expl netfund chapter 06 ipv4 part 2

8/16/2019 Expl NetFund Chapter 06 IPv4 Part 2

1/58

CCNA1-1 Chapter 6-2

Chapter 6Chapter 6

Addressing the Network - IPV4 Addressing the Network - IPV4

Part IIPart II

Ing. Fernando Velez Varela


2/58


3/58

CCNA1-. Chapter 6-2

Addressing the Network) IP+4 Addressing the Network) IP+4

/egac' IP+4 Addressing/egac' IP+4 Addressing


4/58

CCNA1-4 Chapter 6-2

/egac' IP+4 Addressing/egac' IP+4 Addressing

• In the ear$' 103s( unicast address ranges were groupedIn the ear$' 103s( unicast address ranges were groupedinto specific si"es orinto specific si"es or c$assesc$asses of address%of address%

• ach c$ass defined)ach c$ass defined)

* A specifica$$' si"ed network% A specifica$$' si"ed network%

* 5pecific address #$ocks for these networks%5pecific address #$ocks for these networks%

C$assC$ass&igh&ighrderrder7its7its

8irst ctet8irst ctetangeange

Num#er ofNum#er ofNetworkNetwork

7its7its

Num#erNum#erof &ostof &ost

7its7its

Num#er ofNum#er ofNetworksNetworks

Num#er ofNum#er of&osts per&osts perNetworkNetwork

A -129 24 12 16(999(2167 1 12-101 16 16 16(.4 6:(:.6

C 11 102-22. 24 2(09(1:2 2:6

; 111 224-2.0


5/58

CCNA1-: Chapter 6-2

IP+4 C$assfu$ AddressingIP+4 C$assfu$ Addressing

• ;e+ices e>amined the;e+ices e>amined the first octetfirst octet of the address and cou$dof the address and cou$ddetermine the address range%determine the address range%

• The high order #its ne+er change for each c$ass%The high order #its ne+er change for each c$ass%

* C$assfu$ Addressing)C$assfu$ Addressing)

* 102102%16%2.%2 is in the C$ass C range%16%2.%2 is in the C$ass C range

* Therefore ? 24 network #its and hosts #its%Therefore ? 24 network #its and hosts #its%


8irst8irstctetctetangeange

Num#er Num#er of Networkof Network

7its7its

Num#er Num#er of &ostof &ost

7its7its

Num#er Num#er of of

NetworksNetworks

Num#er Num#er of &ostsof &osts

per Networkper Network

A 0 0-127 8 24 128 16,777,216

B 10 128-191 16 16 16,384 65,536

C 110 192-223 24 8 2,097,152 256


6/58

CCNA1-6 Chapter 6-2


• In a c$assfu$ addressing scheme( these di+isions take p$aceIn a c$assfu$ addressing scheme( these di+isions take p$aceat theat the octet #oundariesoctet #oundaries%%

* This ma' seem o#+ious now #ut is important toThis ma' seem o#+ious now #ut is important to

remem#er when we e>p$ore how to di+ide a sing$eremem#er when we e>p$ore how to di+ide a sing$enetwork into se+era$ sma$$er su#netsnetwork into se+era$ sma$$er su#nets @su#netting@su#netting%%


8irst8irstctetctetangeange


7its7its

Num#er Num#er of &ostof &ost

7its7its

Num#er Num#er of of

NetworksNetworks



A 0 0-127 8 24 128 16,777,216

B 10 128-191 16 16 16,384 65,536

C 110 192-223 24 8 2,097,152 256


7/58CCNA1-9 Chapter 6-2


• In the ear$' 100s( theIn the ear$' 100s( the su#net masksu#net mask was added to IP+4%was added to IP+4%* The su#net mask a$$owed networks to su#di+ided orThe su#net mask a$$owed networks to su#di+ided or

su#nettedsu#netted%%

* ach c$ass was assigned a defau$t su#net mask%ach c$ass was assigned a defau$t su#net mask%

