSeasonLowWindSeason

CapacityFactor:25.9%

RenewableEnergyIntegra3onStudies

•  System studies are being revised in order to idenYfy thesystem impacts on integraYon of intermiSent renewableenergy sources and to idenYfy the necessary transmissionnetwork improvement including the financial and economicimplicaYons.

DevelopmentPlanofOtherRenewableEnergyPowerPlants

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

0

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20152016201720182019202020212022202320242025202620272028202920302031203220332034

Capa

city(M

W)

Year

Solar

Biomass

Wind

MiniHydro

ShareofNCREfromTotalGeneraYon%

PresentGridConnec3onCode•  Controls

–  ThewindfarmshallprovidethecontrollingfacilitytolimitthevariaYonofthewindfarmbyincorporaYngnecessarycontrolstoindividualwindturbines

–  TherampratewillbedefinedforthegridsubstaYonandshallnotexceed10MW/minute

•  Protec3on§  FrequencyRequirement(47-52Hz)

§  OverFrequency: 1.04pu-ConYnuously§  UnderFrequency: 0.94pu-ConYnuously

§  VoltageRequirement§  OverVoltage: 1.1pu–ConYnuously

>1.1pu,1sec–Shouldremainconnectedtothegridfor1secondandtrip§  UnderVoltage: <0.9pu,3sec–IfLVRTcapabilityapplicable,

Shouldremainconnectedtothegridfor3 secondsandtrip

§  Otherwise: <0.9pu,1sec–Shouldremainconnectedfor 1secondandtrip

PresentGridConnec3onCodeCont.§  PowerFactorandReacYvePowerSupport

§  WindFarmshalloperateintherangeof0.98leadingtoUnityPowerFactor§  ReacYvepowersupportrangeis0.80laggingto0.95leading

§  LowVoltageRideThrough(LVRT)Capability§  If the grid voltage at the point of interconnecYon reduces to 40% of the

nominal voltageand remainat40%of thenominal voltage foraperiod lessthan100msandthenrecovertoavoltageof90%orhigherwithin3seconds,the wind farm shall remain connected to the grid. If voltage during thedisturbancereducesbelowtheaforesaidvoltageprofile,windfarmshalltrip

00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

Volta

ge(p

u)

Time(s)

VoltageProfile

4.1s

PresentGridConnec3onCodeCont.

•  PowerQuality§  Harmonics

§  RelevantemissionlimitsasperIEC61800-3isgivenbelow

§  Flicker§  FlickeremissionforconYnuousandswitchingoperaYonshouldbewithinthelimitsgiveninIEC60868,IEC61400-21andIEC61000-3-7

HarmonicOrder OddHarmonicCurrent(%ofIrated)

EvenHarmonicCurrent(%ofIrated)

n<11 4.0 1.0

11≤n<17 2.0 0.5

17≤n<23 1.5 0.4

23≤n<35 0.6 0.2

35≤n<50 0.3 0.1

THD≤5%(forn=40)

14

Genera3onExpansionPlan2015-2034

YEAR RENEWABLEADDITIONS

THERMALADDITIONS

2015 - 60MWBargePowerPlant

2016 - -

2017 35MWBroadlandsHPP120MWUmaOyaHPP

-

2018 100MWMannarWindParkPhaseI 2x35MWGasTurbine

2019* - 1x35MWGasTurbine

2020 31MWMoragollaHPP15MWThalpiYgalaHPP100MWMannarWindParkPhaseII

2x250MWCoalPowerPlantsTrincomaleePowerCompanyLimited

2021 50MWMannarWindParkPhaseII -

2022 20MWSeethawakaHPP20MWGinGangaHPP50MWMannarWindParkPhaseIII

2x300MWNewCoalPlant–Trincomalee-2

2023 25MWMannarWindParkPhaseIII 163MWCombinedCyclePlant

2024 25MWMannarWindParkPhaseIII 1x300MWNewCoalplant

2025 1x200MWPSPP25MWMannarWindParkPhaseIII

-

2026 2x200MWPSPP -

PowerSystematPresent

•  Installedcapacity -3923MW•  PeakDemand -2455MW•  OffpeakDemand -950MW

PowerSystematPresentCont.

•  Gridissmallandisolated.•  PowersystemisoperaYngwithlessspinningreserveandalso

lessreservecapacity.•  System frequency is controlledmostly by hydro generators

response Yme of which is not sufficient to respond for amajorsystemdisturbance.

•  AutomaYcGovernorControlsarenotinplaceatpresent.•  System inerYa is low. Mostly system survives with under

frequencyloadsheddingschemeincaseofadisturbance.

IssuesRelatedtoWindPowerIntegra3on

•  To deal with IntermiSency of wind power generaYon,addiYonalspinningreservesarerequired.

•  Capacity of transmission infrastructure in wind rich areas islimited.

•  Wind power is available mostly during minimum loadcondiYon when major power contribuYon is from coal.Therefore,windpowerhastobeintegratedde-loadingcheapcoalpowergeneraYon.

•  WindpowerisalsoavailablemostlyduringwetseasonwhenhydropowergeneraYonishigh.Therefore,windpowerhastobeaccommodated de-loadingcheapgeneraYonfromhydropowerplantsduringlowdemandcondiYon.

IssuesRelatedtoWindPowerIntegra3onCont.

•  InerYacontribuYonfromwindpowerplantstothesystemisverysmall.

•  Powerqualityissues•  Environmental and social issues are encountered in

implemenYngwindpower.•  At present, generaYon from wind power plants is not

curtailed as per the Standard Power Purchase AgreementssignedwithCEB.However,inthefuture,windgeneraYonwillhavetobecurtailedduringlowdemandcondiYontomaintainsystemstabilityandovercomeotheroperaYonalissues.

Measuresunderconsidera3ontofacilitategridintegra3onofwindpower

•  Develop wind plants as parks and introduce wind forecasYngsystemstodealwithintermiSency.

•  ImproveoffpeakdemandbyimplemenYngDSMmeasures.•  Improve the system inerYa, by implemenYng planned major

generaYonaccordingtotheLongtermGeneraYonExpansionPlan.•  Generatorswithfastresponsesuchasgasturbines,combinedcycle

shouldbeinstalled.•  Requiredtoinveston newtransmissioninfrastructuretotransmit

powerfromNorthandNorthWesterntodemandcentres.•  Powerqualityissueswillbeaddressedcomplyingwithgridcode.•  Feasibility of connecYng Sri Lankan Electricity Grid with Indian

Electricity Grid is also under consideraYon which will definitelyimprovethereliabilityandstabilityofthesystem.

ThankYouKamaniJayasekeradgmtgp@ceb.lk