experimental study on self curing concrete using sodium lignosulphonate
DESCRIPTION
Concrete is a mixture of cement, aggregates and water with or without suitable admixtures. Curing is the process of maintaining the proper moisture content to promote optimum cement hydration immediately after placement and to attain desirable strength and other properties. This paper reports an experimental study carried out to investigate the usage of sodium lignosulphonate as self-curing agent. In this study compressive strength and split tensile strength of self-curing concrete with varying percentages(0.5%,1%,1.5%,2%,2.5%,3%) for 7,14,28 days are analyzed, tested and compared with conventional concrete of similar mix design. According to IS: 10262-1982, the mix design is determined for concrete of grade M20.Compressive and split tensile test results shows that the optimum strength of self-curing concrete attain at 0.5% mixture of sodium lignosulphonate when compared to conventional concrete.TRANSCRIPT
International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Engineering (IJETE)
Volume 2 Issue 4, April 2015, ISSN 2348 – 8050
74
www.ijete.org
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SELF CURING CONCRETE USING
SODIUM LIGNOSULPHONATE
1Riyaz Ahamed. K, M.E, Assistant Professor
2Pradeep Kumar.A, M.PLAN, MBA. Assistant professor 3Durai Priyadarshini,
4Kalaivani.K,
5Kingsta Beautlin.M
1,2,3,4,5Dept. of Civil Engineering, Veltech Engg college
Abstract Concrete is a mixture of cement, aggregates and water
with or without suitable admixtures. Curing is the process
of maintaining the proper moisture content to promote
optimum cement hydration immediately after placement
and to attain desirable strength and other properties. This
paper reports an experimental study carried out to
investigate the usage of sodium lignosulphonate as self-
curing agent. In this study compressive strength and split
tensile strength of self-curing concrete with varying
percentages(0.5%,1%,1.5%,2%,2.5%,3%) for 7,14,28
days are analyzed, tested and compared with conventional
concrete of similar mix design. According to IS: 10262-
1982, the mix design is determined for concrete of grade
M20.Compressive and split tensile test results shows that
the optimum strength of self-curing concrete attain at
0.5% mixture of sodium lignosulphonate when compared
to conventional concrete.
Keywords: curing, self-curing concrete, compressive
strength, sodium lignosulphonate, tensile strength,
chemical admixture
1. INTRODUCTION Curing of concrete is for maintaining satisfactory
moisture content in concrete during its early stages in
order to develop the desired properties. However, good
curing is not always practical and often neglected in
many cases. Several investigators asked the questions
whether there will be self-curing concrete. Therefore, the
need to develop self-curing agents attracted several
researchers. The concept of self-curing agent is to reduce
the water evaporation from concrete and hence increase
the water retention capacity of the concrete compared to
conventional concrete. The use view that water resources
are getting valuable every day. The benefit of self-curing
admixtures is more significant in desert areas where water
is inadequately available.
2. OBJECTIVE To improve the effectiveness of the water content of a
concrete mix by using sodium Lignosulphonate.
To determine the characteristics of self-curing
concrete such as compressive and split tensile
strength by adding self-curing agent in varying
percentage.
To compare the strength between conventional and
self-curing concrete.
3. MATERIAL USED 3.1 Cement -Ordinary Portland cement of grade 53
grade.
3.2 Fine aggregate-Locally available river sand. The
percentage of passing is within the limits as per IS: 383-
1970
3.3 Coarse aggregate -Crushed stone was used as
course aggregate .The coarse aggregate according to IS
383-1970 was used. Maximum coarse aggregate size
used is 20mm
3.4 Water -Water used was fresh, colorless, odorless
and tasteless, convenient water that was free from cause
early-age cracking organic matter of any type.
3.5 Sodium lignosulphonate– Sodium Lignosulphonate
are mainly for concrete mixture as water-reducing
additive.
