Explain Unalienable Rights, Social Contract, and Separation of Powers

John LockeUnalienable Rights

And Social Contract

Charles MontesquieuSeparation of Powers

Unalienable Rights

Rights that cannot be taken away…Life, Liberty, Pursuit of Happiness

European Exploration – Beginnings of an American Identity

Study Guide

Reasons for European Exploration

Claim land Expand Empire Become Rich Trade Route to Asia Compete with European Rivals

Effects of European Exploration

European Rivalries intensify Exchange of Plants, Animals, and

Diseases Slavery Immigrants coming to the New

World

Mercantilism

An economic system in which nations increase their wealth and power by obtaining gold and silver and establishing a favorable balance of trade

Colonies are there to benefit the mother country

Columbian Exchange

Movement of plants, animals, and diseases between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres

Joint-Stock Company

A business in which investors pool their wealth in order to turn a profit

Will send colonists to the New World to make a profit

Jamestown, Virginia

1607 First permanent English colony in

the New World Founded to make a profit Chesapeake Region Early years were a struggle

House of Burgesses

1619 First elected/representative

assembly in the New World Example of Self Government…

colonists making their own rule/laws

Pilgrims

Separatists…they wanted to separate from the Church of England

Founded Plymouth, Massachusetts Wrote the Mayflower Compact Celebrated the first Thanksgiving

Mayflower Compact

1620 Written by Pilgrims Agreement to follow the rules and

laws for the good of the colony Example of self/representative gov’t

Great Migration

Period between 1630s and 1640s in which Puritans flee England

Puritans

Wanted to purify the Church of England

Left England to avoid persecution from King James I

Roger Williams

Founder of Rhode Island…1636 Puritan Wants to separate Church and State

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

1639 First Constitution in the New World Example of Self/Representative

Gov’t

William Penn

Quaker Founder of Pennsylvania…1681

Quakers

Religious Group Believed all people should live in

peace in harmony Will live in the colony of

Pennsylvania

James Oglethorpe

Founder of Georgia…1732 Created a safe haven for debtors

and convicts

New England Region

Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire

Long winters and Rocky soil Economy = Lumber, Fishing,

Whaling, and Cattle

Middle Region

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware

Milder winters and better soil than New England

Economy = Cattle, Fish, Fur, Timber, Wheat, Pigs, and Sheep

Southern Region

Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia

Excellent growing season and soil Corn, Indigo, Pigs, Rice, and

Tobacco CASH CROPS…Slavery

Subsistence Farming

A farm that produces just enough food for the family with a little extra to trade

Practiced in the New England Region

Triangular Trade

A trade route with 3 stops

Great Awakening

A revival of religious feeling in the colonies during the 1730s and 1740s

Jonathan Edwards

Preacher during the Great Awakening

Terrified listeners when he described God’s anger

Preached that colonists could be saved

George Whitefield

Preacher during the Great Awakening

Raised funds to start a home for orphans

The Enlightenment

Movement that emphasized science and reason as the paths to knowledge

Members tended to be wealthy and educated

John Locke, Charles Montesquieu, and Benjamin Franklin

John Locke

Came up with Unalienable Rights or Natural Rights as well as Social Contract

Unalienable Rights

Rights that you are born with Rights that can not be taken away Life, Liberty, and Pursuit of

Happiness Property was originally one of the

Unalienable Rights

Social Contract

State that Government is there to protect the rights of the people. If the government fails to do so, the people can change the government

The people agree to follow the rules/laws of the government

Magna Carta

Document signed by King John in 1215

Will be the stepping stone towards granting basic rights to the English people

Parliament

England’s chief law making body Colonists’ model for representative

government

Glorious Revolution

1688 When King James is forced to flee

England and William and Mary come into power

King James wanted to bring back the Catholic Church but was overthrown

English Bill of Rights

1689 Document that was signed by

William and Mary to respect the rights of English citizens and of Parliament

Rights of the people were strengthened

Salutary Neglect

The hands off policy of England towards the colonists from the 1600s to 1750s

This allowed the colonist to become accustomed to acting on their own (independent)

Push-Pull Factors

A factor that pushes people out of their native lands and pulls them toward a new place

Maryland Toleration Act (1649)

Stated all religions would be allowed in the colony of Maryland

Precursor to the First Amendment…freedom of Religion

Charles Montesquieu

Enlightenment Philosopher that came up with the idea of Separation of Powers…prevents one branch of government from having all the power