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Volume 6, Issue 4 (2019) 1-5 ISSN 2347 - 3258 International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation
1 IJARI
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SOIL STABILIZATION USING BASALT
FIBER AND GROUND GRANULATED BLAST FURNACE SLAG IN
ORGANIC SOIL G. Ramachandran1*, S. Monisha2, P. Pradeepa3, S. Srigayathri4, T. Vikachini5 *1 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Vivekanandha College of Civil Engineering, Tiruchengode 2,3 UG Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Vivekanandha College of Civil Engineering, Tiruchengode 4,5 UG Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Vivekanandha College of Civil Engineering, Tiruchengode
ABSTRACT
The organic soils are unsuitable for construction works due to its low shear strength, high
swelling potential and poor bearing capacity. These types of soils can be treated by stabilization
and compaction methods. In this paper the study on effective use of stabilization using basalt
fiber and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) in varying proportions and the main
objective of this study is to increase the geotechnical properties of soil. The study has been
conducted with three different proportions of basalt fiber as 1%, 2%, 3% and ground granulated
blast furnace slag as 3%, 6% and 9%. The reinforced soil where subjected to compaction and
unconfined compressive test (UCS). The experimental results have shown effective increament
in compressive strength and shear strength of the soil.
1. Introduction
Soil stabilization is used to reduce the permeability and to
increase the shear strength and bearing capacity of soil.
Generally, the cementitious materials are used. In this study
we use basalt fiber which is obtained from crushed basalt rocks
it is a non-metal inorganic fiber which acts as a reinforcement
for soil. when compared to other fibers like carbon fiber, sisal
fiber and polypropylene fiber it has many unique physical
advantageous properties and it is specifically environment
friendly and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) is a
by-product produced from iron manufacturing process and its
cementitious characteristics reduces the permeability of soil
and it increases the strength of soil when compared to other
additives it is economical and environment friendly.
2. Materials used
2.1 Soil
The organic soil is collected from Koduvai, Tirupur district.
The soil sample which is collected from 1.5m below the
ground surface and the Index and engineering properties of
soil are shown in Table 1. The classification of soil is done as
per the Indian standard classification and it shown that the soil
taken is organic with intermediate plasticity (OI).
Fig.1 soil sample
Corresponding Author,
E-mail address: [email protected]; :
http://www.ijari.org
Table 1. Geotechnical properties of soil
2.2 Basalt fiber
The basalt fiber is made from crushed basalt fiber from
volcanic rocks it is a non-metallic natural fiber. It is
economical and environment friendly when compared to other
fibers, it has unique physical characteristics and excellent
mechanical properties such as resistance to high temperature,
acid and alkali resistance and wave adsorption characteristics.
In this study chopped basalt fiber is used. It is brought from
Go-green products, Chennai. The properties of basalt are given
below.
S.no Geotechnical properties of soil values
1. Specific gravity 1.88
2. Percentage of gravel (%) 0.1
3. Percentage of sand (%) 19.4
4. Percentage of silt (%) 69
5. Percentage of clay (%) 11.5
6. Liquid limit (%) 36%
7. Plastic limit (%) 25%
8. Plasticity index (%) 11
9. IS classification system OI
10. AASHTO system A-7-5
11. Maximum dry density (g/ml) 5.61
12. Optimum moisture content (%) 10%
13. Swell index 18%
Article Info
Article history:
Received 25 January 2019
Received in revised form
20 February 2019
Accepted 28 February 2019
Available online 15 March 2019
Keywords Soil stabilization, Basalt fiber, GGBS,
Compaction, Unconfined compression
test, Organic soil.
Volume 6, Issue 4 (2019) 1-5 ISSN 2347 - 3258 International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation
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Table 2. Properties of basalt fiber
Fig.2 Basalt fiber
2.3 Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS)
The ground granulated blast furnace slag is a by product
material from manufacturing of iron. It acts as a pozzolanic
material. It is bought from Erode. The specific gravity of
ground granulated blast furnace is 2.68.
3. Methodology
To find the index properties soil (specific gravity, plastic
limit, liquid limit, moisture content, swell index) the
laboratory tests were conducted as per the IS code (IS 2720).
The soil and the proportioned soil with stabilizing agents then
subjected to compaction test and unconfined compression test
(UCS) in varying proportions.
4. Results and discussion
4.1 Proctor compaction test
This experiment is to obtain the relation between moisture
content (OMC) and max dry density (MDD). This test is
conducted in varying proportions. This test shows the
compaction characteristics of untreated soil and proportioned
soil. The OMC and MDD is an important factor which defines
the strength properties of soil. The optimum moisture content
seems to be increase and the MDD value decreases in further
increasing the proportions of fiber. The optimum moisture
content and maximum dry density was found to be 14% and
5.72 (g/ml).