Table 1.1 properties of sodium lignosulphonate
S.NO INDEX STANDARD TEST ITEMS VALUES RESULT
1 Appearance Dark Brown
Meets the
requirement
2 Lignosulpho nate 50% (min) 55
3 Dry matter 92% (min) 94
Moisture contents 7.0% (max) 3.9
5 PH value 7-11 8
6 Inorganic 5.0% (max) 1.9
Salts (Na2So4)
7
Total reducing
matter 4.0% (max) 4.1
8
Water insoluble
matter 2.5% 1.3
International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Engineering (IJETE)
Volume 2 Issue 4, April 2015, ISSN 2348 – 8050
75
www.ijete.org
4. METHODOLOGY
Literature Study
Material
Collection
Specimen Test Material Test
1. Compressive
1. Specific
Lab Test
Strength.
Gravity
2. Split Tensile 2. Sieve
strength Analysis
Result Analysis
Conclusion
5. MIX DESIGN MIX PROPORTIONING FOR M20 GRADE
CONCRETE As per IS 10262
Grade destination: M20
Cement: ordinary Portland cement
Coarse aggregate size: 20mm
Test data for materials Specific gravity of cement =3.478
Specific gravity of coarse aggregate =2.645
Specific gravity of fine aggregate =2.636
Sieve analysis:
For Coarse aggregate =Conforming to table 2
(IS: 383-1970)
For Fine aggregate =conforming to grading zone 3 of
Table 4 (I S: 383-1970)
Target mean strength of concrete- The target mean strength for specified characteristic
cube strength is,
20+1.65×4 = 26.6 Mpa (refer Table 11.21 and Table
11.22 (IS 10262) for values of t and s)
Selection of water-cement ratio From fig. 11.10(IS 10262) the water-cement ratio
required for the target mean strength of 26.6Mpa is 0.5.
Selection of water and sand content From table 11.24,(IS 10262) for 20mm maximum size
aggregate, sand conforming to grading zone 2, water
content per cubic metre of concrete = 186kg and sand
content as percentage of total aggregate by absolute
volume = 35 per cent.
For change in value in water-cement ratio,
compacting factor, for sand belonging to zone 3,
following adjustment is required.
TABLE 2: PERCENT ADJUSTMENT (IS 10262)
Change In Percent Percent Condition Adjustment adjustment (Is 10262) Required(Water required
Content) (sand in total aggregate)
For
decrease in 0 -2
water-
cement
ratio by
(0.6-0.5)
that is 0.10.
For
increase in +3 0
compacting
factor (0.9-
0.8), that is
0.10.
For sand
conforming 0 -1.5
to zone-3
of table 4,
IS: 383-
1970.
TOTAL +3 -3.5
Therefore, required sand content as percentage of Total aggregate by absolute
volume
= 35-3.5 = 31.5% Required water content =186+5.58=191.61/m³ Determination of cement
content
Water-cement ratio = 0.50
Water = 191.6 liter
Therefore, cement = 191.6/0.50
= 383
kg/m³
International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Engineering (IJETE)
Volume 2 Issue 4, April 2015, ISSN 2348 – 8050
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This cement content is adequate for „mild‟ exposure
condition.(refer table 9.18 from IS 10262)
Determination of coarse and fine aggregate contents From table 11.23(IS 10262), for the specified
maximum size of aggregate of 20mm, the amount
of entrapped air in the wet concrete is 2 per cent.
Taking this into account and applying equations.
V= (w+ (c/sc) + (1/p) (fa/sfa)) × (1/1000)
0.98 = (191.6 + (383/3.478) + (1/0.347) × (fa /2.636))
×(1/1000)
fa = 620 kg/m³
Ca = ((1-p)/p) × fa × (Sca/Sfa)
Ca = ((1-0.347)/0.347 × 620 × (2.645/2.636)
Ca = 1171 kg/m³
The mix proportion then becomes:
WATER CEMENT FINE COARSE
AGGREGAT
E
AGGREGAT
E
191.6 383 kg 620 kg 1171 kg
0.5 1 1.61 3.05
Therefore, we adopt the mix proportion taken is 1:1.5:3
6. EXPERIMENT It is significant that the ingredient material of
concrete remain consistently distributed within
the concrete mass during the various stages of
handling and that full compaction is achieved,
and making sure that the characteristics of
concrete which affect full compaction like
consistency, mobility and compatibility are in
conventionalitywith relevantcodes of practice.