C$assC$ass8irst8irstctetctetangeange


7its7its


7its7its

;efau$t;efau$t5u#net5u#net=ask=ask

Num#er Num#er of of

NetworksNetworks



A 0-127 8 24 255.0.0.0 128 16,777,216

B 128-191 16 16 255.255.0.0 16,384 65,536

C 192-223 24 8 255.255.255.0 2,097,152 256


8/58CCNA1- Chapter 6-2


• /et3s Buick$' re+iew%/et3s Buick$' re+iew%* In order to function properly with network devices, everyIn order to function properly with network devices, every

IP network must contain three types of addresses:IP network must contain three types of addresses:

*Network Address)Network Address)

* A$$ A$$ &5T 7IT5&5T 7IT5 are set toare set to %%

* &ost Address)&ost Address) &5T 7IT5&5T 7IT5 wi$$ +ar'%wi$$ +ar'%

* 7roadcast Address)7roadcast Address)

* A$$ A$$ &5T 7IT5&5T 7IT5 are set toare set to 11%%

* For a host to communicate directly with another host onFor a host to communicate directly with another host on

the same network, they must have the same networkthe same network, they must have the same network

portion. portion.




• 5)5)* 8or e+er' IP address range that we assign to a network8or e+er' IP address range that we assign to a network

segment( we automatica$$'segment( we automatica$$' $ose two addresses$ose two addresses%%

* ne for thene for the networknetwork address @sometimes ca$$ed theaddress @sometimes ca$$ed thewirewire address oraddress or su#networksu#network addressaddress

* ne for thene for the #roadcast#roadcast address for that network%address for that network%




•

ur num#ers for the num#er of hosts per network ha+e tour num#ers for the num#er of hosts per network ha+e tochange to a$$ow for the specia$ use of the network num#erchange to a$$ow for the specia$ use of the network num#er

and #roadcast addresses%and #roadcast addresses%

• As we wi$$ see( the formu$a As we wi$$ see( the formu$a @2@2num#erDofD#itsnum#erDofD#its - 2 - 2 or or 22nn - 2- 2 is anis an

important part of assigning an IP address range to a networkimportant part of assigning an IP address range to a network

segment%segment%

C$assC$assNum#er ofNum#er ofNetworkNetwork

7its7its


7its7its

Num#er &osts PerNum#er &osts Per

NetworkNetwork

Num#er ofNum#er of



IP+4 C$ass$ess AddressingIP+4 C$ass$ess Addressing

• The s'stem current$' in use isThe s'stem current$' in use is c$ass$ess addressingc$ass$ess addressing%%

* Address #$ocks appropriate to the num#er of hosts are Address #$ocks appropriate to the num#er of hosts are

assigned to companies or organi"ationsassigned to companies or organi"ations without regard towithout regard to

the classthe class%%

* This is accomp$ished #'This is accomp$ished #' su#nettingsu#netting withwith

Varia#$e /ength 5u#net =asking @V/5=Varia#$e /ength 5u#net =asking @V/5=%%

* To understand classless addressing, you must firstTo understand classless addressing, you must first

understand classful addressing.understand classful addressing.




Ca$cu$ating AddressesCa$cu$ating Addresses


13/58CCNA1-1. Chapter 6-2


• 5ki$$s)5ki$$s)* To work with an IP+4 network)To work with an IP+4 network)

* 8ind the network address for the host%8ind the network address for the host%

* 8ind the #roadcast address for the network%8ind the #roadcast address for the network%

* 8ind what host addresses are a+ai$a#$e in the8ind what host addresses are a+ai$a#$e in the

network%network%

* ;i+ide a $arge network into sma$$er networks%;i+ide a $arge network into sma$$er networks%


