experimental and numerical preparation for the study of...
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Experimental and Numerical Preparation for the Study of Metamaterial Structures
in an HPM Environment Tyler Wynkoop
Alan Lynn Mark Gilmore
University of New Mexico Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
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Overview • Introduction • SINUS Accelerator • Modular Horn Antenna • Metamaterial samples to be tested • Diagnostics • Summary
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Objective • Objective: Characterize failure mechanisms of
metamaterial structures in an HPM environment – Arcing – Corona – Melting – Multipactoring – Etc.
• Operational limits of MTM structures – E-field – Pulse width – Rise time – Etc.
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Introduction • Design and implement a test stand
– High fields – Versatile geometries
• Look for failure mechanisms via diagnostic tools – Fast Imaging Camera – PMT Camera – Spectroscopy – Thermal Characterization (infrared)
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SINUS-6 Accelerator
• Vbeam ≤ 700 kV • Pulse width ~
12 ns FWHM • Cathode current
typically ~ 6 kA (carbon field emission cathode)
• S-band Magnetron
Horn Antenna
Transformer
Capacitor Bank
Magnetron
Pulse Forming Line
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Metamaterial Test Environment • High fields • Adjustable fields • Supports multiple configurations • Maximum diagnostic access • Minimal power reflection
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Modular Horn Antenna
~19.5”
•Interchangeable metamaterial mounting plates in red
•Metamaterial sample in Blue
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Metamaterial Sample
• Simulation done with Metamaterial package in CST
• Split Ring Resonator designed for resonance in S-Band
• No dielectric substrate • Work in progress
Dimensions in mm
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Metamaterial Sample Resonance Characteristics
• Problems with simulation • Electrostatic vs.
Electromagnetic • Incorrect anisotropic
behavior
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Diagnostic Triggering Self-breaking Gas SwitchJitter ~ 1 µs
PFL
Thyristor
Voltage PulseFWHM ~ 15 ns
Self-breaking Gas SwitchJitter ~ 1 µs
PFL
Thyristor
Voltage PulseFWHM ~ 15 ns
D-dot probe
Trigger
Camera
Mirror
SINUS-6
• Problematic triggering • μs switch jitter • ns pulse length
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Fast Camera
• Stanford Computer Optics 4 Quick E
• 1.2 ns/frame, 300 – 800 nm wavelength range
• completely opto-isolated in screen box
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PMT Array •16 Channel PMT Array •0.6 ns rise time •Each channel is 0.8x16 mm •Power supply and amplifier shown below
Fast 1D photomultiplier array for continuous, time-resolved 1D imaging
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PMT Array Schematic
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Front end Optics
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Spectroscopy and Other Diagnostics • McPherson 205f
– 350 – 850 nm – Species present (e.g. C+, Cu+, H, etc) – Ions vs. neutrals – Electron temperature (Te) and density (ne) – Ti = Te, if highly collisional
• McPherson 2062 – 4 meter – 2400 lines/mm grating – resolution: 0.006 nm – Ion temperature Ti (if Ti > 8 eV) – Ion drifts, Vi – Possibly: Surface Electric Field (via Stark splitting)
• Thermal Characterization (infrared) – Method to be determined
McPherson 205f
McPherson 2062DP
could yield additional information on the nature of breakdown
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Shielding • Isolated power
• Pneumatic remote disconnect
• Fiber optic trigger input • Fast Imaging Camera
• Fiber optic ethernet control
• PMT camera • Fiber optic input
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Summary • SINUS-6 Driver
– Triggering challenges being addressed • Metamaterial Test Environment
– Modular Horn Antenna • Fabrication to begin this month
• MTM Structures – Design in progress
• Diagnostics – Fast Imaging Camera
• Ready to be installed
– PMT Array • In fabrication
– Spectroscopy and Thermal Characterization • Under consideration
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Thank You!