Fig.3 Proctor compaction test
Table 3. Results obtained from proctor compaction test
Fig.4 Variation in OMC characteristics
108
108
14 1412
1012
14
02468
10121416
OMC (%)
OMC (%)
S.no Properties Values
1. Density (g/cm3) 2.65
2. Elastic modulus (GPa) 85.9
3. Breaking elongation (%) 3.12
4. Tensile strength (MPa) 2611
5. Length (mm) 15
6. Filament diameter (μm) 17
Mix proportions OMC (%) MDD (g/cc)
Untreated soil 10 5.60
B.F 1% GGBS 3% 8 5.63
B.F 1% GGBS 6% 8 5.72
B.F 1% GGBS 9% 10 5.61
B.F 2% GGBS 3% 14 5.48
B.F 2% GGBS 6% 14 5.39
B.F 2% GGBS 9% 12 5.42
B.F 3% GGBS 3% 10 5.44
B.F 3% GGBS6% 12 5.48
B.F 3% GGBS 9% 14 5.49
Volume 6, Issue 4 (2019) 1-5 ISSN 2347 - 3258 International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation
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Fig.5 Variation in MDD characteristics
Fig.6 Compaction test samples
4.2 Unconfined compression test
The unconfined compressive strength is conducted to obtain
the compressive strength of the soil. In this study the test is
conducted in undrained condition. The strength can be
identified from the stress-strain relationship curve obtained
from the test results. The Maximum strength attained in the
proportion of 2% basalt fiber and 6%GGBS is 183kN/m2.
Fig.7 UCS results for untreated soil
Fig.7 UCS results for 1% basalt fiber and 3% GGBS
Fig.8 UCS results for 1% basalt fiber and 6% GGBS
Fig.9 UCS results for 1% basalt fiber and 9% GGBS
5.6 5.635.72
5.61
5.485.39 5.42 5.44
5.485.49
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
MDD (g/cc)
MDD (g/cc)
0
0.10.140.16
0.210.230.27
0.30.33
0.390.43
0.3
0.23
0.14
00.050.10.150.20.250.30.350.40.450.5
0 5 10 15 20
Stress
Strain
0
0.09
0.13
0.190.21
0.25
0.30.33
0.39
0.34
0.22 0.21
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0 5 10 15 20
Str
ess
Strain
0
0.120.17
0.210.25
0.43
0.5
0.63
0.7
0.8
0.55
0.44
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0 5 10 15 20
Str
ess
Strain
0
0.160.23
0.33
0.48
0.630.69
0.87
0.97
0.68
0.420.38
0.25
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
0 5 10 15 20
Axis
Tit
le
Strain
Volume 6, Issue 4 (2019) 1-5 ISSN 2347 - 3258 International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation
4 IJARI
Fig.10 UCS results for 2% basalt fiber and 3% GGBS
Fig.11 UCS results for 2% basalt fiber 6% GGBS
Fig.12 UCS results for 2% basalt fiber and 9% GGBS
Fig.13 UCS results for 3% basalt fiber and 3% GGBS
Fig.14 UCS results for 3% basalt fiber and 6% GGBS
Fig.15 UCS results for 3% basalt fiber and 9% GGBS
0
0.19
0.460.57
0.75
0.880.98
1.08
1.231.35
1.42
1.131.03
0.76
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
0 5 10 15 20
Str
ess
Stress
0
0.25
0.480.59
0.67
0.921.04
1.28
1.62
1.83
1.59
1.15
1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
0 5 10 15 20
Str
ess
Stress
0
0.26
0.38
0.89
1.06
1.181.13
1.48
1.29
1.090.99
0.83
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
0 5 10 15 20
Str
ess
Stress
0
0.260.340.39
0.47
0.620.68
0.951.01
1.14
1.42
1.261.19
0.98
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
0 5 10 15 20
Str
ess
Stress
0
0.150.21
0.28
0.4
0.550.58
0.71
0.84
0.98
1.121.16
0.96
0.82
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
0 5 10 15 20
Str
ess
Stress
0
0.130.18
0.520.57
0.730.79
0.920.98
0.94
0.83
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
0 5 10 15
Str
ess
Stress
Volume 6, Issue 4 (2019) 1-5 ISSN 2347 - 3258 International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation
5 IJARI
Fig.16 UCS results for untreated soil + proportioned soil
5. Conclusion
In this study the series of compaction test and unconfined
test were conducted to study the behavior of soil with the
addition of basalt fiber and GGBS in varying proportions.
Based on the compaction test it is found that OMC increases
and MDD decreases. The optimum moisture content is 14%
and Max dry density is 5.72 (g/cc).
Based on the unconfined compression test it is found that the
combination of these two additives gives best compressive
characteristics in the proportion of 2% basalt fiber and 6%
GGBS. The maximum compressive strength obtained is
(183kN/ml)
It is concluded that the proportioned soil is suitable for ground
improvement techniques. The basalt fiber act as a
reinforcement to increase the strength properties and GGBS
act as cementitious it reduces the permeability and increase the
shear strength of the soil.
6. Reference
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[2] Ashish Kumar Pathak, Dr. V. Pandey, Krishna
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[13] Ramanathan Ayothiraman and Anurag Singh,
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DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2016.0512038
[15] IS: 2720- part 3 sec.1- 1980 “ Determination of
specific gravity”.
[16] IS: 2720-part 4 -1975 “Determination of sieve
analysis.
[17] IS: 2720-part 5-1970 “Determination of Liquid and
plastic limit”.
[18] IS 2720-part 6-1972 “Determination of Shrinkage
factors”.
[19] IS 270- part 10-1973 “Determination of unconfined
compressive strength”.
0.43 0.39
0.80.97
1.42
1.83
1.48 1.421.16
0.98
0.21 0.190.4 0.48
0.710.91
0.74 0.710.58 0.49
00.20.40.60.8
11.21.41.61.8
2
UC
S r
esult
s
Stabilized agents
Compressive strength Shear strength