15/58CCNA1-1: Chapter 6-2

The Network Num#er The Network Num#er

• A host on a network can communicate A host on a network can communicate direct$'direct$' with otherwith other

de+icesde+ices on the same network(on the same network( on$' if a$$ the de+ices ha+eon$' if a$$ the de+ices ha+e

thethe same network num#er and the same su#net masksame network num#er and the same su#net mask%%


16/58

CCNA1-16 Chapter 6-2

The Network Num#er The Network Num#er

• outers use the network num#er to #ui$d their routing ta#$esouters use the network num#er to #ui$d their routing ta#$esso itso it cannot #e used for a hostcannot #e used for a host%%

• The IP address that indicates the network num#er has a$$The IP address that indicates the network num#er has a$$

#its #its in thein the host portionhost portion of the IP Address%of the IP Address%


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The 7roadcastThe 7roadcast

• If a host needs to send aIf a host needs to send a #roadcast#roadcast( it a$so uses the network( it a$so uses the networknum#er with a$$ of thenum#er with a$$ of the host #its set to 1host #its set to 1%%

• A #roadcast address is used for that purpose on$' and A #roadcast address is used for that purpose on$' and cannotcannot

#e assigned to a host#e assigned to a host%%


18/58

CCNA1-1 Chapter 6-2

The &ost Num#er The &ost Num#er

• The host num#er is the portion of the IP address thatThe host num#er is the portion of the IP address that

uniBue$' identifies the indi+idua$ host on that network%uniBue$' identifies the indi+idua$ host on that network%


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The 5u#net =askThe 5u#net =ask

•5u#net =ask)5u#net =ask)

* /etEs not forget a#out the su#net mask%/etEs not forget a#out the su#net mask%

* ach c$ass has aach c$ass has a defau$t or Fnatura$Fdefau$t or Fnatura$F su#net masksu#net mask

#ased on the defau$t num#er of #its used for the#ased on the defau$t num#er of #its used for the

network and host portion%network and host portion%

C$assC$assNum#er ofNum#er ofNetworkNetwork

7its7its


7its7its

;efau$t;efau$t

Prefi>Prefi>

;efau$t;efau$t5u#net =ask5u#net =ask

A 24 G 2::%%%

7 16 16 G16 2::%2::%%

C 24 G24 2::%2::%2::%


20/58

CCNA1-2 Chapter 6-2

C$assfu$ IP Addressing ? C$ass CC$assfu$ IP Addressing ? C$ass C

• C$ass C)C$ass C)

* Address range) Address range) 102 - 22.102 - 22.* Num#er of network #its)Num#er of network #its) 2424

* Num#er of networks)Num#er of networks) 2(09(1:22(09(1:2

* Num#er of host #its)Num#er of host #its)

* Num#er of hosts per network)Num#er of hosts per network)* 22 H 2:6H 2:6

* Num#er ofNum#er of


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•

e know from thee know from the

C$ass CC$ass C

su#net masksu#net mask

@2::%2::%2::%@2::%2::%2::%

))

* The first 24 #its are the network num#er and theThe first 24 #its are the network num#er and the

$ast #its are the host num#ers%$ast #its are the host num#ers%

111111111111111111111111111111111111

2::2::99%99%2%2%21%21%

* The $ast host address @a$$ 1Es is reser+ed for theThe $ast host address @a$$ 1Es is reser+ed for the

#roadcast address%#roadcast address%

11111111111111111111

99%99%2%2%21%21%

* The first host address @a$$ Es is reser+ed for theThe first host address @a$$ Es is reser+ed for the

network address%network address%


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•

7ecause the host portion of the su#net mask is a$$7ecause the host portion of the su#net mask is a$$

"eroEs @2::%2::%2::%"eroEs @2::%2::%2::%( the remaining host addresses can #e( the remaining host addresses can #e

used for indi+idua$ hosts on the network%used for indi+idua$ hosts on the network%