The test carry out in this paper is compressive
and split tensile test. In this experiment we found
strength of self-curing concrete by adding
sodium lignosulphonate (chemical admixture) at
0.5%, 1%, 1.5%.2%, 2.5%, 3% and also
comparing with conventional concrete to study
the compressive strength and split tensile
strength.
6.1 Compressive Strength The compressive force applied per unit
area on the specimen is termed as the
compressive strength. In simple words the
compressive force is the pushing force that acts
on the specimen.
Table 3 Compressive Strength of Concrete Cubes
Percentage 7 Days 14 Days 28 Days
Of S.C.A (N/mm
2)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm
2)
Conventional 13.0 18.0 20
standard
Conventional 13.5 18.2 22.5
(obtained)
0.5 14.44 18.25 24.0
1.0 7.10 10.0 12.50
1.5 4.80 9.43 11.70
2.0 4.20 8.70 10.0
2.5 3.30 7.00 9.80
3.0 3.20 6.90 9.65
20
7 Days Test
Result
15
N/m
m
10In 14 Days Test
Results
5
28 Days Test
0
Com
pres
sive
Stre
ngth
conc
entio
nal(s
ta…c
onv
entio
nal(o
bt…
0.50%
1%
1.50%
2%
2.50%
3%
Results
Percentage Of S.C.A
Graph 1Comparison of Compressive Strength
International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Engineering (IJETE)
Volume 2 Issue 4, April 2015, ISSN 2348 – 8050
77
www.ijete.org
6.2 SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH
The tensile force applied per unit area on the
specimen is termed as the tensile strength .In simple
words the tensile force is the pulling force that acts
on the specimen.
Table 4 Split Tensile Strength of Concrete Cylinders
Percentage 7 Days 14 Days 28 Days
Of S.C.A
(N/Mm2) (N/Mm
2) (N/Mm
2)
Conventional 1.50 1.60 1.90
(Standard)
Conventional 1.52 1.59 1.95
(Obtained)
0.5 1.62 1.73 2.00
1 1.34 1.43 1.74
1.5 1.30 1.40 1.70
2 1.27 1.38 1.67
2.5 1.12 1.20 1.50
3 0.90 1.13 1.42
2 7 Days
Tensile
1.5 Strength
2zN
/mm
In 14 Days
1
Tensile
Strength
0.5
Con
cret
e
28 Days
Tensile
Of
0
conve
ntio…
conve
ntio…
Strength
Ten
sile
Str
eng
th
0.50
%
1%
1.50
%
2%
2.50
%
3%
Percentage Of S.C.A
Graph 2 Comparison of tensile strength
7. RESULT AND CONCLUSION Experimental studies were carried out on concrete
by adding self-curing agent (sodium lignosulphonate) in
varying percentages of cement. Physical properties such
as compressive strength and split tensile strength was
evaluated based on the experimental result the following
conclusions are drawn.
The self curing agent of sodium lignosulphonate is
used at different percentages with M20 grade concrete
mix and analyzed the result. It reveals that the
compressive strength of concrete is found to be
increased by 6.25% at 0.5% of sodium lignosulphonate
compared with conventional concrete of same water-
cement ratio (0.5).
To check the tensile strength, split tensile test is
conducted which shows that the strength increased by
2.5 % at 0.5% sodium lignosulphonate to conventional
concrete with same water-cement ratio (0.5)
Comparing to these varying percentages of sodium
lignosulphonate (0.5%, 1%, 1.5, 2%, 2.5%, 3%). A
compressive and split tensile test result shows that the
optimum strength of self curing concrete attained at
0.5% mixture of sodium lignosulphonate when
compared to conventional concrete.
The experimental study shows that the use of water
soluble sodium lignosulphonate is possible as a self-
curing agent. It reduces placing problems in hot weather
concreting by improving workability and workability
retention and allows workability to be increased without
adding extra water.
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International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Engineering (IJETE)
Volume 2 Issue 4, April 2015, ISSN 2348 – 8050
78
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