Experiments of Chemistry

Experiments of ChemistryBy: Michelle Woosley1Rules of The LabSplash proof googles must be worn at all times!No food or drinks are allowed in the laboratory.Cover skin as much as possible; no open-toed shoes allowed.If you break any glassware inform your instructor immediately. Do not try to pick up the glass yourself.If a chemical spill occurs inform your instructor immediately. Do not try to clean up the spill, we have a special kit to clean up spills.At the end of each lab session clean the equipment and lab station for the next student.ASU policy- NOTHING goes down the drain!!Ask before you mix anything! One mistake and.

2What is a Copper Cycle?The copper cycle the process by which copper is processed, combined, and extracted from other compounds in order to recover pure copper.Materials: Copper Wire6 M HNO3 (aq) (Nitric Acid)*6 M NaOH (aq) (Sodium Hydroxide)*2 M H2SO4 (aq) (Sulfuric Acid)*3 M HCl (aq) (Hydrochloric Acid)*Zinc*AcetoneFilter Paper250mL BeakerFlaskFilter FlaskBchner funnelVacuum ValveTriple Beam Scale*Amount to be determined- The amount will be determine later using stoichiometry using the mole to mole ratios of each equation. 3ProcedureObtain 0.500g of copper wire weigh on a triple beam scale and placed in the bottom of a flask.Use mole to mole conversion to determine amount of 6 M HNO3 (aq) and 6 M NaOH (aq). Use gram to gram conversion to determine amount of 2 M H2SO4 (aq) and zinc.Pour 6 M HNO3 (aq) into the flask under a fume hood After reaction takes place the reaction will be a light blue liquid and form Cu(NO3)2 (aq).Place flask into ice bath, slowly add 6 M NaOH (aq)Add Cu(NO3)2 (aq) until a solid forms at the bottom of the flask forming Cu(OH)2 (s).Set up a filtration system , allow filtered solid to dry. Weigh solid and place solid back into flask.4ProcedurePour 2 M H2SO4 (aq) into flask. Swirl flask until solid dissolves forming Cu2(SO)4 (aq).Weigh out zinc on a triple beam scale and add to flask. Caution! Adding zinc will cause solution to be warm to the touch and bubble. Be cautious when handling!Add 3 M HCl (aq) into the flask and swirl the flask. Repeat until solution is a transparent colorless solution.Using the filtration system filter the solution and a solid should form.Allow the solid to dry and rinse solid with acetone to remove any impurities.Remove solid and place on a filter paper and weigh your solid on a triple beam scale.Observe your solid, if any black copper is present remove it and reweigh your solid.Use the percent yield equation to determine the amount of copper you recovered. To see an example of the copper cycle lab go to: What is a Copper Cycle?

5ReactionsSolid copper reacts with aqueous nitric acid (HNO3 (aq)) Cu (s) + 4HNO3 (aq) Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + 2NO2 (g) + 2H2O (l)Aqueous copper (II) nitrate reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH (aq)) Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) Cu(OH)2 (s) + 2NaNO3 (aq)Solid copper (II) hydroxide reacts with aqueous sulfuric acid (H2SO4 (aq)) Cu(OH)2 (s) + H2SO4 (aq) CuSO4 (aq) + 2H2O (l)Aqueous copper (II) sulfate reacts with solid zinc CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)Solid zinc reacts with aqueous hydrochloric acid (HCl (aq)) Zn (s) + 2HCl (aq) ZnCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)

6Results7Zn (s) + 2HCl (aq) ZnCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)Results8Results9How Much Sodium Bicarbonate is in the Mixture? Materials:(2) 250mL Beakers(2) 25mL CylindersApproximately 1g of HCl (aq)1g of NaHCO3 (s)1g of unknownWeighing paperTriple Beam Balance Scale

1010Trial of HClMeasure out approximately 25mL HCl (aq)Measure out approximately 1g of NaHCO3 (s)Mix HCl (aq) and NaHCO3 (s) in a 250mL beaker.Once reaction stops weigh the mixture. Repeat three times for accuracy.

Trial of HClMass Of NaHCO3

Mass of Acid

Mass After Reaction

Mass of CO2

Theoretical Mass of CO2

Percent Error

10.972 g24.55 g24.54 g0.982 g0.509 g93.9%20.966 g24.51 g24.67 g0.806 g0.506 g59.3%31.00 g24.50 g24.66 g0.840 g0.524 g60.3%11Formulas12Calculations13Trial of H2SO4Measure out approximately 14g H2SO4 (aq)Measure out approximately 1g of NaHCO3 (s)Mix H2SO4 (aq) and NaHCO3 (s) in a 250mL beaker.Once reaction stops weigh the mixture. Repeat three times for accuracy.

Trial OfH2SO4Mass Of NaHCO3Mass of AcidMass After ReactionMass of CO2Theoretical Mass of CO2Percent Error 10.998g13.195g13.234g0.950g0.518g83.4%2

1.00g12.452g12.410g1.042g0.524g98.85%3

0.997g12.820g12.480g1.337g0.522g156.113%14Calculations15Trial of UnknownMeasure out approximately 25mL HCl (aq)Measure out approximately 1g of unknownMix HCl (aq) and unknown in a 250mL beaker.Once reaction stops weigh the mixture. Repeat three times for accuracy.

Trial of UnknownMass of Unknown Mass of Acid Mass After Reaction Mass of CO2 Mass of NaHCO3 Percent Mass Composition11.00g24.23g24.619g0.611g0.683g68.3%21.00g24.09g24.459g0.631g0.705g70.5%31.00g23.07g24.414g0.656g0.733g73.3%16Formulas:17Calculations:18Interested in Chemistry?It does not take a chemists to do chemistry. Following along with a procedure and using basic algebra anyone can do it and that includes YOU!Just remember to follow the lab safety rules!Think a chemistry major is not for you? Do these experiments plus more by taking CHM 113 at ASU and meet a general course requirement!Interested in chemistry? Check out the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at ASU!

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