* The num#er ofThe num#er of usa#$eusa#$e host addresses for the entirehost addresses for the entire

network isnetwork is 22 - 2 H 2:4 - 2 H 2:4

1111111111111111111111111111111111

2:42:499%99%2%2%21%21%

1111111111111111111111

1199%99%2%2%21%21%The range ofThe range of

a+ai$a#$ea+ai$a#$eaddresses is)addresses is)


23/58

CCNA1-2. Chapter 6-2

C$assfu$ IP Addressing ? C$ass 7C$assfu$ IP Addressing ? C$ass 7

• C$ass 7)C$ass 7)

* Address range) Address range) 12 - 10112 - 101* Num#er of network #its)Num#er of network #its) 1616

* Num#er of networks)Num#er of networks) 16(.416(.4

* Num#er of host #its)Num#er of host #its) 1616

* Num#er of hosts per network)Num#er of hosts per network)* 221616 H 6:(:.6H 6:(:.6



24/58



•

e know from thee know from the

C$ass 7C$ass 7

su#net masksu#net mask

@2::%2::%%@2::%2::%%

))

* The first 16 #its are the network num#er and theThe first 16 #its are the network num#er and the

$ast 16 #its are the host num#ers%$ast 16 #its are the host num#ers%

11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111

2::2::2::%2::%4%4%146%146%



111111111111

%%4%4%146%146%




25/58

CCNA1-2: Chapter 6-2


• 7ecause the host portion of the su#net mask is a$$7ecause the host portion of the su#net mask is a$$

"eroEs @2::%2::%"eroEs @2::%2::%%%( the remaining host addresses can #e( the remaining host addresses can #e



network isnetwork is 221616 - 2 H 6:(:.4 - 2 H 6:(:.4

111111111111111111111111111111111111111111

2:42:42::%2::%4%4%146%146%

11111111111111

11%%4%4%146%146%The range of

a+ai$a#$eaddresses is)


26/58


C$assfu$ IP Addressing ? C$ass AC$assfu$ IP Addressing ? C$ass A

• C$ass A)C$ass A)

* Address range) Address range) - 129 - 129

* Num#er of network #its)Num#er of network #its) * Num#er of networks)Num#er of networks) 126126

* Num#er of host #its)Num#er of host #its) 2424

* Num#er of hosts per network)Num#er of hosts per network)

* 222424 H 16(999(216H 16(999(216



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• C$ass A @


28/58

CCNA1-2 Chapter 6-2


• e know from thee know from the C$ass AC$ass A su#net masksu#net mask @2::%%%@2::%%%))

* The first #its are the network num#er and theThe first #its are the network num#er and the

$ast 24 #its are the host num#ers%$ast 24 #its are the host num#ers%

1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111

2::2::2::%2::%2::%2::%66%66%



1111

%%%%66%66%




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• 7ecause the host portion of the su#net mask is a$$7ecause the host portion of the su#net mask is a$$

"eroEs @2::%2::%"eroEs @2::%2::%%%( the remaining host addresses can #e( the remaining host addresses can #e



network isnetwork is 222424 - 2 H 16(999(216 - 2 H 16(999(216

11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111

2:42:42::%2::%2::%2::%66%66%

111111

11%%%%66%66%The range of

a+ai$a#$eaddresses is)


30/58

CCNA1-. Chapter 6-2

C$assfu$ IP AddressingC$assfu$ IP Addressing

• IP Address) 1.%61%22%24 G 16IP Address) 1.%61%22%24 G 16

Network Address is)

7roadcast Address is)

5u#net =ask)

Num#er of


31/58

CCNA1-.1 Chapter 6-2


• IP Address) 109%11%2%. G 24IP Address) 109%11%2%. G 24

Network Address is)


5u#net =ask)

Num#er of


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• IP Address) 64%1..%6:%11 G IP Address) 64%1..%6:%11 G

Network Address is)


5u#net =ask)

Num#er of


33/58

CCNA1-.. Chapter 6-2


7asic 5u#netting7asic 5u#netting


34/58


IP Address CrisisIP Address Crisis

•The wor$d is running short of a+ai$a#$e IP addresses%The wor$d is running short of a+ai$a#$e IP addresses%

• If e+er' organi"ation connected to the Internet used an entireIf e+er' organi"ation connected to the Internet used an entire

C$ass A( 7 or C address)C$ass A( 7 or C address)

* The num#er of organi"ations wou$d #e $imited and man'The num#er of organi"ations wou$d #e $imited and man'

IP addresses wou$d #e wasted%IP addresses wou$d #e wasted%* e%g%e%g% An organi"ation with 2:6 hosts owns a C$ass 7 An organi"ation with 2:6 hosts owns a C$ass 7

address% 6:( addresses not used%address% 6:( addresses not used%

* wning an addresswning an address means that the organi"ation hasmeans that the organi"ation has

app$ied for and recei+ed that address range from theapp$ied for and recei+ed that address range from theIANA%IANA%


35/58

CCNA1-.: Chapter 6-2

IP Address CrisisIP Address Crisis

•The goa$( then( is to use owned addresses @or pu#$icThe goa$( then( is to use owned addresses @or pu#$icaddresses as efficient$' as possi#$e to a+oid waste%addresses as efficient$' as possi#$e to a+oid waste%

* 5u#netting5u#netting

* CI;CI;

* Network Address Trans$ation @NAT%Network Address Trans$ation @NAT%• It is a$so desira#$e to a+oid waste within the organi"ationIt is a$so desira#$e to a+oid waste within the organi"ation

when using pri+ate IP addressing%when using pri+ate IP addressing%

* Carefu$ p$anning of the addressing scheme is ke' to aCarefu$ p$anning of the addressing scheme is ke' to a

successfu$ imp$ementation%successfu$ imp$ementation%


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h' =u$tip$e 5egmentsJh' =u$tip$e 5egmentsJ

•

If organi"ations growIf organi"ations growsignificant$'( the ph'sica$significant$'( the ph'sica$

segment and thesegment and the

$ogica$ network traffic can$ogica$ network traffic can

Buick$' #ecomeBuick$' #ecome

unmanagea#$e%unmanagea#$e%

• 5o$utionJ5o$utionJ 7reak the 7reak the

$arger network into sma$$er($arger network into sma$$er(

more managea#$e segments%more managea#$e segments%

outer)outer) ach segment #ecomes ph'sica$$' sma$$er andach segment #ecomes ph'sica$$' sma$$er and

each must ha+e their own uniBue( $ogica$( /a'er .each must ha+e their own uniBue( $ogica$( /a'er .



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•This compan' has mu$tip$e networks connected #' a router%This compan' has mu$tip$e networks connected #' a router%TheThe network num#er network num#er for each networkfor each network must #e uniBuemust #e uniBue%%

The compan' ITThe compan' IT

headBuartersheadBuartershas assigned ahas assigned a

C$ass 7 addressC$ass 7 address

ofof

1.1%1:%%1.1%1:%%

to use forto use for A// A//

these networks%these networks%


38/58

CCNA1-. Chapter 6-2


C$ass 7

1.1%1:%%

hat

happens

hereJ

131.15.1.0

131.15.2.0

131.15.3.0 131.15.4.0

131.15.5.0

S!ne""#ngS!ne""#ng


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• NetworkNetworknum#ersnum#ers =


40/58

CCNA1-4 Chapter 6-2

Creating a 5u#netCreating a 5u#net

• To su#net a network( the IP addressTo su#net a network( the IP address host portionhost portion of theof thesu#net mask is di+ided into two parts%su#net mask is di+ided into two parts%

* 7its are7its are #orrowed#orrowed from the host portion and assigned tofrom the host portion and assigned tothe network portion to create a new network address%the network portion to create a new network address%

* The new network address co+ers a sma$$er portion of theThe new network address co+ers a sma$$er portion of theorigina$ network num#er%origina$ network num#er%

*It is a su#-network of the origina$ or aIt is a su#-network of the origina$ or a su#netsu#net%%


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• The #orrowed #itsThe #orrowed #its

#ecome part of the#ecome part of the

network portion of thenetwork portion of theIP Address and formIP Address and form

thethe network num#er network num#er %%

• The remaining host #itsThe remaining host #its

#ecome the host portion#ecome the host portion

and are used to identif'and are used to identif'indi+idua$ network hostsindi+idua$ network hosts

and create #roadcasts forand create #roadcasts for

the new su#net%the new su#net%


42/58



•The su#net mask changesThe su#net mask changes to ref$ect the new networkGhost #itto ref$ect the new networkGhost #itassignment%assignment%

* The same su#net mask app$ies toThe same su#net mask app$ies to A// A// networks deri+ednetworks deri+ed

from the su#netting process%from the su#netting process%

* rigina$ 5u#net =ask)rigina$ 5u#net =ask) 2::%2::%%2::%2::%%

11111111%11111111%%11111111%11111111%%

* 7orrow #its)7orrow #its)

11111111%11111111%11111111%11111111%1111111111111111%%

* New 5u#net =ask)New 5u#net =ask) 2::%2::%2::%2::%2::%2::%


43/58

CCNA1-4. Chapter 6-2

Creating a 5u#net - The u$esCreating a 5u#net - The u$es

•

&ost #its must #e&ost #its must #e #orrowed in descending order #orrowed in descending order ( starting with( starting withthe $eft-most #it position and working to the right%the $eft-most #it position and working to the right%

• A A minimum of two #its must remainminimum of two #its must remain for host addresses%for host addresses%

• A A remaining host maskremaining host mask of a$$ Es or a$$ 1Esof a$$ Es or a$$ 1Es cannotcannot #e assigned#e assigned

as a host address%as a host address%

• To determine the num#er of su#nets or hosts)To determine the num#er of su#nets or hosts)

* 5u#nets)5u#nets) 22num#erDofD num#erDofD #orrowedDhost#orrowedDhost D#its D#its

*


44/58


5u#nets and


45/58

CCNA1-4: Chapter 6-2

5u#netting - C$ass C5u#netting - C$ass C

• This is our network andThis is our network and

we ha+e decided to usewe ha+e decided to use

the pri+ate C$ass Cthe pri+ate C$ass C

network)network) 102%16%%102%16%%

• e neede need 4 networks4 networks

with addresses for with addresses for : hosts: hosts and want to $ea+e room for someand want to $ea+e room for some future e>pansionfuture e>pansion%%

7orrowed7orrowed7its7its

Num#er of Num#er of

5u#nets5u#nets

Num#er of Num#er of

2 22 = 4 26 - 2 = 62 255.255.255.192 '26

3 23 = 8 25 - 2 = 30 255.255.255.224 '27

4 24 = 16 24 - 2 = 14 255.255.255.240 '28

5 25 = 32 23 - 2 = 6 255.255.255.248 '29

5 # i C$ C


46/58



• /ooking at the ta#$e( we/ooking at the ta#$e( we

see that #orrowing .see that #orrowing .

#its gi+es us su#nets#its gi+es us su#nets

with . usea#$e hostswith . usea#$e hosts

on each network%on each network%

• This choice meets theThis choice meets thecurrent reBuirements and $ea+es room for e>pansion%current reBuirements and $ea+es room for e>pansion%

7orrowed7orrowed7its7its

Num#er of Num#er of

5u#nets5u#nets

Num#er of Num#er of

2 22 = 4 26 - 2 = 62 255.255.255.192 '26

3 23 = 8 25 - 2 = 30 255.255.255.224 '27

4 24 = 16 24 - 2 = 14 255.255.255.240 '28

5 25 = 32 23 - 2 = 6 255.255.255.248 '29

= i N #


47/58


=agic Num#ers=agic Num#ers

•

To make the o# of su#netting easier(To make the o# of su#netting easier(there is a method that a$$ows 'ou tothere is a method that a$$ows 'ou to

ca$cu$ate aca$cu$ate a FmagicFFmagicF num#er%num#er%

• The magic num#er weEre $ooking for The magic num#er weEre $ooking for

is the num#er of addresses in eachis the num#er of addresses in eachnetwork(network( inc$uding the network(inc$uding the network(

#roadcast and host range#roadcast and host range%%

•

The ca$cu$ationThe ca$cu$ation

22num#erD ofD hostD #itsnum#erD ofD hostD #its

'ie$ds the FmagicF num#er%'ie$ds the FmagicF num#er%

• e ha+e : host #its remaining so%%e ha+e : host #its remaining so%%

* 22:: HH .2.2 - our- our FmagicFFmagicF num#er%num#er%

5 # i C$ C5 # tti C$ C


48/58

CCNA1-4 Chapter 6-2


• Network) 102%16%% 5u#net =ask) 2::%2::%2::%224Network) 102%16%% 5u#net =ask) 2::%2::%2::%224

• Network)Network) 29 #its29 #its &ost)&ost) : #its: #its =agic Num#er)=agic Num#er) 22:: H .2H .2

102%16%%2::102%16%%22: ? 102%16%%2:4102%16%%22: ? 102%16%%2:4102%16%%2249

102%16%%22.102%16%%10. ? 102%16%%222102%16%%10. ? 102%16%%222102%16%%1026

102%16%%101102%16%%161 ? 102%16%%10102%16%%161 ? 102%16%%10102%16%%16:

102%16%%1:0102%16%%120 ? 102%16%%1:102%16%%120 ? 102%16%%1:102%16%%124

102%16%%129102%16%%09 ? 102%16%%126102%16%%09 ? 102%16%%126102%16%%06.

102%16%%0:102%16%%6: ? 102%16%%04102%16%%6: ? 102%16%%04102%16%%642

102%16%%6.102%16%%.. ? 102%16%%62102%16%%.. ? 102%16%%62102%16%%.21

102%16%%.1102%16%%1 ? 102%16%%.102%16%%1 ? 102%16%%.102%16%%

7roadcast7roadcast

Address Address5u#net Address5u#net Address

angeangeNetworkNetwork

Address AddressI;I;

5 # tti C$ C5 # tti C$ C


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5u#netting ? C$ass C5u#netting ? C$ass C

• esu$t isesu$t is su#nets withsu#nets with . usea#$e hosts. usea#$e hosts each%each%

• A$$ows the e>pansion of hosts in each network and the A$$ows the e>pansion of hosts in each network and theaddition of two more networksaddition of two more networks without changing our IPwithout changing our IP

Addressing scheme Addressing scheme%%

192.168.80.0'27 192.168.80.32'27

192.168.80.64'27 192.168.80.96'27

5 # tti C$ A C$ 75 # tti C$ A C$ 7


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CCNA1-: Chapter 6-2

5u#netting ? C$ass A or C$ass 75u#netting ? C$ass A or C$ass 7

•

The su#netting process for c$ass A and 7 networks is theThe su#netting process for c$ass A and 7 networks is thesame%same% Lou are simp$' working with more #its%Lou are simp$' working with more #its%

* ;etermine what is reBuired%;etermine what is reBuired%

* Num#er of networks and num#er of hosts perNum#er of networks and num#er of hosts per

network%network%* ;etermine the num#er of #its to #e #orrowed%;etermine the num#er of #its to #e #orrowed%

* ;etermine 'our magic num#er%;etermine 'our magic num#er%

* 5u#net to produce the ranges for each su#network%5u#net to produce the ranges for each su#network%

5 # tti C$ 75 # tti C$ 7


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CCNA1-:1 Chapter 6-2

5u#netting - C$ass 75u#netting - C$ass 7

•

/etEs tr' one%/etEs tr' one%* Lou are the network administrator for a wor$d-wideLou are the network administrator for a wor$d-wide

organi"ation with 9(: users%organi"ation with 9(: users%

@Lep ? the head IT honchoK@Lep ? the head IT honchoK

* Lou ha+eLou ha+e 1 wor$d-wide centra$ offices1 wor$d-wide centra$ offices and each of thoseand each of thoseha+e their own networks and #ranch offices% Centra$ andha+e their own networks and #ranch offices% Centra$ and

7ranch office networks range from7ranch office networks range from 1 to .( users1 to .( users%%

* Lou ha+e decided that aLou ha+e decided that a C$ass 7 networkC$ass 7 network wi$$ #e sufficientwi$$ #e sufficient

for 'our needs and 'ou must su#net the network tofor 'our needs and 'ou must su#net the network to

inc$ude 'ourse$f and the centra$ offices%inc$ude 'ourse$f and the centra$ offices%

* ach centra$ office hand$es their own networkach centra$ office hand$es their own network

maintenance and it wi$$ #e up to them to further su#netmaintenance and it wi$$ #e up to them to further su#net

the network 'ou design%the network 'ou design%

5 # tti C$ 75 # tti C$ 7


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•

Lou ha+e decided to use the C$ass 7 pri+ate address of Lou ha+e decided to use the C$ass 7 pri+ate address of * 192%2:%% G 16192%2:%% G 16

&ead ffice

Centra$ 1 Centra$ 2 Centra$ . Centra$ 1

7ranch 1

7ranch nn

Lour o#ecti+e is to pro+ide

enough addresses so that each

centra$ office can co+er their

#ranches and a$$ow room for

future e>pansion%

5 # tti C$ 75 # tti C$ 7


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CCNA1-:. Chapter 6-2


&ead ffice M 1 Centra$ ffices ---1 to .( users each&ead ffice M 1 Centra$ ffices ---1 to .( users each7orrowed7orrowed

7its7its

Num#er of Num#er of

5u#nets5u#nets

Num#er of Num#er of

0 0 $de%al"& 216 - 2 = 65,534 255.255.0.0 '16

1 21

= 2 215

- 2 = 32,766 255.255.128.0 '172 22 = 4 214 - 2 = 16,382 255.255.192.0 '18

3 23 = 8 213 - 2 = 8,190 255.255.224.0 '19

4 24 = 16 212 - 2 = 4,094 255.255.240.0 '20

5 25 = 32 211 - 2 = 2,046 255.255.248.0 '21

6 26 = 64 210 - 2 = 1,022 255.255.252.0 '22

7 27 = 128 29 - 2 = 510 255.255.254.0 '23

8 28 = 256 28 - 2 = 254 255.255.255.0 '24

5 # tti C$ 75 #netting C$ass 7


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5u#netting ? C$ass 75u#netting ? C$ass 7

•

;etermining 'our magic num#er ? C$ass A and 7%;etermining 'our magic num#er ? C$ass A and 7%* The trick here in determining the magic num#er is toThe trick here in determining the magic num#er is to onlyonly

work with the remaining host bits up to a total of 8 work with the remaining host bits up to a total of 8 %%

* The rest of the #its wi$$ fa$$ in $ine as host #its%The rest of the #its wi$$ fa$$ in $ine as host #its%

* e%g%e%g%

7orrow 4 #its ? su#net mask 2::%2::%24%7orrow 4 #its ? su#net mask 2::%2::%24%

11111111%11111111%11111111%11111111%11111111%%

4 remaining host #its)4 remaining host #its)11111111%11111111%111111111111%11111111%1111%%

* =agic Num#er H 2=agic Num#er H 244 H 16H 16


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our turn to do !T"FF# our turn to do !T"FF#

Ti $ t J


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Tienen a$guna preguntaJ

)*ACIAS +* SA/CI

FI / A +A*/ II


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e an e"or:

expl netfund chapter 06 ipv4 part 2

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